Journal of Translational Research in Urology
Volume:4 Issue: 3, Summer 2022

Some viruses can infect and kill cancer cells. These viruses are known as oncolytic viruses (Virotherapy). The idea of killing cancer cells by oncolytic viruses mainly back to the old idea in the 19th (nineteenth) century. Scientists observed cancer cure in some patients who contracted measles or common reovirus. Nowadays, genetically engineered oncolytic viruses are considered a new and modern way to treat bladder cancer (BC) like CAVATAK (Coxsackievirus A21, CVA21) and human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor transgene (VSVd51-hGM-CSF). Oncolytic viruses have been considered tools for straight-killing tumor cells. New research suggests that some oncolytic viruses can trigger an immune response in the body against cancer

The recurrence of urothelial carcinoma on a neobladder made from ileal is an infrequent entity. Radical cystectomy is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

We report here the case of a 68-year-old patient with a history of radical cystoprostatectomy with Hautman-technique of enterocystoplasty replacement 9 years ago, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, for urothelial carcinoma pT2G3N1M0 + CIS. The patient was followed up regularly and did not return for his control visit. He was admitted to the emergency room with acute urinary retention on clotting hematuria. A cystoscopic examination with a tumor biopsy was performed, and the anatomic-pathological result favoured a recurrence of a high-grade urothelial carcinoma infiltrating the intestinal mucosa. The extension workup by abdominopelvic CT showed a secondary location in the liver with a suspicious left latero-aortic lymph node mass. In agreement with a multidisciplinary consultation meeting, the patient was referred to oncology for chemotherapy.

Tumor recurrence should be evoked in patients with hematuria after replacement enterocystoplasty Although urothelial carcinoma in orthotopic neobladder is unusual. However, in these rare situations, it is essential to quickly manage the patient in a reference center with multidisciplinary consultations to optimize adequate care.

Cancer is still a fatal disease compelling all communities to encounter its unfavorable burdens. Not only there is no exception for urological cancer, but also these types of cancers have an increasing trend which puts them in the top ten most common kinds of tumors. Besides, the recent COVID-19 pandemic, by interrupting medical care cancer plans, caused more cancer-related problems to emerge. Although various new strategies for cancer therapy have been developed, this field still needs more improvements. Among them, cell-based treatment has great promising potential, but it has not been found completely safe. Furthermore, some evidence declares that cells’ desirable effect mainly occurs via secreting tiny vesicles which are later called exosomes. Consequently, although exosome-based remedies can probably lead to cellular treatment’s effects, this novel approach will overcome cell-related disadvantages. In addition, nowadays, enormous literature is indicating different aspects of abnormal exosome trafficking in many pathological states, confirming that more effort should be undertaken for studying and applying this mentioned structure in future cancer management and specifically, urological cancers.

To assess the effects of treatment with oral Cornu’s mas and sucralfate, and intravesical hyaluronic acid (HA) on bladder histopathology and inflammatory cells in vivo model of Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC).   A total of 25 female rats were grouped: control (group I), IC (group II), HA (group III), Sucralfate (group IV), and Cornu’s mas (group V). Chemical cystitis was induced in four groups (all except the control group) by the intravesical instillation of Hydrogen peroxide, Cornu's mas extract for 7 days twice a day, sucralfate for seven days twice a day, and HA every week for a month and then every month for two months were administered. Bladder tissue was removed to check inflammatory cell infiltration by histopathological examination. None of the three treatment groups recorded any case of erosion and ulcer, and considering edema, group III recorded one severe case and three mild/moderate cases; and groups IV and V were comprised of mild/moderate cases. Both leukocyte count and mast cell count were significantly higher in group II (P-value=0.033) in comparison to group I. None of the treatments were able to regress the mast cell and leukocyte numbers to the level of the control group (all P-value>0.4). Intravesical injection of HA and oral administration of sucralfate, and Cornu’s mas were able to reduce the inflammation severity but not the normal level in the rat model of BPS/IC.

 This study estimates a secure route for the needles via the obturator foramen. The therapy of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is done by using needles to secure a mesh around the urethra. These procedures use the obturator foramen as a pathway for placing a trans obturator sling. However, the needles are not catered to the South African population and, together with variability in pelvic osteology, may pose a threat to the obturator nerve. The purpose of the study is thus to suggest the safest route for the insertion of transobturator tape without endangerment of the obturator nerve.  After placement of the tapes, the right medial compartment of 14 females and 14 males was dissected. Measurements were taken between landmarks of the obturator region, mesh, and obturator nerve.  It was found that the average distance between the mesh and the posterior branch of the obturator nerve (PBON) in the male transobturator tape (TOT) inside-out procedure was 15.32mm, 21.49mm in the female transobturator tape (TOT) outside-in and 13.73mm in the tension-free vaginal tape-obturator (TVT-O) inside-out procedures. As reported by clinicians, the distances were found to be half of the suggested safe distances.  The findings may be attributed to the South African population's differences in body size and pelvic osteology. A suggested safe route for the passage of the needles is inferior to the most medial point of the obturator foramen and closer to the lateral border of the ischiopubic ramus. We suggested standardization of these needles for a South African population.

Catheter infection is the second cause of death in hemodialysis patients. The purpose of this study is to promote health and take appropriate measures to prevent the occurrence of permcath infection. The current study is a Retrospective analysis of cross-sectional data. The inclusion criteria for the study included the following: age over 18 years, ESRD diagnosis by a nephrologist, having a Permanent catheter, and patients who had permanent venous catheters and had been referred to Alzahra Hospital in Isfahan for hemodialysis were included. The patients were examined for 6 months and the information related to the patients included the occurrence of infection, factors related to infection, the relationship between the infection and the location of the Permanent catheter, the history of changing the Permanent catheter, and underlying diseases were collected. Among the 195 ESRD patients participating in the present study, 4.6% (9 people) had Permacath infection. The rate of infection was significantly higher in people over 60 years of age (P-value=0.05), people with underlying diabetes (P-value<0.05), people with a history of previous Permacath infection, and a history of changing Permacath (P-value<0.05). In terms of the location of the femoral catheters, the infection is significantly higher (P-value<0.05). However, there was no relationship between the type of permcath and the incidence of permcath infection (P-value>0.05). During 6 months, about 4.6% of patients undergoing Permacath implantation have an infection, and this risk is higher in people over 60 years old and with diabetes, as well as in the femoral area.

 Erectile dysfunction (ED) is suspected to be the symptom manifestation of COVID-19. However, scarce data was presented on this day. Our study was conducted to determine the prevalence of ED and its associated factors among hospitalized men with COVID-19. In this report, 35 male patients infected with COVID-19 were hospitalized in Imam Ali Andimeshk Hospital and screened for erectile dysfunction by the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5). Demographic data and COVID-19 treatment history were collected. 35 male patients with COVID-19 were examined. ED prevalence was 64.7%, of which severity was mostly mild. Logistic regression, adjusted for age, BMI, and medical comorbidities, portrayed a significant association between ED and mental health status.17 men were dissatisfied with sexual contact and not reaching orgasm due to the fear of their partner getting infected, nine patients had diabetes, and one patient had a history of hives. Five people reported that they had been suffering from urinary system stones in the past. In patients with COVID-19, the prevalence of ED was not high, but they had erectile dysfunction and sexual dissatisfaction; therefore, screening for mental problems in people with COVID-19 and ED is recommended.

 Bladder cancer is a disease that significantly influences life quality. It is necessary to have continuous training and care of the patient and family after discharge to care for the patients undergoing bladder tumor resection through the duct. The present study aimed to determine the effect of telemedicine on the care burden of caregivers and the life quality of patients undergoing bladder tumor resection through the duct (TURBT). The present quasi-experimental research was conducted in the format of before and after. Twenty-five patients undergoing bladder tumor resection through the duct (TURBT) received distance training from a nurse for three months. Data were collected using the 36-SF life quality questionnaire and Guest & Novak care burden and analyzed in SPSS version 25 by paired T-test, Wilcoxon and Spearman, and Pearson correlation coefficients. The mean rank of the quality score after the intervention was higher than before the intervention, and the difference between the mean score of the life quality was significant (P-value<0.05) before and after the distance nursing intervention. There was also a significant difference between care load before and after the intervention (P-value<0.05), so the mean of patients' life quality reached 11.08 to 13.61, and the mean of their care burden pressure reached 2.27 to 3.78 after the intervention. The findings represented the alternations in improving the life quality and care burden caused by telenursing in TURBT patients. Therefore, telenursing has been a suitable method for training and continuous care in TURBT patients, which is especially recommended during the epidemic of infectious diseases.