فصلنامه مشرق موعود
پیاپی 63 (تابستان 1401)

In ancient hadith sources, there are many narrations in which Neko praised the Persian race and spoke about his role in the future of history. These narrations can be divided into several categories In the following article, the aforementioned narrations are described in detail, and in addition to examining its sources and documents, an attempt is made to evaluate and analyze its content. In general, there are reliable narrations in ancient Shiite and Sunni sources about honoring the people of the land of Persia and also the special role that this nation will play in the future of history. The above-mentioned narrations can be hopeful, energizing, and motivating, and can double the motivations of the faithful and revolutionary nation of Iran in walking the path of excellence and progress, and can also be a map of the vision and determination of its historical mission.

Religion claims comprehensiveness in all areas of life and response to human needs until the Day of Judgment. If in the era of legalization, the intellectual needs of the people were answered by presenting simple and fluent arguments, but religion had hidden reserves for the later ages as well. Believing in the richness of religion has also led us to believe that religion is also an answer for our era; An era in which we need to provide religious systems for different areas of life. This concern has led religious thinkers to extensive efforts for years, and this short article tries to provide a brief report of this scientific movement. The lack of time and the inferiority of the author have limited this report to the most famous approaches and with a special emphasis on my specialty, which is ethics and education. The report ends by presenting a new and different approach in the field of religious system building, which may lead to a step forward in this difficult field with the criticism of critics.

Qom Hadith School, as one of the most powerful schools of the Imamites, has long been the focus of attention of thinkers. Exploration of Mahdism in this school has its shortcomings. Lack of a "school" view, "lack of study of influential narrators" and their "subjects of interest" in Mahdavi hadiths are among these shortcomings. Therefore, this paper with a "descriptive-analytical" approach  tries to address this study gap before the time of Saduq. Classifying the narrators and introducing them is the commencement this article chooses in order to provide a clear picture of the discussion. In the first classes, the Mahdavi narrators and teachings have been neutral. Over time, with the flourishing of this school, the narrations of Mahdism have been considered with a variety of topics. Among these narrators, considering the comprehensiveness of Al-Kafi's book, Kulayni is the most quoted; after him, Sa'd ibn Abdullah, Ali ibn Husayn ibn Babawiyyah and Muhammad ibn Yahya are placed respectively. The topics of their interest are based on the basic issues of Mahdism; in such a way that some teachings, such as signs of appearance, which have been reported more diversely in the following periods, are of little importance in Qom school.

The doctrine of resurrection and the establishment of the resurrection is one of the most basic Islamic beliefs that has been the focus of the interpretation tendencies of deviant currents. Sofia, which has a history as extensive as the Islamic period; Taweel has been used as a way to understand the Inside of religion and the hidden truth in it. Although  moderate Sufia has confirmed the real and apparent right of the resurrection and the concepts related to it, he has given an interpretation of the resurrection, which has become a source of deviations in the Islamic society. This research is done with a library method and in a descriptive and analytical way checks the interpretation of Sufiya in the concept of resurrection. This essay, after following the course of interpretation in the concept of resurrection, Explanation of the types of resurrection in the Sufi view and the interpretations based on which the teaching was found made it clear that such interpretations have led to obscenity, groundwork for abrogation of religion, heresy in creating a fake ritual, and laziness towards various issues of the divine law.

One of the doubts of the Shia opponents is the issue of the non-possession of the Imam during his absence and its incompatibility with the necessity of the presence of the Imam at all times. And the brief answer is: First, where did you find this knowledge of non-possession? Can we deny their existence simply because we are unaware of Imam's possessions? Secondly, this lack of possession of the absent Imam - assuming it is proven - is not documented by him, but due to external factors that have no effect on his imamate, nor is it necessary. In the words of Khwaja Tusi: The existence of an Imam is the grace of God, the possession of another Imam is a grace and his absence is because of us. Thirdly, according to Aqla, there is no connection between absence and non-possession, but it is possible for someone to have various actions during absence, but due to his absence, his actions remain hidden from our view and perception. In this article, the various dimensions of this debate have been discussed in detail.

The type of legal discourse governing law-abiding states reflects the ideals and spirit of their fundamental rights, as in this type of government all political and governmental institutions are subject to their own legal rules, including civil rights, and, as will be seen, in the system. The legal status of Mahdavi rule is of special importance and It is considered an inherent human right and is rooted in human dignity and is superior to other human social identities. Because, it originates from the nature of human existence and sits in the human soul and not just a matter of credit or contract, in this legal system, to components such as the development of justice and equality and individual and social freedoms and the so-called citizenship rights. In the light of the revelatory intellect and divine vision of Imam Mahdi (as), especially the helpless people of the orphans and the weak classes, everyone benefits from the scope of justice and benevolence of the system of its rightful foundation, and at the same time is hospitalized for In order to accept religious sovereignty and realize the sovereignty of the heirs of the earth, it is necessary to mention that mutual rights form the basis and structure of the legal system, the Alawite and Mahdavi sovereignty, which is the ideal and divine society and the development of human existence and spiritual excellence and mental growth of human society. In the following, we will evaluate it analytically and descriptively.

The term "Mahdi" is a reflection of  "Mahdi idea" found  in the Prophetic traditions. The present article sets out  to answer the following question: "What are the contributions of  the Prophetic traditions in the use of the term “Mahdi” during the presence era of the Imams (as)?" In the Prophetic traditions, the word "Mahdi" was reflected  in two concepts: the "guided one" (literal) and  the "savior" (technical). These two concepts became the origin of  two distinct applications of the term in the time of the Imams. Meanwhile, the literal use was less challenging. It was sometimes mixed with the technical meaning and was referred to the justice diffusing of  the savior mentioned in the traditions. Some of the Prophetic traditions were the basis for the use of  the term “Mahdi” in Shi'ite uprisings. Applying it to Muhammad Ibn al-Hanafiya in the Mukhtar uprising was in the literal meaning and  it evolved  into the technical meaning after Ibn al-Hanafiya's death. In  the uprising of Muhammad  ibn Abdullah al-Hassani, both the claimants and the deniers of his Mahdawi outbreak  relied on the Prophetic traditions. Utilization of the term Mahdi by some caliphs was due to distorting some traditions. The employment of the term Mahdi referring to the Twelfth Imam, in the time of Presence of  the Imams was closely related to the Prophetic traditions, and it became the most stable technical and doctrinal use of the word.

The Wilayat of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, has been proven with many anecdotal evidences; But what feels empty is the proof of the guardianship of Ahl al-Bayt through reason. In this way, according to the rule of one, the first issue from the Supreme Being is the expanded existence; Expanded existence has levels and includes all beings from the world of reason to the world of matter. And the first order is also based on the principle of the oneness of the first intellect, which is the intermediary between truth and creation, or in other words, the intermediary of grace between the Almighty and other levels of expanded existence. Since the truth of Velayat means the supervision of affairs And God accomplishes the planning of the world through the Name of Allah, and the perfect human being is the manifestation of the Name of Allah In fact, the perfect human being is the creator of the world by God's permission; As a result, one of the tasks of a perfect human being is the guardianship of all of us towards Allah. This article seeks that through the rule of one, To prove the guardianship over all existence.

As the most reliable source accepted by all Muslims in all fields of faith and jurisprudence, the Quran is of interest to all Islamic sects. Mahdism, as the most unique vision of the end of history from the point of view of Islam, is not exempt from this rule. Although the extent to which this truth is addressed for certain reasons, there is a huge difference in the amount and quality of the content in the Shia commentary sources with those of the Sunnis. In the way that in all the exegetical and non-exegetical sources of Sunnis up to the 7th century, only ten verses about Mahdism were interpreted. With this feature, famous Sunni commentators are trying to compare these verses with the Christian part of the story! It means the descent of Jesus from the sky, without any connection with the "Promised Mahdi"! But in the Shiite sources of this era, at least 66 verses are mentioned only in the commentary books, which in terms of content include almost all Mahdavi topics in the form of commentary or interpretation.

One of  the fundamental needs of human is happiness. Happiness has important duty in frame of psychical and social life of human and it has been important aims all of ideologies and politic social regulations of mankind. The aim of this writing is presentation social military government of present Imam as happiness and beatific military. This writing proves with studying present Imam government in narratives, Quran and intellectual cases and studying happiness factors from sociology and psychology view with method of descriptive, analytic and existence factors social happiness in present Imam government into library. In this manner be explain social happiness factors in present Imam government such as social acceptance, social partnership, social justice, social confidence, security feeling, religiousness, needs guarantee, hope to future and public satisfaction after of saying happiness.

Mahdism is a genuine Islamic belief. Of course some famous Sunni scholars have also confirmed the birth of the Twelfth Imam. The religious intellectuals with doubt in the sources of Islamic history including hadith consider the achievements of modernity as historical destiny and by praising postmodern thought and fearing the idea of neo-Mu'tazilites and mysticism reject the birth of the twelfth Imam historically due to lack of evidence. This research based on library sources has used reasoning methods in examining and criticizing this claim. The purpose of this research is a new look at the subject of Mahdism by applying the analytical method of discussions of the philosophy of history. Accordingly ignoring historical events under the pretext of lack of evidence is a distortion of history and this evidence does not benefit the skeptic. The way to understand historical propositions is empathy and insight, and the meaning of objectivity is a logical choice among these propositions. Birth evidence is also a logical choice based on perspective and the issue of values. The result of the postmodern view is absolute skepticism and the destruction of the foundations of science including history but due to this approach having elements of pluralism and relativism the birth of the Twelfth Imam can not be denied with this view.

Ideals of utopia are the same logical, real and dynamic objectives that in case of stability towards to problems of providing pattern of optimal status and unacceptability of the existing status, guide the man to liv in utopia. This question is posed that how we may provide grounds of acceleration of Mahdavi ideal government by stability in three domains of spirituality, policy and spirit? In this article, with descriptive- analytical method, stability approaches for creating Islamic modern civilization and readiness for rise of Islamic great warden in the virtual dimension has been investigated from great leader viewpoint which includes God memory (saying prayers), belief in divine promise, belief in behest Mahdi. Increasing knowledge of the world people on righteous behest, dissuasive resistance through omission of dictatorship management and formation of anti-dictatorship against USA and Israeli, are among stability approaches against tyranny and injustice in world arena. In the internal scope, promotion of Iranian power is conditional to Islamic democracy method, military and security organizations, progress in software and hardware dimensions, justice oriented strategies in social and political dimensions and finally, the stability success secret in the two previous scopes is being furnished with spirits of revolutionists such as having national honor, hope and oriflamme that whit these indicators, the ideals should be turned to collective objectives to individual objectives with a world approach.