”COVID-19” is a dangerous viral disease that has recently become a pandemic. In the meantime, the knowledge and attitude of medical students in caring for patients are very important.  Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of Abadan medical students about the “ COVID-19 “ disease. This cross-sectional study was performed on medical students (n = 255) in 2020-2021 using the convenience sampling method. Data was collected using a personal information questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire of knowledge and attitude related to the disease. The total score of students ‘knowledge about “ COVID-19” disease was between 0 and 33, where 0 means minimum knowledge and 33 means between 16 and 80. After confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the online questionnaire was completed by individuals. The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of knowledge scores and students’ attitudes toward “COVID-19” disease were 13.42 ±2.69 and 22.27 ±3.9, respectively. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between attitude and demographic characteristics. There was a significant relationship between students ‘knowledge score and field of study (P= 0.001) but there was no significant relationship between students’ knowledge score and gender and marital status. Medical students have an acceptable knowledge and attitude toward “COVID-19”. On the other hand, our information about “COVID-19” disease is increasing every day. Therefore, the educational authorities of medical universities should design and implement programs to increase the awareness and attitude of students toward “COVID-19”.

Women undergoing cesarean section may have some difficulties in self-care and the care of their baby due to post-operative pain as well. If anxiety-inducing factors in the mother are not controlled or treated, they can cause dangerous complications before and after cesarean section. This study aimed to investigate the level of anxiety before and after surgery in the candidates for cesarean section in the hospital. In the present descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional epidemiological study, 60 women admitted to the gynecology department of Abadan University of Medical Sciences for elective cesarean section entered the study. Data were collected by Hamilton Anxiety Questionnaire and Demographic Specification Questionnaire. Patients completed the anxiety questionnaire 2-3 hours before entering the operating room and 2-3 hours after the operation. Chi-square tests and t-tests were used to analyze the data in SPSS v.22.  The mean pre-operative anxiety was 9.95 ±7.99, which reached 1.2 ±0.9 after surgery. The mean scores of women’s anxiety before and after surgery were significantly different (P <0.05). Before the operation, 45 (75%) had mild anxiety and 15(25%) had moderate anxiety. The different dimensions of the Hamilton Anxiety Questionnaire surgery were significantly different before and after (P <0.05). Hamilton’s Anxiety Questionnaire score did not show significant correlation with employment status but there was a significant positive relationship with age (P <0.05). The majority of participants had mild anxiety, possibly due to a history of cesarean section. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses consider these safe, non-invasive, cost-effective selfcare techniques along with medication.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), an autoimmune disease with decreased platelet counts needs corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), and anti-Rho in the first line and splenectomy, rituximab, and thrombopoietin in the second line of therapy. The present study reveals the application of the aqueous extract Tribulus terrestris (T. terrestris) plant in ITP treatment.  A standard aqueous extract of T. terrestris was given orally to twenty patients who were newly diagnosed with ITP in the form of 500 mg capsules (three times per day for14 days). Blood samples were taken from patients before, during, and after two weeks of treatment to count plasma Platelet Factor 4 (PF4), serotonin factor, and Von Willebrand Factor (VWF). We observed a significant increase in the platelet count among all patients, while plasma platelets and assay factor 4 decreased and VWF increased during and after treatment. Serotonin was increased on days 1 and 14 and slightly decreased once the treatment was completed.  Our findings suggest that T. terrestris extract can be considered an efficient alternative medicine for the treatment of ITP.

One of the factors that can play a pivotal role in maintaining ethical values and preventing ethical distress in nurses is moral sensitivity. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim. The comparision of moral sensitivity among nursing student in Abadan University of Medical Sciences And Shushtar College in 2018. The epidemiological descriptive-analytic study was conducted with a cross-sectional correlation method. The census sampling method was conducted on undergraduate nursing students in the third and fourth years in Abadan University of Medical Sciences and Shushtar College. For sampling this study, a questionnaire was used in two parts where the first part of that demographic and second part of the questionnaire was a moral sensitivity compiled by Kim Latzen. The questionnaire has 25 items and was analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Chi-square ,Pearson correlation coefficient, regression methods such as linear regression in SPSS v.21 and logistic regression were used to analyse the data. In this study, the mean of moral sensitivity in all studied people was equal to 86.86. Also, the mean point of nursing students of Medical Sciences College of Shushtar was more than the students of Abadan University of Medical Sciences. It is suggested that in order to increase the moral sensitivity of nurses, they should be trained and evaluated from their first days of studying.

Health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP) includes behaviors that prevent diseases and promote health. Self-efficacy is one of the most important factors that affect adopting a healthy lifestyle. This study was conducted to investigate the association between HPLP and chronic diseases with self-efficacy in performing health behaviors among the elderly living in Shiraz. 

In this cross-sectional study 382 elderly aged over 60 years were selected from two Older People’s Associations and a medical clinic in Shiraz (2017). Healthy lifestyle and self-efficacy were assessed by using the HPLP-II scale and self-rated abilities for health practice scale (SRAHPS-), ADL daily activity and IADL life instrument activity scales. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, (Tukey’s post-hoc test), Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression using SPSS v.22 at 0.05 significance.

The mean scores of the HPLP-II (134.29 ± 26.82) & SRAHPS were (65.03 ± 17.73). All demographic variables, except age, had a significant relationship with healthy lifestyle behaviors (P<0.001). Also self-efficacy was significantly correlated with healthy lifestyle behaviors (r=0.246, P<0.001) and predicted 49.6% of the variance of healthy lifestyle behaviors.

It seems that all aspects of healthy life style and self-efficacy should be considered in designing and implementing health promotion interventions for the elderly.

A rapid and simple method was investigated for determining the concentration of some contaminants including heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium(Cd), chromium (Cr), and anthraquinone in black tea samples in Iran.

Heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, and Cr in tea samples were detected using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) after microwave acid digestion (MAD). The anthraquinone in infusion tea samples was determined via liquid chromatography photodiode array detector after the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method (DLLME). 

Recoveries of all the tea samples in heavy metals and anthraquinone were in the range of 75% - 89% and 71%-96, respectively. The results of recoveries are in the range of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and the European Union. RSD in the MAD and DLLME methods was less than 5%. The mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, and anthraquinone were 0.724, 0.021, 2.98 ppm, and 2.27 ppb.

Overall our results showed that MAD and DLLME methods could successfully determine the concentration of some contaminants such as Pb, Cd, Cr, and anthraquinone in black tea samples.

Radiographic tools are one of the most instruments in hospitals. The ionizing radiation process occurs in radiographic instruments. The ionizing radiation causes side effects in the users. Lack of knowledge of staff and students radiology regarding radiation risks, protection, and dose levels in medical imaging procedures causes complications in them. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the awareness of radiology staff and students regarding radiation risks, protection, and dose levels in medical imaging procedures.  In this analytical cross-sectional study with the participation of 180 participants include 62 students and 118 radiology staff were was done by convenience sampling from the hospitals of Tehran university of medical siences, in 2020 from February to September. The structural and valid gathering tool including 3 sections: baseline data, radiation protection awareness and dose assessment knowledge questionnaire were used. Approximately 82 % of students chose a dose of lumbar X-ray exams between 1 and 50 times the (potrior – anterior (PA )) chest, and only 9 % answered the question correctly. However, 27% of the staff chose the correct answer. Students on the average dose of mammography had  more choice (1-10 times) of a PA chest test, while staff preferred 100-500. The crew performed better on the dose resulting from a PET-CT test as well as the dose estimate from a nuclear medicine heart scan, and selected 36% correct response (more than 500 times the PA chest), while students had a lower rating (1-10 times) than others. Overall, 45% of students and staff had any training or retraining after completing their training at the university.  In self-reporting, most students and staff believed that they had a suitable or sufficient level of awareness of ionizing radiation. Radiology students had a better level of knowledge about radiation protection than radiology staffs, while radiology staffs had a better estimate in discussing dose assessment.

The aim of this study was to examine the quality of life regarding the oral health in pregnant women in the village of Robat Karim after receiving the Health Evolution Plan services.  The research sample population was 554 pregnant women who visited the designated dental clinics. After obtaining the informed consent, the data was collected, recorded, handwritten, and analyzed by content analysis method using Maxqda software version 2020. In order to support the accuracy and robustness of the data, the criteria of acceptability, verifiability, and transferability were considered. There is a significant relationship between education and enjoying oral care. There was a relationship between benefit and pregnancy rank. It was also found that there was no significant relationship between the reason for visits, insurance of paid expenses, and benefit of care. In the qualitative part, there are three themes of dissatisfaction, lack of good psychological sense, physical problems, nine sub-themes, including lack of services, the unwillingness of dentists to provide services, insufficient awareness of pregnant mothers, distrust of the health care system, out-of-pocket payments, complaints about tooth extraction, remorse for not repairing teeth before pregnancy, dysfunction of daily functioning, and pain were extracted from patients’ shared experiences. Low use of oral care by pregnant women can mean the Health Evolution Plan approaches for pregnant women have failed, hence the impact of oral problems on quality of life (dissatisfaction, physical and mental health problems) for pregnant women.