نشریه مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 66 (بهار 1401)

Since late 2019, the spread of the coronavirus in the world has led to extensive studies in various specialized areas, including medical and non-medical, to manage the disease. In this regard, the present study aimed to measure covid-19’s patients (coronavirus) perception of hospitalization space using environmental psychology in architecture. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. In order to conduct this research, according to the study of theoretical foundations related to environmental perception, a conceptual framework consisting of 23 environmental and physical factors in Imam Khomeini Hospital as a sample has been studied. Also, personal characteristics of each individual including age, gender and number of hospitalization days are known as individual and independent characteristics to analyze its effect on environmental preferences of Crohn's patients during hospitalization and each of the 23 factors as dependent variables. Then, according to each factor, a structured questionnaire was designed based on Likert's 5-point spectrum, and accordingly, by distributing pilot questionnaires and cluster sampling among 120 Chronologic patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, which has not been done for a maximum of two weeks from the time of hospitalization, data analysis was determined using exploratory factor analysis method, which three factors of "environmental and physical reading of treatment space in the inpatient space scale" were determined. "Physical and environmental reading in hospital scale" and "the effect of out-of-hospital spaces" have an effect on covid-19’s patients (coronavirus) perception of hospital spaces, each of which includes variables that need to be strengthened and improved to heal patients. Also, the relationship between these three variables was obtained and typology of how patients perceive hospital spaces was presented.

This study aims to familiarize and study the use of the Internet of Things in the city and its effects on improving the physical indicators of quality of urban life. The main purpose of this study is to improve the physical indicators of quality of urban life by smartening equipment and urban spaces. Research was conducted to find indicators that affect the quality of space, urban services and provide Internet of Things solutions to improve these indicators. In order to find the weaknesses in the quality of services and urban spaces of Ekbatan neighborhood, a comprehensive and complete analysis of the current situation of the neighborhood has been done. Residents and municipal officials were interviewed and a questionnaire was presented and completed on site. To evaluate the quality of urban life by residents, the structural equation modeling method was selected as the research methodology. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and Smart PLS software. In the end, the results confirmed the impact of the Internet of Things on the improvement of physical indicators of quality of urban life and showed that the Internet of Things improves service by connecting urban equipment to each other and using a unified system to establish a special order between them.

In order to institutionalize justice, urban management should pay attention to both decision-making processes (structural justice) and results and effects and consequences of development (distributive justice) and try to discover the structures and underlying layers that cause injustice and inequality in cities and examine distributional results from fair aspects. Or be unfair. Accordingly, the main purpose of this article is to evaluate spatial justice by emphasizing the role of urban management, based on which justice is examined in the light of decision-making processes (structural justice) and the effects and consequences of development (distributive justice(. Therefore, the concept and dimensions of justice and spatial justice, its evaluation methods and criteria that can be used to evaluate it in planning documents and traditions such as comprehensive urban plans and spatial distribution of development consequences, are among the topics considered in this study. are. The information and data of the GEC census of 2016 and the information of the uses collected by the Deputy of Urban Planning and Architecture of Urmia Municipality in 2021 have been used to study distributive justice and to collect the documents of the comprehensive plan to study structural justice. The most important findings of this study are the development of a framework for evaluating spatial justice in urban development programs (by qualitative discourse analysis with emphasis on the semiotic network of Ferdinand Dossussor) and the spatial distribution of development effects and consequences (using quantitative and spatial models in GIS) and institutionalization. It emphasizes the role of urban management. The results showed that the document of the comprehensive plan of Urmia in general has considered a very low and minimal level of justice and has considered this issue (justice) from less angles and the interpretation of the document of spatial justice is more focused on the physical dimension. Regarding the evaluation of distributive justice, it should be said that there are many inequalities between the regions and districts of Urmia in terms of spatial distribution and residents' access to different services and uses. In fact, the distribution of land uses and their distribution is not fair and they are often concentrated in the central areas, so the access of residents, especially in the suburbs, to services is very inadequate.

Urban design can be explained by different approaches. Common approaches in this field with emphasis on functional, aesthetic, perceptual, environmental, social and cultural aspects, offer a variety of processes and products that do not include all indicators of the Islamic city. From the perspective of the Islamic city, excellence and progress in all aspects of individual and social life have rules and regulations that are rooted in the principles and sub-principles of the religion and Islamic teachings. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the dimensions and characteristics of monotheistic urban design with emphasis on Islamic rules and ethics, which is done by the research method of interdisciplinary analysis and logical reasoning. The approach of monotheistic transcendence emphasizes the progress, transcendence and better life of human beings through urban design based on Islamic rules and ethics and citizenship rights and Islamic character. Adherence to Islamic rules and jurisprudential rules as one of the pillars of monotheistic urban design that adherence to them in design and development plans and actions, which must be determined with the cooperation of jurists and experts. Among the relevant jurisprudential rules in urban development plans are the harmless jurisprudential rules, domination, denial of mustache, guarantee and expediency. So that no rights of the actors involved in a program and plan, including the rights of God, the rights of the soul, the rights of other human beings and the rights of nature are violated. Adherence to these rules and principles both in the design pattern and in the design, execution and operation can lead to the realization of spaces and buildings at the Islamic level.

Since architecture means the created building, it is the direct crystallization of the mentality of human beings who first imagined it and then created and lived in it, the problem of understanding the building from knowledge of the mental can be achieved in three categories: conceived space, lived space and perceived space. In this study, focusing on the problem of explaining the mechanisms of creating human spaces based on the subjectivity, relying on Lefebvre's theory of the production of space, after explaining the components of the subjectivity and the trialectic nature of space in this theory, the interaction of the two with space users has been questioned. The goal is to providing solutions for the production and reproduction of the desired atmosphere of Iranians in the current era. Therefore, initially, the definitions and concepts are questioned and then the extracted components are studied in the field and tested. The philosophical paradigm of research is interpretivism and the research approach is quantitative. Given that the movement of research moves from the acceptance of a theory to the gathering of data from the studied samples, the logic of reasoning is deductive. In this study, the latent or invisible factors, which represent the subject here, are determined based on a set of observable variables, here which is Lefebvre spatial trialectics, and the variance between the dependent variables (latent factors) is determined according to the correlation between the independent variables. The method of data analysis is confirmatory factor analysis. Finding results show that in response to research questions about what are the components of spatial trialectics as well as the elements of the subject matter and how they interact in the production and consumption of space, in the lived experience of eight important contemporary cultural buildings in Tehran, between obvious, visible and tangible variables and factors Hidden in the process of creating space, there is a convergence relationship, and based on the analyzed data, most people have emphasized these factors as the shaping elements of the mentality in the three moments of producing lived, perceived and imagined space.

The process of rapid urbanization in the world, especially in developing countries, and how to deal with globalization is one of the most important issues that has posed a serious challenge to Iran's urban development. One of the models to face this challenge is to deepen the increase of social capital in the society. This has led to urban planning in Iran in the past decades has not been able to meet the challenges of globalization and has become completely under its control. This study seeks to explain the role of urban development programs in terms of attention to the concept of social capital in the face of globalization and specifically answer the question of how the negative effects of globalization can be mitigated in urban programs by strengthening social capital The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical with a combined approach (quantitative and qualitative) and its unit in the qualitative dimension is the use of experts and managers in the field of urban planning in Tehran and in a quantitative dimension using the Cochran's formula, 356 people, have been questioned. Also, the basic document in this research is the latest comprehensive plan of Tehran.Findings show that urban programs in the face of two types of social capital "Bonding" and "Bridging", has led to an increase in social capital Bonding. By choosing a participatory approach, they can strengthen the Bridging social capital at various levels and undermine the negative consequences of globalization

Earthquake is a phenomenon, a natural phenomenon that itself can not have the ability to crash. Accurate preparation and planning to estimate vulnerability and control and reduce earthquakes can be a determinant of degree of crisis. Resilience as the ability of the urban system to withstand crises is a way to strengthen human societies.The city of Ilam is located in a large seismic zone in western Iran and has fourteen urban areas. Based on the necessity of the subject, the above hypothesis is proposed that there is a difference and inequality between the urban areas of Ilam in terms of earthquake resilience.The above research method is a combination of descriptive-analytical and case study methods There are differences and inequalities between urban areas of Ilam in terms of earthquake resilience. Which has been done using Multivariate and Hierarchical AHP Technique and multivariate regression analysis with the help of GIS and SPSS software And has analyzed the spatiality of Ilam city. The results of the research have shown that based on the average risk-aversion calculation in Ilam city, the AHP model was equal to 0/281 percent. That is the whole area of one and two cities of Ilam includes areas of one-one, one-two, one-three, one-four and one-two and one and two have the highest levels of resilience and in contrast to almost all areas in zone three and four, the degree of resilience was less than the average of the total city of Ilam. And of the seven variables studied, educational spaces and green spaces are most affected in the summer of the city. Significance in the present study is less than 0.05 Which indicates the significance of regression analysis And the average results of the models confirm the research hypothesis. Also, residential buildings located in areas two-1, three-2 have the most resilience And residential buildings located in areas 4-2 and 3-3 have the lowest resilience.

The social life of city dwellers is strongly influenced by urban life style. This topic can be explored from different aspects. From the main assumptions of such studies it can be referred to a basic principle which can result to a lively and a high-quality life in a safe environment which will result to a vibrant life and increases people's sense of happiness and satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to measure the satisfaction of citizens affected by different dimensions of a quality of life style among the residents of the fifteen districts of Isfahan. The present study is a descriptive-survey type and a questionnaire was applied to collect data. The sample size was calculated using Krejcie-Morgan table collected from 400 people and TOPSIS logic was used to analyze the data. Findings of this study show that among the factors affecting the dimensions of quality of life, district 5 (regions 4,5,6) with an index of 0.938578 is in the first place, district 4 (regions 1,3) with an index of 0.753095 in the second place, district 1 (regions 8,11) with an index of 0.737805 in the third place, district 3 (regions 2,9,13,15) with Index of 0.378396 is in the fourth rank and finally district 2 (regions 7,10,12,14) with index of 0.075759 is in the last rank in terms of quality of life satisfaction.