فصلنامه پژوهش های نوین روانشناختی
پیاپی 65 (بهار 1401)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on optimism and psychological well-being of mothers of children with type 1 mucopolysaccharide (Hurler syndrome). The method of this study was single subject with baseline control. The statistical population of the study included all mothers with children with mucopolysaccharide in 1397-1397 years who were selected using purposive sampling. Tools used by optimism questionnaire (LOT), psychological well-being of short form questionnaire( PWB ) and the emotion regulation training program for Allen, Mc Hag and Barlow (2009) was performed in 8 sessions of 90 minutes at once a week in 3 stages (baseline, 8-session training program and 6-week follow-up). The data from the execution of the questionnaires was analyzed using the improvement percentage formula and visual drawing method. The results of this study showed that emotion regulation training was effective on optimism and psychological well-being of mothers of children with type 1 mucopolysaccharide (Hurler syndrome). And this effect remained stable at the 6-week follow-up phase. Therefore, by using emotion regulation training, the ability of mothers with mucopolysaccharide children can be improved.

The purpose of this study was preparation and validation of fear of marriage questionnaire among female students of Tabriz University. The present research was a validation and psychometric study. The population consists all the female students of Tabriz University in the academic year 2016-17. The participants were 155 female student that selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method, and they were asked to complete the researcher-made questionnaire of fear of marriage. For assessing the construct validity and determining the factor structure of the questionnaire, exploratory factor analysis through principal components method with Varimax rotation was used. Exploratory factor analysis extracted one-factorial that named “fear of marriage” and a three-factorial structure that named respectively, “fear of husband issues”, “fear of interpersonal differences”, and “fear of restrictions on working and education”. Reliability coefficients of questionnaire through Cronbach’s alpha and split-half coefficients were appropriate. Group differences between single and engaged participants indicated the relevance of this questionnaire. At all, these criteria indicate that this questionnaire has high validity and reliability for assessment fear of marriage among girls. So, it can be used in premarital counseling and psychological researches.

Cardiovascular diseases are among the diseases that in addition to physical causes, also have several psychological causes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on resilience in cardiovascular patients after coronory artery bypass graft surgery.

The design of the present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all cardiovascular patients after coronory artery bypass graft surgery in selected AJA hospital in Tehran in 1400. Based on available sampling, 30 people were selected as a statistical sample and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. They responded to the And the Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003). and underwent 14 sessions of psychotherapy. The statistical method used also included multivariate analysis of covariance which was performed using SPSS-23 statistical software.

The results showed that there is a significant difference in resilience and components of perception of individual competence, positive acceptance of change and spiritual effects in the experimental and control groups. In the post-test group, the experimental group obtained higher mean scores in these components than the control group..

In addition to medical interventions, this treatment can be used for those who have cardiovascular problems and to increase resilience in order to adapt to the limitations after open heart surgery and exposure to stressors.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of obsession and intolerance of ambiguity in predicting coronary anxiety based on metacognitive beliefs in the prevalence of Covid-19 virus.

The present study was a descriptive correlation (path analysis). The statistical population of the study included all men and women who completed the questionnaires online. The statistical sample size was determined based on Morgan table equal to 330 people, which was done by available sampling method and online questionnaire. The instruments used in this study were Maudsley (1977) obsessive-compulsive disorder questionnaire, McLain ambiguity tolerance questionnaire (1993), Wells Metacognitive Beliefs (1997), and Alipour et al. (2000) coronavirus anxiety questionnaire. To analyze the research data, the path analysis method was used, which was performed using Lisrel 8.8 software.

The results of path analysis showed that in the hypothetical model, all indicators had a good fit and the model was approved. Path coefficients also showed that only the direct path of positive beliefs to tolerance of ambiguity and obsession was not significant and the other paths of metacognitive beliefs to obsession and tolerance of ambiguity as well as the path of obsession and ambiguity of tolerance to coronary anxiety were significant.

Therefore, metacognitive beliefs, mediated by obsession and intolerance of ambiguity, predict the degree of coronary anxiety during the outbreak of Covid 19.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between reinforcement sensitivity and narcissistic personality with the mediating role of mentalization. This research was one of the descriptive-correlational designs. The statistical population of the study included all students of Tabriz Azad University in the second semester of the 98-99 academic year; The research sample was estimated using Morgan sampling table, 387 people who were selected as a multi-stage cluster. Research tools included Carver White Brain-Behavioral Systems Questionnaire, Mentalization Questionnaire, and Pathological Narcissism Questionnaire (PNI). Pearson correlation statistical method and path analysis through SPSS 24 and LISREL software version 8.80 were used.The results showed the direct effect of behavioral activation system (β = 0.32) and behavioral inhibition system (β = -0.23) with narcissism, behavioral activation system (β = -0.42) and behavioral inhibition system (β = 0.37) Were meaningful with mentalization. The direct effect of mentalization with narcissism (β = -0.30) was significant. Also, the indirect effect of the behavioral activation system with narcissism (through mentalization) was 0.12 and the indirect effect of the behavioral inhibition system with narcissism (through mentalization) was 0.11, which was significant at the level of 0.05.Therefore, it can be concluded that the behavioral activator system and the behavioral inhibition system can directly and indirectly predict narcissism. Also, the effect of the whole behavioral activator system and behavioral inhibition system on narcissism was significant. Therefore, it can be said that mentalization as a mediating variable has an important role in the relationship between brain-behavioral systems and narcissism

The purpose of the present study is to examine the mediating role of emotion dysregulation of reappraisal and mindfulness strategies on the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and generalized anxiety symptoms. A total of 507 students from the universities in Tehran participated in the study. Participants completed the Farsi version of metacognitive beliefs questionnaire (MCQ-30), five factors mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ), emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), and generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire (GAD-7). The results demonstrated that there was a positive significant association between metacognitive beliefs about worry and generalized anxiety symptoms. Furthermore there was a negative significant association between metacognitive beliefs and mindfulness, also between mindfulness and generalized anxiety symptoms; however the relationship between reappraisal and metacognitive beliefs, and the relationship between reappraisal and generalized anxiety symptoms was not significant. So mindfulness was the only strategy with significant mediating role between metacognitive beliefs and generalized anxiety symptoms. Therefore, considering these emotion regulation strategies can result in better understanding of anxiety symptoms and more effective treatments.

The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between basic psychological needs and three main aspects of psychological distress, namely depression, anxiety and stress. The research method was correlational (path analysis). The statistical population included all students of Shahid Beheshti University in the year 1399-1400, of which 370 individuals were selected using convenience sampling and responded online to the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale (General scale), the Psychological Capital Questionnaire of Luthans (PCQ), and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21). Data analysis was performed using path analysis. The results showed a significant positive relationship between basic psychological needs and psychological capital (r=0/665), a significant negative relationship between basic psychological needs and depression (r=-0/707), stress (r=-0/510), and anxiety (r=-0/469) and also between psychological capital and depression (r=-0/566), stress (r=-0/352), and anxiety (r=-0/321). Also, the findings showed that the assumed mediation model of psychological capital in the relationship between basic psychological needs and depression, anxiety, and stress had a good fitness (CFI= 0/933, IFI=0/933, RMSEA=0/061). Therefore, the results of this study showed that basic psychological needs have an important role in reducing psychological distress and preventing mental health problems in students through the prediction of psychological capital increase. Thus, the practical implications of the results are possible for the study population.

Many believe that depression is one of the most important psychological challenges of the 21st century. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between childhood trauma and anger with depression. This research is in the category of correlational research in terms of applied purpose and methodology. The statistical population of this study included all people over 18 years of age in Tehran, based on which 745 people were sampled using voluntary method and electronic questionnaire. Beck Short Depression Inventory, Childhood Trauma (Bernstein et al., 2003) and Anger Short Form Questionnaire (Novako, 1986) were used to measure the variables. Data were collected using SPSS software and multiple regression statistical method was used. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between sexual abuse with β = (0.341), emotional abuse (β = 0.084) and emotional neglect (β = 0.020) with depression and also among the components of anger. Feeling angry with (0.122) = β; Anger thinking (β = 0.461) and anger behavior (β = 0.131) were significantly associated with depression. As a result, one can point to the psychoanalytic view of the important role of childhood trauma as well as the internalized anger in developing depressive disorder.

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of dyadic perspective-taking and fear of intimacy with  attachment styles and marital conflicts. The design and the method of study was descriptive correlation and structural equation modeling, respectively. The statistical population was married men and women referred to counseling  and psychological centers of Shiraz City who at least two years had passed since their marriage in 1400 . By using purposive sampling 100 couples (200 individuals) were selected . Adult attachment, fear of intimacy, dyadic perspective-taking (DPTS) and marital conflict (MICQ) questionnaires were used for research and the results were analyzed by path analysis and structural equations using Smartpls3 statistical software. Findings showed that the proposed model has a good fit and the dyadic perspective-taking and fear of intimacy can play a mediating role between attachment styles and marital conflicts. According to the effects of marital conflict on couples, families and society, identifying the important variables can provide the basis for planning to prevent and treat marital conflicts and it seems that dyadic perspective-taking and fear of intimacy are including factors affecting marital conflicts.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on commitment and acceptance in improving the maladaptive beliefs of patient with social anxiety due to the role of moderating emotional regulation. Patients in this study were two women with social anxiety that ACT was applied to them. Prior to initiation of treatment, from both patients, step-by-step evaluation was performed as the baseline. Initial treatment was also performed at sessions 4, 6, and 8 again, and afterwards, one month follow up was also performed. The follow-up evaluation was carried out to examine the status of the dependent variables. In order to investigate the trend of changes in the base line, intervention and follow-up of Jones's irrational beliefs questionnaire was used. In order to analyze the data, visual analysis of the graphs including surface interpretation, trend and function variability during the baseline conditions and treatment were used. The results showed that cognitive therapy based on admission and commitment improves the irrational beliefs such as emotional control and helplessness toward change in patient with social anxiety due to the role of moderating emotional regulation. The results of this study show the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on admission and commitment in improving the incoherent beliefs of people with social anxiety due to the role of regulating emotional moderators.

The aim of the present investigation is to study the cognitive model of Rapee and Heimberg in explaining shyness. In the same vein, the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation and social-physique anxiety in the relationship between body image and Self-Focused Attention with shyness was investigated. Statistical population included all students studying at Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2019-2020, among them, 222 people were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Focus of attention questionnaire, Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, Social physique anxiety scale, Cheeck-Briggs Shyness scale, and Body Image Rating Scale. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results revealed that that the variables of fear of negative evaluation and social-physique anxiety play a mediating role in the relationship between body image and focus of attention with shyness. In the face of social situations, a kind of mental representation of appearance is formed in the person that becomes the focus of attention, also attention is paid to the negative evaluation of others, and finally the anxiety caused by these two sources increases shyness, in other words, the cognitive processes of Rapee and Heimberg conceptual model of social anxiety also play a role in explaining shyness.

Marital intimacy is the cause of couples bonding and improving the quality of marital life and its absence or diminution is a key factor in a couple's tendency to separate. In Iran, this phenomenon is like a lost child who needs to be found. Therefore, the aim of this study is to find components of marital intimacy in long-term marriages. This study was conducted qualitatively with grounded theory approach. Information, until data saturation is reached, was obtained through semi-structured interviews with 11 intimate couples who were selected in a purposive and criterion-based manner. The obtained data were analyzed through open, axial and selective coding. Data analysis led to a key subject titled “marital intimacy: an process from the inside out” which its framework included twelve components of “effective personality”, “differentiation”, “secure marital attachment”, “pleasant marital cohabitation”, “family-religious teachings”, “intellectual maturity”, “conscious marriage”, “socio-economic issues”, “children and transition to parenthood”, “constructive couple interactions”, “instrumental and emotional support of the spouse”, and “improving the quality of marital life”. The results of this study help many educational and medical centers to develop training packages and necessary programs for couples and families, taking into account the identified factors. In addition, educating couples about these factors will prevent the breakdown and severance of marital relations and increase happiness and quality of marital life.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between dark triad of personality and cold empathy mediated by cognitive-emotional theory in individuals with symptoms of borderline personality disorder. The present study is an applied study with a descriptive-survey nature. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all students with symptoms of borderline personality disorder in the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in 2019-2020. Based on the available sampling method, 115 people were selected for the final analysis by obtaining a cut-off score in the Borderline Personality Disorder Questionnaire. In order to collect data, Borderline Personality Questionnaire, Quadruple Dark Personality Questionnaire , Bahr Empathy Scale , Slip Detection Test and Adult Form of Revised Eye Test were used. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between dark personality traits and cold empathy; however, there is a significant relationship between dark personality traits and emotional and cognitive mind theory and dark personality traits have an indirect effect on cold empathy through mediation of emotional and cognitive mind theory. Based on the findings, it is inferred that the ability of mind theory can be used to influence the empathy of people with dark personality traits.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Emotional-Social Competence Questionnaire and the relationship between its components and emotional quotient. The research method was validation and correlation. For this purpose, a sample of 311 students was selected. The statistical population included all graduate students (PhD students) of Tehran universities in the academic year 2019-2020. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster. Emotional-social competence and emotional quotient questionnaires were completed by the participants. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, two methods of Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown; to determine its validity, content validity and construct validity of confirmatory factor analysis were used. The results showed that the correlation of emotional-social competence with emotional quotient subscales is significant and positive. The calculation of internal consistency for emotional-social competence in the present study also yielded an alpha of 0.85 and a Spearman-Brown of 0.8. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the 45-item form of the Emotional-Social Competence Questionnaire in Iranian graduate students has sufficient validity and reliability.

The aim of this study was to explain the problem of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) based on type D personality traits and hormonal dysfunction mediated by lifestyle. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included women of childbearing age 25 to 35 years old living in Tehran located in region one in year 2020.By Using available sampling method, 207 women were selected as the sample. The research instruments were: Denollet (1998) personality type D questionnaire, Lali et al.'s lifestyle questionnaire (2012) and daily record of severity of problems chart of Endicott (1996). The results of structural equation analysis showed that hormonal dysregulation and type D personality traits mediated by lifestyle have a significant indirect effect on PMS. The results of the present study indicated that type D personality traits, hormonal dysregulation and lifestyle are significant explanators of PMS, so it seems that paying attention to the role of these variables in the evaluation and treatment of psychological symptoms of PMS is helpful.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of value-based behavioral activation on posttraumatic growth and hope in mothers of children suffering cancer. The method of this research was descriptive and quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the study includes all mothers aged 20 to 45 years who have a child with cancer in the neonatal age range up to 14 years and in the second half of 1399 were treated at Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran. The research sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, 12 sessions 30-minute VBA were performed virtually in Nikpour and Shamsaee (2019). Tedeschi and Calhoun (1996) and Schneider (1991) post-traumatic growth questionnaires were administered. Hypotheses were analyzed using ANCOVA and MANCOVA. The results showed that the value-based behavioral activation intervention by identifying and prioritizing values and acting according to them and using techniques such as contentment, interruption and surrender, had an impact on post-traumatic growth and hope of mothers with children with cancer. Therefore, the use of this model as a support program in medical centers for cancer patients is recommended.

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine the effectiveness resilience training on quality of life, coping strategies and mental health of the elderly living in Mehr Tabriz nursing home. This semi-experimental study was conducted using pre-test and post-test with control group. Using Critical sampling, 50 people were selected as a sample were selected among elderly living in Home for the Aged in Tabriz, and were randomly assigned in experimental and control groups. The experimental group 7 weeks of resilience training, while control group did not received any intervention. Data were collected through Andler and Parker (1990) coping strategies, World Health Organization (1996) quality of life and mental health Goldberg and Hiller (1979) questionnaires in pre-post test. The results of data analysis by multivariate covariance showed that resilience training was effective in increasing the quality of life, adjusting coping strategies and promoting mental health of the elderly living in Mehr Tabriz nursing home.There is a significant difference in quality of life, coping strategies and mental health between the two groups (p < 0.05). Therefore, the findings of this study have practical implications for the clinical situations that have been discussed.Keywords: resilience; Quality of Life; Coping strategies; mental health.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of strategic training thinking on motivational beliefs and perceptions of the classroom environment of elementary students.The research method was semi-experimental and its design was pre-test and post-test with control group. The population of the study consisted of all 5th grade elementary school students in Marand city. The sample group was selected using cluster random sampling. The subjects of this study were 64 people who were randomly assigned to the experimental group (32 persons) and control (32 persons). The intended educational content was a package of strategic training thinking and colleagues.The experimental group received 16 sessions of 50 minutes of strategic thinking instruction, and the control group did not receive any training on thinking and did not go through the normal course of the class. To measure students 'motivational beliefs, Pintrich and De Groot self-regulation self-regulation self-regulation questionnaires were used and the Perceptual Scale of the Jennetry, Gable and Riza classes was used to measure students' perceptions of the classroom environment. Motivational beliefs and perceptions of students' classroom environment were evaluated in two stages: pre-test and post-test. Research hypotheses were analyzed by covariance analysis The findings of the research showed that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of motivational beliefs and perceptions of students' classroom environment in the experimental and control groups. In general, it can be stated that thinking teaching to students can strengthen motivational beliefs and perceptions of their classroom environment

One of the major complications of the imposed war is the physical and psychological problems for the veterans and their spouses who are caring for them. Caring for them greatly affects the health and quality of life of their spouses. They contain a wide range of emotional disorders such as anxiety, depression, anger and so on. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion regulation training based on dialectical behavioral therapy on anxiety, depression and anger of veterans’ wives.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups. First, pre-test, then dialectical behavioral therapy emotion regulation model training and finally, post-test. In control group pre-test and post –test were performed. Finally, the results of the two groups were compared and the effect of the independent variables was evaluated.

The results showed a significant decrease in anxiety, depression and anger scores in the post-test, indicating the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy emotion regulation training in reducing these variables.

Nursing wives ‘veterans’ wives cause anxiety, depression and anger emotional problems and dialectical behavioral therapy training can play an important role s adjunctive therapy and rehabilitation along with medical treatments by reducing their effects.

The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of Spiritual and Cognitive Behavior Psycho Therapy on Obsessive Symptoms and Spiritual Health in Patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.This research was pretest‐posttest semi‐experimental with control group and one month follow-up. 69 non-hospitalized adult patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Roozbeh Hospital in 2019 were selected voluntary and divided randomly in three groups cognitive- behavioral therapy, spiritual therapy and control groups. Empirical groups members participated in 12 sessions psychotherapy. Before and after interventions and follow up stages, three groups completed Yale Brown Obsession Compulsion and spiritual health questionnaires. The data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software and covariance analysis method. The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and spiritual therapy were effective in reducing obsessive-compulsive Symptoms and in both dimensions of obsession and compulsion, spiritual therapy was more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy. Regarding spiritual health, both treatments were equally effective in increasing religious health and existential health, and no difference was observed between the two treatments.

Citizenship ethics is one of the essentials of modern life and its objective realization in the personal and social life shapes the development of social skills and competence and improvement of interpersonal relationships. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of citizenship ethics education on social competence, responsibility, empathy and problem solving ability in Ardebil high school girl students in the academic year 1-5. To this end, 2 high school girl students in Ardebil city in the academic year 2-5 were selected by multistage cluster sampling method and divided into experimental (n = 4) and control (n = n) groups. Subjects were randomly assigned so that the experimental group was exposed to citizenship ethics training for three sessions and the control group received no intervention. To measure the variables studied in two stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up, Prendin Social Adequacy Questionnaire, Di Zorilla Social Problem Solving Questionnaire and California Social Behavior Questionnaire were used. Data analysis showed that citizenship ethics training is effective in improving social competence and its components, social problem solving ability, commitment, responsibility and altruism (p≥0.05). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that citizenship ethics is a prerequisite for adapting to social change and underpins the formation of socially desirable behaviors so that individuals with citizenship ethics can improve social relationships and ensure psychological health.Keywords: Citizenship Ethics, Social Adequacy, Social Problem Solving, Commitment, Kindness, Responsibility.

aim of this study was compare effectiveness of the choice theory and acceptance and commitment on emotional processing, self-differentiation, body image and body fat mass index in overweight women.The method was quasi-experimental with three-group pretest-posttest design. The statistical population consisted of all overweight women in Tehran who referred to Tehran health centers From among them, several centers were randomly selected and 36 people were selected based on the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to the three groups. The first experimental group received choice theory with Glasser (2010) approach in 12 sessions of 60 minutes, the second experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy with Hayes et al (2013) approach in 12 60-minute sessions. The research instruments were Baker et al.'s (2010) Emotional Processing Scale, Tetleton et al.'s (2005) Tetris Questionnaire of Body Image. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and LSD post hoc test by SPSS25 software. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the dimensions of repression, unpleasant emotional experience, emotional symptoms of processing, avoidance, emotional control, dissatisfaction and embarrassment of their appearance and body fat mass index. (p < 0/05). The LSD post hoc test also showed that in order to improve the dimensions of emotional processing, the intervention based on choice theory was more effective than the treatment of acceptance and commitment.Based on the results of the present study, the use of new third wave therapies can be effective in improving the psychological status of overweight women.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of schema therapy on quality of life and marital satisfaction of men with emotional divorce. The research design was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population was married men in Tabriz in 1399, 30 of whom were selected by available sampling method, based on a questionnaire, of which 15 were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The quality of life questionnaires sf-36 Varosherborn (1992), Enrich Olson and Fournier (1989) Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire and Guttman (1994) Emotional Divorce were completed as a pretest by both groups. Then, the experimental group received 8 sessions of 1.5-hour schematic therapy according to the program of Young, Klasso and Wishar (2003) and the control group did not receive any program. Then post-test was performed for both groups. Data analysis based on analysis of covariance showed that treatment affects quality of life and its components except general health (physical function, role disorder due to physical health, general health, pain tolerance, vitality and vitality, role disorder due to emotional health, social function , Emotional well-being) and marital satisfaction and its components (marital satisfaction, communication, conflict resolution, ideal distortion) have a significant effect.. As a result, schema therapy can be used to improve quality of life, marital satisfaction in men with emotional divorce.

The aim of this study was to develop a model of structural equations to measure the direct and indirect relationship of wisdom based on Components of academic experiences through the mediation of components of Cognitive flexibility between the students of the University of Tehran. The method of current research is in the scope of descriptive-correlational design and the analysis method is structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study is included of all male and female postgraduate and doctoral students at the University of Tehran in 2009-2010 who were selected as the sample of the study. The sample size was 357 based on the minimum required subjects for the obvious variables in the model. The sampling method was random multi-stage cluster analysis. In order to collect data and measure research variables, Schmidt et al. (2012) Wisdom, Pace and Kouveh (2002) and Dennis and Vanderwall (2010) cognitive flexibility questionnaires were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-23 and AMOS-22 software. The research model was evaluated using the fitting indices of the structural equation model and the path analysis technique. Examination of correlation coefficients showed that academic experiences is able to directly predict wisdom and has a direct and significant effect. Determining the significance of the indirect effect also indicates that the Cognitive flexibility have a mediating role and its mediation share between the variables has been completely positive and significant., it can be concluded that the data to have a good fit with the research model

The World Health Emergency, following Quid 19, has had a number of impacts on communities. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of positive psychological interventions on post-traumatic growth and psychological distress. The study design was a quasi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with a control and follow-up group for 2 months. The statistical population of the study includes patients aged 25 to 55 years in Tehran who had 4 to 8 weeks of discharge and had symptoms of depression, anxiety and moderate stress (based on DASS-21 scores). By purposive sampling method, 30 people were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of experimental (15 people) and control (15 people). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 60 minutes of positive psychological interventions (individual and online). The research tools were Teschchi and Calhoun posttraumatic Growth Inventory (1996) and DASS_21 Psychological Distress. The results of data analysis through MANCOVA method showed that positive psychological interventions are effective in increasing posttraumatic Growth and reducing psychological distress and there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (P <0.001). Positive interventions are effective in increasing all components of posttraumatic Growth and reducing psychological distress after illness and the use of this model can be useful in psychological rehabilitation of the recovered

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of family atmosphere in predicting the emotional weakness of couples applying for divorce. This descriptive study is of correlational type. The statistical population of this study included all clients of divorce applicants in the city of Tabriz who referred to the Family Court and counseling and preventative divorce centers in 1397. From this population, using the formula N> 50 + 8m, 279 people were selected by available sampling method. In order to collect data, a short form of Family Fact Sheet (FES) questionnaire and Difficulty Scale for Thinking Gratz and Roemer (DERS) were used as a research tool. Pearson correlation test and multivariate regression test were used to examine the relationship between variables. In this study 138 (49.5%) males and 141 (50.5%) females were present. The mean and standard deviation of age of participants were 31.4 ± 8.9 in the range of 17 to 56 years old. The results of correlation coefficients showed that there was a negative correlation between the relationship and the survival of the family system with emotional maladjustment. There was no significant correlation between emotional growth and emotional development. The results of regression analysis showed that the relationship dimension with having the highest share had a high predictive role and predictive power for emotional regulation. Regarding the findings, it can be concluded that the relationship with having the highest share predicts three components of emotional regulation in couples applying for divorce.

Borderline personality organization is one of Kernberg's personality levels that is characterized by Diffused Identity and basic defense mechanisms such as spiliting. The present study aimed to explain the border personality organization based on the initial object relations and defense mechanisms. The research method was a descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all undergraduate and graduate students of Tehran universities in the academic year 2021-22, for this purpose, 412 of these students were selected using the available sampling method. In order to collect data, Participants completed the Object Relations Questionnaire, The Kernberg Personality Inventory Questionnaire (IPO), and Defense Mechanisms Scale (DSQ-40). Structural equation modeling was used. The results showed that object relations was directly explained 0.22% of the dispersion of the scores of Borderline Personality Organization and in addition, resilience was explained 0.38% of the borderline personality Organization . In addition, the results of this study, estimating the structural model in which the object relations as an independent variable and defense mechanisms were entered the model as mediator variables, showed that this model explains 0.22% of the borderline personality Organization. Therefore, this research can be concluded that the borderline personality organization is directly and indirectly was explained negatively by object relations through defense mechanisms.Keywords: Primary Object Relations, Borderline Personality Organization, Defense Mechanism,

Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CaCBT) is a newly introduced treatment for emotional disorders applied to enhance Cognitive behavioral therapy Cognitive (CBT) efficiency in non-Western cultures. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of CaCBT on the symptoms of emotional disorder in Iranian population. The present study was applied in terms of purpose, experimental in terms of data collection and single-case in research design. The statistical population was all students of the University of Tabriz in the year 2018-2019. The depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-42) were implemented on 335 students who enrolled in the study through the multilevel clustering method. Of them, 4 students were selected for the main intervention based on their higher scores in DASS-42. Then, the 8-session CaCBT (Naeem et al., 2015) was administered to both students and their families by two independent therapists. To assess the severity of symptoms, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used. The results indicated that CaCBT effectively and significantly changed the symptoms of emotional disorders (e.g. depression and anxiety), and the follow up scores were optimal. The effect sizes for all 4 participants were at least moderate (0.52). It was articulated that appropriate therapeutic protocols for the Iranian population could be developed and applied through changing or adapting traditional psychotherapies based on cultural and contextual components. Clinical and applied considerations of the CaCBT are discussed.

The purpose of this study is determine the current status of pre-school curriculum, with emphasis on the content of work guide books for educators in terms of addressing the dimensions and principles of the curriculum based on the brain. Content analysis method was used to determine the different dimensions of development and learning activities as well as the principles of the brain-based curriculum. Then, The amount of attention was extracted to each of the dimensions and principles in the content of these books through categorical content analysis. The statistical sample of this study are 12 volumes of the work book of the preschool educators. To analyze the results, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The findings show that the textbooks focus on physical and verbal aspects more than other dimensions and goals, and the principles of the brain-based curriculum are not uniformly distributed. The current state of addressing the brain curriculum is not appropriate in these books, and it is suggested that the content of the tutorial guidebooks be reviewed in this period, and we need to pay more attention to the principles of physiological involvement, interpersonal experiences and the unique nature of the brain, or individual differences in learning.

educational vivacity is one of the objective of educational systems and Islamic life skills training is known as important factor on mental health and compatibility of individual in confrontation with problems in educational life. In this spirit, the present research has been conducted in order to investigate the effect of Islamic life skills train on educational vivacity of students.

this research was an experimental investigation include pre-test, post-test, and control groups. Sample size included 66 participants from students of university of Sahand in 1397 where they were grouped into experimental group (33) and control (33) using accidental clustering method. The training of life skills was continued for 10 sessions at experimental group but the control group were not interacted. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis and ANCOVA Univariate method.

the results revealed a significant mean differences between control and experimental groups into educational resiliency.