نشریه پژوهش های جغرافیای سیاسی
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 25، بهار 1401)

Studying the geopolitical history suggests that it has been discussed together with such concepts as war, competition, and sovereignty, mainly because the traditional geopolitics nations always seek to made conquest and domination over other countries. It means that the traditional geopolitics presents the viewpoint of world powers. Since 1945, the governing idea over international systems has been relied upon preventing nations from starting a new world war. However, in the contemporary world, the emergence of modern physical and spiritual demands of human beings, like living in peace, has increased the importance of human liberality to stop armed struggle and war. Research findings suggest that, unlike the past, geopolitics could be taken into account as a way to bring about peace in the contemporary world. Therefore, the modern geopolitics together with international human being interests and introducing people’s index has suggested new fields as environmental, critical, and resistance geopolitics. Using a historical approach, the present research aimed to study the geopolitical concepts of peace together with changes in its course from geopolitical concepts of war to peace. In this regard, the geopolitical concept of peace specifically seeks to achieve such objectives as introducing changes in missions, structures and functions of international organizations, increasing regionalism processes, strengthening peace as well as world’s justice discourses, international fighting against terrorism, designing philanthropic interferences, maintaining world’s human rights, decreasing human afflictions, etc. So, it suggests that the world power should be formed and organized based on the aforementioned concepts. The present analytical-descriptive research is a basic study in terms of purpose. Data were collected through a library method.

multidimensional phenomenon and is influenced by numerous factors and different areas. Among these factors are the economic factors. As a source of insecurity in society; Such as ft, social disorders, moral corruption, smuggling of fuel and Commodity, drug trafficking and.... is Economic problems. Area of South-East Iran is As one of the regions that it has some of problem in regarding security issues and Many of these problems are rooted in the economic development of the region.The method of this study was qualitative based on analytical-descriptive method, in which based on library studies, the required information and data carried out and integrated using two methods include subject and content analysis of the library, internet and other resources and studies. The main question of the study was An expansion in South-East Iran Especially economic development What impact has increased security in the region? The hypothesis of the study was it seems that by With increasing levels of economic development in Area of South-East Iran and resolution Economic problems in the region

The structure of political organization of space and political divisions in Iran, by influencing the emergence and dominance of the center-periphery pattern, has caused the marginal regions of the country, along with increasing deprivation and underdevelopment, to suffer from spatial, political and social rapture with other parts of the country over the last few decades. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to identify the main problems of political organization and administrative-territorial organization in Iran affected by the model of a unitary centralized governance system. This study seeks to answer the question: What are the most important challenges and problems affected by the unitary centralized governance structure for the organization and administrative-territorial organization of the country? According to the results of this study, the most important problems of political organization of space in Iran are; Ignorance of spatial-geographical justice, weak national development, infiltration of informal factors, formation of inappropriate administrative-managerial structure, weakness in the formation of national solidarity and structural unity and geographical homogeneity, extreme political-spatial centralism in the center and insufficient attention to geographical-human quality factors in political organization of space. This is an applied study and tries to provide an efficient pattern of political organization and territorial-administrative organization for the country with a descriptive-analytical method. According to the results, it seems that the "unitary decentralized or unitary regional governance-territorial model" is more compatible with the natural and human conditions of Iran and can to a large extent solve the problems of the current system of political divisions in Iran.

Regional integration takes place in different parts of the world that trade unions are one of them. Foreign trade as the engine of development has made it widely welcomed by countries involved in economic development. The Eurasian Customs Union is now the newest and most important convergence process in the post-Soviet region, years after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the various experiences of convergence experienced by post-Soviet countries. The Eurasian Customs Union was established in 2010 and entered the Eurasian Economic Union in 2015 The expansion of the globalization phenomenon of economies has made the relations and cooperation of countries in the interest of being in the form of regional cooperation put on the agenda of many developing countries, especially Iran. Interaction with the Eurasian Economic Union has made Iran eager to provide the necessary background for preferential trade and economic integration. This study attempts to imply Iran's position in interacting with the Eurasian region with economic propositions. Given that negotiations are under way between the Iranian government and the union over the signing of the Free Trade Agreement, which could have implications for the country; the importance of understanding the ongoing process is doubled.

The countries of Iran and Russia have long been two important poles on both sides of the Caspian Sea, which are located in the heartland and rimland regions of the world. The geopolitical and geostrategic importance of the mentioned countries compared to other countries in the region has caused them to play a more dynamic role in the political equations of Central Asia and the Caucasus. Since today the factor of geopolitical power and weight has become doubly important in international relations and Russia is considered as a global power and Iran as a regional power; Two countries always use these factors in their relations to apply their policies. Hans Morgenth's theory of realism, which emphasizes the balance of power and the role of the power agent, is proof of this claim. This article tries to analyze the geopolitical relations between Iran and Russia after the Islamic Revolution with a descriptive analytical method and from the perspective of the balance of power theory. Therefore, the results of the research indicate that, just as Morgenth emphasizes the factor of power and national interests as the most important indicator in international relations, Russia always maintains all its political relations with Iran, especially in the issues of the Central Asia-Caucasus-Shamat region. And the JCPOA has been formulated in line with its national interests and has used its tactical relations with Iran based on strategic goals to increase its geopolitical power and weight. But it seems that decision makers in the field of foreign relations pay more attention to these factors.

Having established the Achaemenian Empire by Cyrus the Great in southwestern Iran, the Persians managed to found the most vigorous government which had been established by that time and defeated most of the civilizations of ancient western Asia. The triumph of Egypt was one of Cyrus’ aims and his son, Cambyses, succeeded in conquering Egypt. Cambyses successor, Darius the Great began to do some political, cultural, economic, and religious proceedings to supervise the satrapies, especially in Egypt. These actions cause the Egyptian texts to entitle him as a great and legitimate legislator. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Political proceedings of Darius the Great, and the fact that the Darius’ Policies evaluate in the Egypt satrapy to find the Darius duty in managing of satrapy based on the comparison of the existed old and new documents. All these arguments lead to the conclusion that Darius the Great was one of the great kings of ancient times who had got the individual ingenuity in controlling the satrapies.