نشریه ورزش و علوم زیست حرکتی
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 22، پاییز و زمستان 1398)

Vitamin D supplementation is associated with inducing physiological skeletal muscle responses and improving performance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of vitamin D supplementation on biomotor components and liver inflammatory factors in female futsal player's deaf national team.

For this purpose,16 female futsal players deaf national team (age 25.50±3 years, height 154.95±3 cm, weight 57.58±3 kg and BMI 24.11±1 kg/m2) were selected and were randomly divided into two groups supplementation (n=8) and placebo (n=8). Subjects took vitamin D and placebo 120 minutes before the activity in a double-blind manner. Subjects were tested for maximal leg strength, anaerobic and aerobic power, speed, agility and 5cc of fasting blood from the anticubital vein before and after the tests. The training program included of continuous, plyometric, resistance and specific training. Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using.

According to the results of ANCOVA, there was a significant difference between the mean residual scores of vitamin (ng/ml), leg strength (kg) and ergoujmp (power) in groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the mean scores of aerobic power, speed, ALT, AST, ALPH (P≥0.05).

Findings indicate an increase in serum vitamin D (19ng/ml). The most favorable outcome of the present study is that vitaminD levels are critical for skeletal muscle function. Maintaining the optimal level of vitamin D prevents the occurrence of liver inflammatory factors caused by the destruction of muscle tissue. Therefore, athletes should be evaluated 25(OH)D during the year, in case of supplementation problems.

The increase of proteins related to blood supply in the hippocampus tissue following swimming exercise can probably prevent the occurrence of brain diseases such as Alzheimer's. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of eight weeks swimming exercise training on VEGF-A and FGF-2 levels of hippocampus tissue and Lee's Index in male Wistar Rats.

16 male Rats, divided randomly into 2 groups (swimming exercise training and control). Swimming training group exercised for 8 weeks, 5 consecutive days per week for 60 minutes in water with 32±2˚C of temperature. for evaluation of VEGF-A and FGF-2 Levels used from Elisa Method, To measure Lee's index from height and weight measurements and for hypothesizes test used from Independent T Student, Mann - Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests in level of p≤0.05.

Results show that eight weeks swimming training cause significant increase in VEGF-A (P=0.002) and FGF-2 (P=0.000) in hippocampus tissue compare to control group. Furthermore Eight weeks Swimming training cause significant decrease in Lee's index and improvement of mass index in Rats (P=0.012).

Results of this study show that eight weeks swimming exercise training cause increase on effective angiogenic factors in hippocampus tissue and improvement of mass index in male Wistar Rats

In order to identify the capabilities of Zorkhaneh sports for the development of this sport at the world and Olympic levels, it is necessary to conduct research on a group of talented athletes who are at a higher level of performance than their peers. So, the purpose of this study was to compare some of the anthropometric, physiological, and psychological characteristics of novice and professional athletes in zurkhaneh, South Khorasan.

For this purpose, 12 professional (age: 22.58 ± 2.6; height: 175.65 ± 7.46 cm; weight: 66.88 ± 8.38 kg) and 12 athletes of zurkhaneh beginner in Birjand (age: 20.58 ± 1.93 years; height: 175.88 ± 6.97 cm; weight: 79.97 ± 15.26 kg) were compared. The anthropometric variables (height, weight, hip and leg length, body mass index, arm span, thigh and legs circumferences); physiological variables (handgrip, chest and back muscle strength, aerobic power, lower and upper body anaerobic power, muscular endurance, double-sided standing balance, flexibility); and psychological variables were evaluated in several separate sessions in both groups. The independent T-test was used for data analysis.

There was no significant difference between the two groups in any of the anthropometric and psychological indicators (p>0.05). Among the physiological indices, there was a significant difference between the two groups of zurkhaneh athletes in hand grip (P=0.303) and back muscles strength (P=0.014); VO2max (P=0.024); Semi-dynamic left balance (P=0.04) and right (P=0.044); and muscular endurance (P=0.001), and professional athletes were better than novice. However, there was no significant difference between groups in chest muscle strength (P=0.069), upper (P=0.808) and lower (P=0.988) anaerobic power. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed between groups in the psychological characteristics (p>0.05).

According to the research findings, physiological factors may be more important than other indicators in distinguishing between novice and professional zurkhaneh athletes and in the process of talent identification in this field can be selected. Due to the high score in six psychological skills, both groups of zurkhaneh athletes were also well mentally prepared.

Although the beneficial role of exercise in the health of patients with Alzheimer's (AD) has been reported, the mechanism of these effects on neuronal function in these patients is still not well understood. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and exercise in motor enriched environment (RE) on the expression of irisin and adiponectin proteins in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's rats.

In this experimental study, 25 rats were divided into (1) control, (2) sham (Sh), (3) streptozotocin Alzheimer's model (AD) (4) high intensity interval training (HIIT) and (5) Exercises in motor enriched environment (RE). The HIIT group trained for eight weeks, five sessions per week and each session in 90 seconds practice in 9interval with an intensity of 85% of maximum speed, and the RE group were placed in especially motor enriched cages. In order to confirm the Alzheimer's model, thioflavin staining was used. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’ s post-hoc test was used for data analysis (P≤0.05).

The RE exercises significantly increased in irisin levels compared to the Alzheimer's group (P=0.0009), HIIT exercises resulted in no significant change in irisin levels. None of the training methods caused significant changes in adiponectin level (P>0.05).

Activity in an enriched motor environment through the irisin mechanism has more desirable effects in reducing AD symptoms

Diabetes is an inflammatory disease caused by long-term imbalance of the immune system, metabolic syndrome and excess energy associated with obesity. In addition to its role in the prevention of diabetes, exercise also helps in the treatment of diabetes and significantly improves insulin sensitivity and diabetes-related health disorders with minimal side effects.

In this research, which was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design, 23 obese women with diabetes were selected as an available sample and trained randomly in two groups using a one-way blind design. Combined exercise and cinnamon consumption (12 people, height 154.17±4.69, weight 75.45±6.62, body mass index 31.7±1.7) and combined exercise and ginger consumption (11 people, height 154.45±4.03, weight 75.18±6.09, body mass index 1.56± 31.46) were placed. The people who were in the ginger consumption group received 1500 mg of ginger rhizome powder daily for eight weeks, and the people who were in the cinnamon consumption group received cinnamon capsules according to the same plan. Both groups performed resistance training and aerobic interval training (running) with an intensity of 75-85% of maximum heart rate for eight weeks, three sessions per week. The indicators were measured 48 hours before the first training session and after eight weeks of training to determine changes in glucose, insulin and insulin resistance index. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to check the mean difference of the desired variables. A significance level of α ≤ 0.05 was considered.

No significant difference was observed between the changes in the glucose in the studied groups (P>0.05), but a significant decrease was observed in the insulin and insulin resistance in the group of combined exercises and cinnamon compared to the group of combined exercises and ginger. (P = 0.0001).

According to the results of this research, it seems that resistance-aerobic exercises and cinnamon consumption show better efficiency for improving glycemic indices.

Bone metabolism is regulated by adipose tissue through the secretion of adipocytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise combined with ketogenic diet on serum levels of osteocalcin and leptin in middle-aged men with metabolic syndrome.

The current research is semi-experimental. 40 men with metabolic syndrome were selected as research subjects. Then the research subjects were randomly divided into four groups included control (n=10), aerobic exercise (n=10), ketogenic diet control (n=10) and aerobic exercise combined with ketogenic diet control (n=10). The aerobic training protocol was a 45-minute period of aerobic exercise for middle-aged men with metabolic syndrome with intensity of 60-70% of maximal heart rate of aerobic exercise was selected with a sequence of 3 sessions per week for 12 consecutive weeks. Also, prescribed diets focused on carbohydrate consumption (by limiting the amount of carbohydrate consumption to 30-40 grams per day) and there was no restriction on the daily calorie intake and the type of fat consumed or the concentration of cholesterol in the diet. Post-test blood sampling of subjects in all three groups was done three days after the last training session.

The results showed a significant change in osteocalcin levels in the exercise (P=0.019) and exercise with diet control (P=0.004) groups and also a significant change in leptin levels in the exercise (P=0.01) and the exercise group with diet control (P=0.01) groups.

The participation of patients with metabolic syndrome in an aerobic exercise program combined with ketogenic diet control can play a much better role in improving metabolic disorders and bone metabolism than using these interventions alone.