نشریه ورزش و علوم زیست حرکتی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 23، بهار و تابستان 1399)

 Obesity is the effectiveness factor of blood vessels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks high intensity circuits’ resistance training and interval and continues of ginger supplementation on the levels of fibrinogen, platelets, hematocrit and hemoglobin of obese women.

 In order to, 44 obese women (age: 30.11±6.45 years and BMI 31.60±3.99 kg/m2) were selected and randomly divided in four groups of resistance training+placebo (n=11)، resistance training+continues ginger supplementation (n=11)، resistance training+interval ginger supplementation (n=11) and resistance training (n=11). Groups of training were performed of protocol of high intensity circuits resistance training, for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. Supplementary groups, used capsules of containing 500 mg ginger supplement and the placebo group were similarly taking capsules containing starch daily in two meals in the morning and at night after meals in a double-blind manner. Blood samples were collected pretest and 48 hours after the last exercise session 12-hour fasting state. Paired sample t test and repeated measures of analysis of variance were used to analysis the data at significant level of P<0.05.

 The results showed that effect of time on the research variables was significant, and the interaction effect of group and time was not significant in any of the variables, and therefore, none of the exercise and supplement interventions hadn’t significant effect on the variables of fibrinogen, platelets, hemoglobin, and hematocrit of blood.

 There are several mechanisms related to the effect of exercise on blood and plasma viscosity. Fibrinogen binds red blood cells to each other and to the vessel wall and increases blood viscosity. It seems that performing eight weeks of circuit resistance training with interval and continuous supplementation of ginger cannot significantly change the blood fibrinogen and hemoglobin index in obese women.

The new coronavirus pandemic has killed thousands of people, and most countries are affected by this disease, so the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the amount of physical activity and the severity of the effects of the Covid-19 disease on people who have this disease.

The statistical population of this study included all people infected with the disease of covid-19 in Shahrekord. Among them, there are 178 (86 men ages 44.7±4.76 years, height 173.5±7.34 cm and weight 85.7±5.65 kg and 92 women ages 38.4±5.14 years, height 157.3±6.8 cm, weight 71.3± 4.5 kg) questionnaires (Beck Questionnaire and Disease Severity Questionnaire) were completed and analyzed. To analyze the data, used Pearson's correlation coefficient test with a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that the level of physical activity has an inverse and significant relationship with the severity of the effects of the Covid-19 disease on people, so that people, who were more sedentary, had a greater severity of the disease and those who had regular and moderate physical activity The disease had a much lesser effect, and due to the increase in the intensity of professional physical activity, we saw a certain increase in the effect of the disease on people.

According to the results obtained from this research, physical exercise can be useful for the defense of the whole body and may be considered as one of the preventive measures against the consequences of viral infection of the respiratory system.

Cardiac response to body core temperature variation measured with the very low-frequency parameter of heart rate variability. The aim of this study was to investigate the variability of very low frequency due to different temperatures of aerobic training in water and dry.

40 academic active male were selected as research subjects. Then, all subjects were randomly divided into different groups of research (control=10; aerobic training on a treadmill=10; aerobic training in water with normal temperature=10 and aerobic training in hot water=10). In the pre-test and after the intervention, the parameter of very low frequency was measured using a heart rate monitor Holter. In order to compare differences in the research stages, analysis of variance in repeated measures was used.

The results of this study showed that compared with control group, performing 21 consecutive days aerobic exercise in drought conditions at 20°C significantly increased in values of low-frequency waves (P=0.02) and very Low frequent (P=0.04). Performing aerobic exercise in water at 29°C in values of low frequency waves (P=0.21) and very low frequency (P=0.35) and water at 39 ° C in values of low frequency (P=0.18) and very low frequency (P=0.41) does not change significantly.

In conditions of dry aerobic exercise due to sweating, surface and the central temperature reduced and the heart rate variability increased. The condition of the aquatic environment and different water temperatures do not have significant effect on heart rate variability.

One of the concerns of professional athletes is to increase their performance. In intense activities, the rapid exhaustion of energy and the increase of lactic acid accumulation are among the factors of performance reduction during a period of competition. The purpose of this study was comparing the effect of eight weeks of combined training and caffeine supplementation on anaerobic capacity, fatigue index, aerobic capacity and foot strike speed of elite female taekwondo athletes.

The present study was a semi-experimental and applied study with a pre-test and post-test research design. The statistical population of the research consisted of elite female taekwondo athletes of Karaj city, 28 subjects were selected as samples and divided into two groups: 1) combined exercise and 2) caffeine supplement + combined exercise in groups of 14 people. T-correlated statistical and ANOVA tests were used to investigate the differences within groups and between groups.

The results of the correlated t-test showed that the mean of the pre-test and post-test of the subjects were significantly different in all indicators [(Aerobic endurance in the combined exercise group with caffeine consumption, P=0.003), (Aerobic endurance in the combined exercise group without caffeine consumption, P=0.005) and (indicators of foot strike speed, anaerobic power and fatigue in both group, P=0.000)] and the athletes' performance was better in the post-test. The results of the ANOVA test showed that only the average of foot strike speed was significantly different between the two groups, and taekwondo athletes in the combined training + caffeine performed better than combined training alone group.

Since improving even a small amount of physical and functional variables is important for elite athletes, it is recommended to use caffeine supplements along with sports training.

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in plasma parathyroid hormone levels, which leads to an increase in negative and destructive effects on the organism and a decrease in muscle function. The present study was conducted with the aim of the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the hormonal and functional changes of elite deaf national team female futsal players.

For this purpose,16 female football players deaf national team (age 26.20±3 years,height 155.15±3 cm, weight 56.68±2 kg and BMI 23.61±1 kg/m2)were selected and were randomly divided into two groups supplementation (n=8) and placebo (n=8). Subjects took vitamin D and placebo 120 minutes before the activity in a double-blind manner. Subjects were tested for maximal leg strength, anaerobic and aerobic capacity, speed, agility and 5cc of fasting blood from the anticubital vein before and after the tests. The training program included of continuous, plyometric, resistance and specific training. Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of covariance (P≤0.05).

According to the results of ANCOVA, there was a significant difference between the mean residual scores of vitamin D, leg strength and ergojump in groups (P≤0.05). There was no significant difference between the mean scores of aerobic power, speed, parathyroid, Calcium (P≥0.05). Findings indicate an increase in serum vitamin D (19.58 ng/ml) in supplementation group than control (P≤0.05).

The most favorable result of the current research is that the optimal level of vitamin D is vital for the optimal functioning of skeletal muscle. Therefore, maintaining (OH)D-25 levels can accelerate recovery for muscle power generation during intense exercise. Athletes should be evaluated throughout the year and supplemental assistance should be provided in case of problems.

Massage and dry cupping are two pre-competition modalities that are used to help improve athletes’ performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pre-exercise massage and dry cupping on selected skill-related fitness components, and psycho-cognitive functioning in athletes.

Twelve male athletes (age: 22.25±1.8 years, weight: 84.2±14.8 kg, height: 1.8±0.1 m) volunteered to participate in this study. In a Quasi-experimental randomized counterbalanced crossover design, they performed three test sessions at the same time of day, one week apart: after dry cupping, after massage, and after no intervention. Ten minutes after each intervention, explosive power, speed, agility, and cognitive performance were measured and the subjects completed the Profile of Mood States questionnaire. Data were analyzed using RM-ANOVA and the statistical significance level was set at p≤0.05.

The data indicated that power significantly increased after dry cupping compared to massage and no intervention (p≤0.05), however the speed and agility were not significant anymore (p˃0.05). Both dry cupping and massage caused a significant increase in the Tower of London test scores (p≤0.05). Finally, there were no significant differences among three interventions in the positive and negative mood states (p˃0.05).

Findings of the present study suggest that pre-exercise massage and dry cupping may improve physical and mental performances of athletes, but it does not affect their mood.