پژوهشنامه جغرافیای انتظامی
پیاپی 37 (بهار 1401)

Today, Indefensible spaces are one of the most serious issues in"urban environments"in which the probability of crime"or"social"anomalies is higher.Therefore, the aim of the present study is to Identification and analysis Rate Risk Indefensible urban spaces Using geographic information system(Case study:Zahedan city).

The present research is of applied-developmental type and its research method is of descriptive-analytical type based on graphic methods.Therefore, in the city of Zahedan,42 places (Indefensible spaces)were identified through field surveying.Exploratory variables of the research include population and building density, income groups, quality of road network, physical quality of urban tissues, social cohesion of neighborhoods, land and building prices and land use.For information analysis GIS techniques such as mean center method, standard deviation ellipse, spatial autocorrelation have been used for spatial analysis and geographic weight regression method has been used to explain the correlation between variables.

The results showed that crime-prone spaces occur in places with a smaller extent and tend to focus in certain areas; thus, the number of these spaces decreases to the north and south.Also, Indefensible spaces have spatial autocorrelation and are distributed in clusters and unbalanced throughout the region.As a result, certain areas are the focus of the Indefensible spaces under study and follow a centralized pattern. Also, there is a significant relationship between the8 environmental variables studied by the research with Indefensible urban spaces in the Zahedan city.

Findings of the study showed that the distribution of crime-prone spaces in the city of Zahedan tends to concentration and density in a specific area.

Today,in geographical spaces, security and the tourism industry interact with each other. In fact, understanding the factors affecting the security of tourism destinations, especially religious tourism, is very important for the development of appropriate strategies in this area. The present study was conducted in this direction with the aim of investigating the level of pilgrims' sense of security in the geographical space of the holy city of Qom and its effects on the development of religious tourism in the city.The research method was mixed and with a descriptive approach was survey. The required data were obtained by two methods library (with the help of books, articles, Internet, etc.) and field (with the help of a questionnaire).The statistical population consists of all Iranian pilgrims in Qom on Nowruz 1398 and with a sample size of 265 people,a questionnaire has been distributed.The method of data analysis is descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Findings and finally the results of the research have shown that the highest average between the dimensions of tourists' sense of security belongs to moral security and the main insecurity that pilgrims feel in Qom is financial insecurity. Other results of this study are the inverse effect of direct and indirect insecurity experiences on tourist confidence and also the direct relationship between travel insecurity experience on trust and also the relationship between trust and religious tourists' sense of security. Finally, the inverse relationship between the feeling of security and environmental disorder has been confirmed by the authors of this article

One of the most important factors in creating the desired quality of urban design is "urban security". The concept of urban security refers to the protection of community members from dangers and pollution in the urban environment.The existence of a safe environment for living is one of the basic necessities and needs of human beings, along with other basic physiological needs of human beings. Therefore, quantitative and qualitative identification of indicators and factors affecting environmental characteristics and its impact on social security of citizens is essential.The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting security in Kooti neighborhood, which is one of the historical neighborhoods of Bushehr port. In this regard, the research has been done using deductive strategy and descriptive-analytical method, and the data collection has been done in the form of library study, field survey and using a questionnaire. Due to the current situation caused by the Covid-19 epidemic, the questionnaires were sent online to experts. The statistical population was selected using random sampling method from the citizens of Kooti neighborhood. These factors were classified into four groups: body, monitoring, activity and visual qualities. Each of these factors has variables that were analyzed in the study using SPSS and EXCELL software. Using ONE SAMPLE T-TEST test, it was concluded that the body index plays a more important role than other research indicators in establishing security in Kooti neighbourhood and in general, the level of citizens' satisfaction with the security of this neighborhood is low.

One of the characteristics of crises is the spread of their consequences to areas outside the crisis. The existence of homogeneous commonalities such as ethnicity in areas close to the crisis center affects the speed of its transfer to these areas. One of the crises that has affected the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran over the past thirty years at various levels of internal and national security is the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis. The authors ask the question, what are the consequences of the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis on the security of the northwestern provinces of the country? They have dealt with this issue. In response to this question, a hypothesis with the title that one of the most important security consequences of the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis in the study area has been the creation of a security environment in the mentioned provinces, have analyzed this issue. In this study, using the descriptive-analytical method, the Karabakh crisis was examined and the results showed that during the second Karabakh war due to ethnic provocations by countries in the region such as Azerbaijan and Turkey as well as foreign media regarding the delay of Iran as An Islamic country with a majority of Azeri ethnic groups in support of Azerbaijan has created a security atmosp. Given that the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis has not yet betburning under the ashes, it is necessary for policymakers to take appropriate measures to address this crisis. In this wappropriate to that crisis, the necessary prevention of security challenges will be done.

The priority of any city is to ensure the security of citizens living in that city. One of the reasons for the rapid development of smart cities is the possibility of monitoring citizens and ensuring their security. In this regard, the present research to Explanation and Analysis of Urban Security in the Framework of Smart Infrastructure and Facilities (Case study: Semnan City.( This research is a survey in terms of applied purpose and in terms of nature and method of research. The data required for the research were collected by documentary-field method (questionnaire and observation). SPSS software and Fuzzy AHP model were used to analyze the data. The results of regression analysis indicated that there is a significant relationship between the facilities and infrastructure of intelligence and security promotion in Semnan, at a level of confidence above (0.99). Also, the results of the path analysis test indicated that all 14 items studied, at the level of (P=0.000) (confidence percentage) are directly related to improving the security of Semnan. Furthermore, the results of one-way analysis of variance test indicated that due to the fact that the significance level is more than (0.05), it can be said with (0.95) confidence that among the areas of Semnan in terms of the impact of facilities and smart urban infrastructure and there is no significant difference in improving the security of Semnan. Finally, the results of the fuzzy AHP model for ranking each of the dimensions of security in the city of Semnan in the framework of facilities and infrastructure of intelligence indicated that economic security with a normalized weight of (0.432), have the highest rank. The results indicate that smart urban facilities and infrastructure have a significant impact on improving the security of Semnan.

Water crisis means water security, and water security is defined as the quantitative and qualitative sustainability of aquatic ecosystem services in the face of uncertain global change. The concept of resilience should be considered as a necessity in water resources management, because before this concept of water security only sought to meet the water needs by changing the environment, and this means ignoring the two-way relationship between human dynamics and nature and It is a threat to improving water insecurity in the world. Increasing population of Tehran, over-exploitation of groundwater resources, reduced rainfall and also lack of proper management of water resources, has put Tehran in a state of water shortage, so it is necessary to sustain the urban population. Tehran in the face of water crisis, the relationship between urban resilience, water vulnerability and population density to be explained. In this article, by reviewing the background of studies, effective indicators in population density and vulnerability of urban water and resilience are identified, then in order to explain the conceptual model using the classification of indicators derived from theoretical foundations and questionnaire design in three dimensions of factors Effective: urban resilience (dependent variable), urban water vulnerability (independent variable) and population density (mediating variable) and by examining the reliability and validity of divergence and convergence of the main components of the questionnaire by experts in urban planning and urban water of Tehran, coefficients Path, relationships between variables and their interactions were explained using structural equations and SPSS and Smart PLS software.