نشریه سیاست ها و تحقیقات اقتصادی
پیاپی 2 (تابستان 1401)

Hand-planted forests cover 14,000 hectares in Tehran province, and this amount shows the high importance of these forests. This study examines the tendency to protect hand-planted forests in Tehran at different living standards using conditional valuation and a two-dimensional selection questionnaire. To investigate the factors affecting the willingness to pay, the logit model has been used by the maximum straightforward method. The required data has been used by completing an online questionnaire with a sample of 404 respondents with double selection and presenting three proposed amounts of 4 thousand Rials, 7.5 thousand Rials and 15 thousand Rials. The results show that people are willing to pay for the protection of hand-planted forests in Tehran. The average willingness to pay annually is equal to 115744 Rials per person. Most of this tendency is to pay consequentially rather than conscientiously. The variables of income, education, gender and household population are the most important positive and significant factors influencing the willingness of people to pay for the protection of plantation forests.

The stock market plays an important and vital role in forming of capital and the accumulation of small, wandering capitals and directing them to the desired paths in a country's economic systems, corruption, terrorist activities and property rights) affecting stock market returns. Be aware. Political factors, especially terrorist activities, create uncertainty, reduce trust, increase risk perception, reduce investment and foreign trade trust, and cause capital flight. Thus, terrorist attacks reduced corporate profits and confusion among investors, investors leave the stock market, and declining stock market returns. Therefore, it is important to study the relationship between terrorist activities and their impact on stock market returns in the tense Middle East region. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of terrorism on the stock market return index in the high- risk region of the Middle East during the period 2008-2019 with the generalized torque (GMM) approach. The study results indicate the fact that in accordance with the theoretical expectations of the study, terrorist activities have a negative and significant stock market returns in these countries. From other research results, the variables of real exchange rate and oil price have a negative and significant effect on stock market returns.

Housing is one of the most basic needs of every household that can play a special role in the macroeconomic and household dimensions, and the largest share of annual costs for an urban household is related to the cost of housing, which is provided in the form of rent and property. Real estate has a significant impact on economic growth and is therefore preferable to rental housing. There are several factors influencing the choice of households to buy or rent housing, and identifying these factors and their impact can help housing policy and planning and the welfare and economic level of society. In this study, using the logit model and using the budget data of urban households in Iran in 2019, the effect of economic and social factors of households and market variables on housing tenure choice has been investigated. The results show that permanent income, age, marital status, employment, and the level of education of the head of the household and the post-household increase the likelihood of home ownership

In this study, the employment generation potential of different sectors of the economy has been measured using the Statistical Center of Iran’s aggregated symmetric input-output table of 2016 with traditional method. Increasing coefficients of employment have been calculated using Leontief's demand-oriented model. The results show that, the sectors of other services, professional, scientific and technical activities, and administrative activities and support services, respectively, have the highest investment value in terms of employment generation potential for employees over 10 years. Among the mentioned employees, for those who have a higher education, the most employment generation has taken place in Professional, scientific and technical activities, and training activity, respectively. In the comparison of employment generation potential by gender, only the activities of education and activities related to human health and social assistance have more direct employment generation for women compared to men. Meanwhile, the indirect employment generation of all activities has been more for men. Among the 21 fields, the share of employees who have education in engineering fields and engineering professions, business and administrative affairs, and human sciences have been more than others. In the meantime, the most employment generation has been in field of professional, scientific and technical activities.

Discovering the key sectors of the economy, according to the capacities and talents of each region, has always been considered by economists, something that is interpreted as comparative advantage in the economic literature. In the current research, investment ranking is determined by using the data-output table and measuring the effectiveness of the back and front links of different sectors. For this purpose, by using the data-output table of 2016 (updated from the 2016 table of Iran Statistics Center) and the new methods of determining key sectors, the priority of investment in the country was identified. The hypothetical elimination method showed that the sectors of agriculture and horticulture, manufacturing of food products and manufacturing of chemical materials and products have the highest posterior and anterior links and are of higher importance. In the following, by using the field of influence method, it was determined that the manufacturing of food products with the value of 252/6416 has the largest field of influence and is a priority for investment, and more investment in this sector will cause more growth in production. After that, the manufacturing sector of chemical materials and products with the value of 169/4262 is in the second priority and then the agriculture and horticulture sector is the third priority of investment with the value of 150/8038, so it is recommended to use the potentials and capacity. In the economic sectors, food products and education should be invested as a key sector, and then, considering the relative advantage of the agriculture and horticulture sector, investment in this sector is also inevitable.