نشریه جامعه شناسی سیاسی ایران
سال پنجم شماره 8 (پیاپی 24، آبان 1401)

Growth and development of electronic banking and providing face-to-face services to customers is one of the main axes of new banking development and profitability for banks. Since in this index, customers are the main focus of services and the importance of customers in this industry as an asset plays a key role in the emergence of new services and profitability. In this study, the presentation of the brand equity model of the Welfare Bank with emphasis on perceived value and the quality of communication in distance services in electronic banking has been considered. In this study, the statistical population of customers of electronic services of the Welfare Bank and the sample size based on Cochran's formula is 382 people. Data collection tool was a questionnaire and descriptive statistics using SPSS software and testing the research hypotheses and the proposed model using structural equations with partial least squares method (pls software). The results of the data collected from the electronic services customers of the Welfare Bank show; Perceived value of distance services both directly affects the brand equity of the Welfare Bank and indirectly affects the quality of communication in distance services through the mediating variable.

The rule of obligation is one of the indisputable rules of jurisprudence and the sure thing of this rule is that there is a difference between two people in religion, one of whom is an imam of the religion and the other is a public or follower of other religions or sects. According to other narrations and evidences that express the provisions of the rule of obligation, they say: If a transaction or contract according to the Sunni religion or other sects takes place correctly and with conditions, even if it is void according to the Shiite religion of the Imams according to the requirements Provisions of the rule of obligation, a Shiite person can arrange the effects of correctness on that action and compel a non-Imam person to accept the necessity of his action. Although this rule has little application in private law, it is not without legal benefit as the scope of the rule in various schools of jurisprudence, in addition to Islamic and divine religions, also includes non-divine and non-religious religions - such as polytheists and idolaters. شد .Islam has always treated other religions with dignity and justice, and has commanded adherence to contracts and covenants between Muslims and non-Muslims, and has long emphasized the need to respect the rights of their personal status.

Research Issue:

 With the victory of the Islamic Revolution and its goal in achieving comprehensive development, nuclear energy became the focus of the men's government. Enmity with the Islamic Revolution and opposition to the West with its development caused Iran's goal of peaceful use of nuclear energy to turn into an international. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the legal consequences of Borjam.

The present study seeks to investigate the legal consequences of JCPOA by descriptive-analytical method, which is used by libraries with the method of deleting files from law book sources as well as the use of Internet resources.

In this study, the historical course of the nuclear negotiations from the 2000s to the Vienna Agreement, the legal opportunities and threats of the UN Security Council, the legal weakness of the UN Security Council were discussed. Some believe that after reaching a nuclear agreement or a UN Security Council, due to the form of the document and citing the intentions of the parties and explicitly the text, only the executive document contains some voluntary actions by both parties and therefore, it can not be A treaty, agreement, treaty or international agreement.

In today's ,Criminal responsibility complex society’s Criminal responsibility in simple societies of the past cannot be completely equated; modern societies usually have a detailed set of criminal rules. It is not possible for a girl to be held responsible for a certain age at a particular age, especially at the age of nine for all criminal law; if we are to hold a nine-year-old girl accountable for all black crimes, we must inevitably have lower offenses and penalties. The child at such an age is still unable to conceive many of the concepts of the material and spiritual element of crime. According to the rule of law and the rules of law, subject matter and the legislator's compliance with the prominent legal opinions of Iran, the age of puberty is the basis for determining the age of criminal responsibility for children. In post-revolutionary law, it is nine years for girls and fifteen years for boys. As a result of reaching adulthood, it is not a matter of achieving criminal growth and must set a certain age for criminal development so that children who are legally adolescent but do not have criminal development are not prosecuted unjustly.

An international trade enables a country to obtain high quality goods and services at extremely affordable prices to meet the specific needs and wants of its people. International trade is one of the ways to quickly improve and access the economies of countries, although no country will be able to meet all its needs. In international trade, countries can exchange goods produced in their own country that are of higher quality and at lower costs with goods that they either do not specialize in producing or are satisfied with the highest price or the lowest quality of production. Ideas, policies and Attitudes in the national interest can be developed in the best possible way according to political resources and philosophy, and can be controlled and limited by supporting and encouraging or banning the activities of a company. These activities can include a range of individuals seeking change through terrorism and violence, which has been one of the most important obstacles to international trade in countries

Paying attention to diversity, creating educational equality and respecting different cultures is important for intercultural awareness. The purpose of this study is to determine the basic components of a multicultural curriculum from the perspective of experts in the field of multiculturalism. The research method is a combination of directional content analysis and survey. This research has two statistical communities, the first of which includes 243 Persian and Latin works in the period of 1380 to 1397 and 2003 to 2017 in the field of multicultural curriculum and the second of domestic specialists with at least one work in the field of multicultural education. Purposeful sampling method was selected from the criterion type of 100 scientific works and 20 internal specialists. The data collection tool was a content analysis checklist and a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were calculated based on the Tiglar agreement coefficient. Findings showed that out of 153 components studied, 37 components were identified as the basic components of a multicultural curriculum.

This study aims to investigate the sociology of the problem of corruption and mechanisms to reduce the social harm caused by it in Iran. In this regard, an attempt has been made to play the role of effective causes and factors in creating and spreading the phenomenon of corruption, systematic political-economic and social relationship with the phenomenon of corruption, existential results and continuity of the phenomenon of corruption and finally providing appropriate methods. To combat this reprehensible phenomenon to be scientifically analyzed. The research method used in the article is a descriptive-analytical method. In order to write the theoretical framework of the research subject, the library method has been used, which has been explained based on the study and study of existing sources and works related to the present subject. . The results obtained from this paper show that corruption is the result of many causes and factors, so that political, economic, social and cultural factors and finally administrative factors were considered as important cases of this phenomenon. On the other hand, using preventive methods instead of punishing and punishing violators, targeting anti-corruption programs, systematizing the practice of organizational culture and its development and expansion as part of the general culture of society, and finally addressing issues Organizational, administrative structure and organization and its analysis based on sociological approaches with the aim of reducing corruption have been presented as basic strategies.

Iran is a multicultural country and its ethnic and linguistic diversity is one of the prominent features of this country. Khuzestan province is historically one of the oldest regions of the country and has long had a brilliant civilization and culture. In addition, this diversity The ethnic group in this province has turned it into a crossroads of different cultures, which, while interacting, have maintained their own expression. Knowing the culture and civilization of each nation is the best and clearest way to build their future. Demonstrating the customs and culture of different ethnic groups can play an important role in explaining the culture of these ethnic groups and regions, so the need to implement the policies of the central government during the presidency of different parties should be implemented in a fair manner. And the performance of the governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran in relation to the minorities of Khuzestan province (the eight-year period of Dr. Ahmadinejad's presidency as a principled government) is a method of applied research and qualitative methodology and semi-open interviews by the statistical community. Experts include teachers of Shatasi ethnic group in Khuzestan province , Executive managers and heads of tribes, etc. have been done and the amount of 16 components in question has been analyzed

Conservatism is in fact one of the types of face-to-face and long-distance dialogues that are established between the Ghaznavid court officials with each other or with the princes, especially Amir Massoud. The method of work in this research is descriptive-analytical. Categorizes thematically and by explaining and analyzing them will bring out the results. These dialogues between the famous political and social classes of the court, including: Amir with the minister, Amir with the secretary, Amir with Hajib, the minister with Amir, Amir With Amir, etc., ideas such as: 1- Amir's wise defense of the communication policies of the ministers 2- Authoritarianism with the necessary confidence, relying on the expedient approach 3- Confidence in position, and insight Contradictory politics and his performance with praise by Amir 4- Introducing an efficient minister as a reliable supporter in strengthening political and social interests in the territory under his command, etc. Also, during these thoughts, various political issues arise. Such as: 1- Hope and motivation to Amir 2- Decisive but unwise and hasty decision 3- Determination in the behavior and speech by the Amir towards the Minister 4- High self-confidence along with cunning with the aim of using the honest approach and fraudulent goodwill by the Amir towards the Minister, etc. can be enumerated.

The general purpose of this study is to review and critique the professional competencies of teachers from the perspective of postmodern approach with emphasis on Giro's views. In this research, the method of transcendental analysis has been used. The scope of this research includes all books, dissertations and articles in the field of research that were selected by purposive sampling. Fishing tools were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using the method of deductive categorization and thematic coding. According to the research findings, the central categories of teacher professional competencies are: teacher as a coordinator and facilitator of learning, having democratic relations, inventing critical discourses, the role of the teacher in curriculum development, cultivating political actors, constructive teacher Knowledge and language, creating opportunities for subcultures, the teacher as a cultural agent, the teacher as a transformative intellectual. Criticisms of this approach include failure to provide a coherent model and application, reverse, individualistic domination, unsupported method discourse, and the shift of power from author to reader.

Almost simultaneously with the formation of the three governments of the Shahian system, Qutb Shahian and Adel Shahian in Deccan, the Safavid government came to power in Iran. The choice of the Shiite religion by this powerful regional government and factors such as the migration of Shiites to Deccan led to the spread of Shiism in that land. On the other hand, the acquisition of court positions by a number of Shiite elites in these courts had a profound effect on domestic politics as well as regional relations. One of the influential people of the Shah's regime is Shah Tahir. This research uses the method of historical research which is based on description and analysis and based on library sources to explain Shah Tahir's position in Deccan and his religious, political and cultural influences in the court of the Shahian system and the results of his actions in spreading Shiism. Examines.The findings show that the presence of Shah Tahir is one of the important reasons for the promotion of Shiism in the Deccan.In addition to inviting Shiite scholars from Shiite lands, he authored various books and taught so that all of the capital's scholars attended his lectures in Ahmadnagar. His closeness to the government and the support of the Safavids helped his efforts to spread Shiism

The purpose of this study is to design a model for establishing knowledge management in the General Registry Office of Bushehr Province. This research is a kind of theoretical research and its method is mixed with a sequential-exploratory approach according to the objectives of the research. The research method in the qualitative part was grounded theory. Both library and field methods were used to collect qualitative information. The required data were collected by semi-in-depth interview technique. To validate the results, the method of reliability, reliability and verification and to increase trust, two coders were used. The statistical population in this section consisted of all experts and specialists as well as experts and managers of the General Registry Office of Bushehr Province. Using purposive sampling method, 32 people were selected and the information required for the research was collected. Fluid, selective and selective services were used to analyze the data. The statistical population of the study in this section was all managers and experts in different fields of the General Registry Office of Bushehr Province, 92 people. Due to the limited research population, using the census sampling method, all employees and managers as a sample. Statistics of this section were selected. To analyze the data using the methods of he results showed that six components: staff, managers, laws and regulations, organizational structure, organizational culture and facilities and costs, are effective as components of the implementation of knowledge management system in the General Registry Office of Bushehr Province.

The market was originally a physical place where buyers and sellers gathered to exchange goods and services. But the concept of the market in the new era has expanded from a place for the trade of goods, and the discussion of money markets to take deposits from people and pay loans and facilities to them has become one of the requirements of the economic structure.Meanwhile, money markets are divided into organized and unorganized markets based on the amount of superior supervision over them. Organized markets are regularly monitored by upstream institutions such as the central bank, but unorganized monetary markets lack such a regulatory mechanism. This has become one of the problems in macroeconomics and disruptions in the flow of money and liquidity. Gharz al-Hasna funds, leasing companies and exchange offices are among the types of unorganized money markets.An organized market is one that is open and well-known. An unorganized market is a market that is not open and well-known, it is formed between individuals, and certain institutions that are registered according to certain rules and act according to certain rules are not involved in it. Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran Although it is legally responsible for supervising money markets, the lack of clear mechanisms and the lack of up-to-date legal rules and regulations in line with modern changes in the banking system have posed a serious challenge to the legal system of government and central bank supervision of unorganized money markets.

The main purpose of establishing legal mitigation of punishment from the beginning until now is in line with the principle of individualizing punishments and correcting and rehabilitating offenders and preparing them to enter society and prevent recurrence of crime and keep non-professional offenders away from professional offenders in prison. It also reduces the burden on prisons and avoids miscellaneous costs without social benefits. Achieving this goal will not be achieved except with the approval of appropriate laws and the accurate and correct implementation of the mentioned laws by the judges of the courts of first instance, appellate courts and execution judges. In the meantime, the method used by judges in applying mitigation rules and commutation of punishments in various cases has been discussed in such a way that in many courts in Iran, various procedures are applied in this regard, which causes public concern. And it has confused the people and the jurists. Therefore, by examining the obstacles and problems in the implementation of the legal establishment of mitigation of punishment, one of the important issues that can be effective in reducing the recurrence of crime and also reducing the criminal population is mitigation of punishment. The main question posed in this article is how to reduce the standard and appropriate conditions for correction and rehabilitation of criminals and increase their skills to return to society on the one hand, and reduce the financial and psychological costs of imprisonment by establishing a legal punishment. On the other hand?

Creating a new business is a process that is fraught with problems and failures. In addition, the cognitive orientation of potential entrepreneurs has a significant impact on their desire to continue entrepreneurial activity in the face of these problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of investor control on the performance of startups with a moderating role of expertise and experience. The present study is a survey in terms of the classification of descriptive research. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population consists of managers of startups in the field of organizational services. In this study, based on the Cochrane pheromone, a sample of 168 investors, founders and managers of startups participating and non-participating in the conference of startups in 1997 and active in various fields, have been selected. According to the purpose of the research, the hypotheses have been tested from the structural equation model through Smart.PLS software. The results showed that startup characteristics affect the investor control relationship on startup performance. Investor control affects the performance of startups. Startup characteristics affect the investor control relationship on the performance of startups. Investor experience and investor expertise moderate the relationship between investor control over startup performance. Economic conditions have moderated the relationship between startup characteristics over investor control.

This study aims to design and explain the maturity model of knowledge management and smart business with an organizational effectiveness approach in small and medium IT companies in Fars and Khorasan Razavi provinces. The statistical population included managers, experts and employees of information technology companies in 200 companies, of which 40 companies from Fars province and 50 companies from Khorasan Razavi province were easily identified and selected. The data collection method was a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. First, using the Asian Productivity Organization questionnaire with 65 questions, a total of 180 questionnaires were distributed among the statistical population and 178 completed questionnaires were analyzed. Then, to complete the information, using Delphi method, interviews were conducted with 6 experts in the field of knowledge management. In data analysis, Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship and De Summers test was used to determine the severity and regression test. Analysis of the findings showed that the effectiveness of the seven criteria of knowledge management, respectively, knowledge management results, 48.6%, knowledge processes, 48.5%, leadership, 52.6%, processes, 46.6%, People, 52.6%, technology, 28%, learning and innovation, 56.6%. Regarding the variable "smart business" with the approach of "organizational effectiveness" as well as "organizational effectiveness" and "characteristics of small and medium businesses", a significant relationship has been confirmed.

Considering the vulnerability of health and in particular mental health to the structural components of society as well as the theoretical adequacy of the theories of structuralist theorists such as Merton in the field of sociology of mental disorders, the theoretical framework used in this study was Mertoni. Hence, the hypotheses tested also derive from this framework.The purpose of this study was to compare the mental status of humanities students in Tehran and Kashan and the social parameters affecting them. The statistical population of the study consisted of humanities students in Tehran and Kashan. The whole statistical population was the University of Tehran and the University of Kashan. There were 300 members in each section of the statistical population. For the future hope variable, Snyder et al.'s questionnaire, for the health literacy variable, Montazeri et al.'s health literacy questionnaire, for the social support variable, the standard wax and colleagues questionnaire, and for the spiritual intelligence variable, the King standard questionnaire were used. The variables of self-care, social commitment and social participation were measured by researchermade questions and formal validity was used to confirm them; The Goldberg General Health Questionnaire was also used to assess mental health. Pearson correlation coefficients and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to analyze the data; The results of data analysis showed that all social parameters (selfcare, hope for the future, health literacy, social commitment, social support, social class, social participation and spiritual intelligence) affect the mental state of humanities students in Tehran and Kashan.

The issue of localization of humanities is one of the topics that has been discussed in the scientific communities of the country for many years. In fact, despite disagreements over the possibility or impossibility of localization, many experts seem to agree on the need to do so. That it is possible to have a clear and correct definition of science and also to determine the different coordinates and angles of localization, especially through the use of correct methods of production of indigenous science and further through more efforts in establishing interdisciplinary sciences and Finally, benefiting from the experiences of other communities; As has happened in China in connection with some of the humanities disciplines, the localization process has advanced, which is confirmed by the findings of this study.IntroductionBasically, the change in the humanities and social sciences is a precedent and considerable in the historical dynamics of human beings to reach a more desirable and better society. What scientific considerations based on the history of science reveal to us is that there has always been an interaction between the two fields of philosophy and the social sciences, although the term social science refers to human social studies historically appealing and can clearly be He said that the social sciences are the product of the modern age and the developments that result from it.

Nowdays, organization efficiency concept, is considered as one of the most important issues in the modern organizations. It is considered as an important concept, due to the beneficial information provides to the organizations` managers that increase organizational efficiency in the organization. The present article was done with the aim to determin organizational resilience training status and human resource management efficiency at Tehran municipality in 2019. The method was survey descriptive. The statistical society was all employees in 22 districts of Tehran municipality in 2019; among them 133 employees were selected in random classified method through Cochran formula. The information was gathered through researcher`s made questionnaire. The obtained results of one sample t- test revealed the status of municipality managers`attention to structural, managerial, communicative, recognition, behavioral and emotional factors was in average level. Moreover, the results of Friedman ranking test also proved that all six factors and their dimensions alongside together can improve organizational resilience with the aim of organization`s efficiency. Hence, it is possible to improve Tehran municipality employees` organizational resilience, including managers and other staff, in emergency situatons by considering structural issues with an accurate management, employees` cognitive features through communication creation among them and also by considering their behavior and emotions in the work place.

Special sports refereeing laws have value and validity at the national and international levels, and their benefits for sports have been fully proven. These laws are the basis for resolving sports disputes, which are ruled in national courts and sports arbitration courts. Although these rules may be different, they often grow from the same branch. New programs and new sports policies must be sensitive to the nature of refereeing rules and refereeing performance. It is clear that the scope of the arbitrator's authority in evaluating a solution in the new arbitration system must be carefully exercised. Special refereeing rules are of an established nature and have always led policymakers in sport to base their policies on the same refereeing rules to make it easier to resolve sports disputes.That is why situational policies in this area have always been peaceful in nature and emphasize the peaceful settlement of disputes. Therefore, in this article, we will examine the specific rules of refereeing and its impact on sports policies with a descriptive-analytical method and with library tools. In this regard, the refereeing process, and in particular the refereeing rules, should be designed to support and in fact to facilitate the optimal performance of independent refereeing, and the situational policies based on these rules should be more up-to-date and in line with the nature of sports.

Improving the productivity of financial markets plays an important role in the economies of countries. Given the bank-oriented financing system of most countries, it is important to know the ways to measure and increase the level of productivity in banks. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is investigating the short-term and long-term causality between capital adequacy, labor and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in a set of 10 banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2010-2017. So, Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Wald test have been used.So, Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Wald test have been used. According to the results, in the short run, a one-way Causality from capital adequacy to TFP is obtained. In the long run, the two-way relationships between labor and capital adequacy variables with TFP are positive. In this study, the error correction term, which indicates the speed of short-term adjustment to long-term equilibrium, has been evaluated.

The aim of this study was to design and validate a curriculum model for combating vandalism in junior high school based on the components of the hidden curriculum. The combined research method includes qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative part, qualitative content analysis is based on analogy. And in a small part is the consultation of experts. The statistical population in the qualitative section, including all available resources and materials in the field of components of vandalism from scientific sources, components of vandalism in junior high schools among students, previous research, opinions of professors and subject matter experts and search of databases and scientific Internet networks Was. In the second phase of quantitative research, the statistical population includes all high school students in Iranshahr. Qualitative information is first collected through interviews with students and review of available books and resources, then coded and categorized and analyzed information. Data analysis will be done using thematic coding in three steps 1 - Open coding 2- Axial coding 3- Selective coding Then the little information collected from the questionnaire of specialists and experts collected by SPSS statistical tools and their correlation method will be examined.

In fact, the social stratification of Iran from the third century AH to the thirteenth century AH was almost the same and similar, and in fact the texture, structure and political composition of Iran in the early Qajar era was not much different from previous eras. Because society was divided into two distinct groups, regardless of normal stratification. 1. The privileged and ruling class was at the top. 2- There was also a lower and non-ruling class. What was really going on in the Iranian society in the mentioned fields was very different from the Persian version and model, and questions about all these differences are automatically raised. Today, it is argued that the roots of today's political dilemmas go back to the recent past. In this study, the fundamental question is the political structure of Qajar Iran (a society transitioning from past traditions to modern life and Modern) is studied in order to be able to explain, analyze and describe the roots of the disorders of that era by examining the political structure of the Qajar era in European travelogues. In this research, descriptive-analytical method has been used with the help of referring to library resources.

In Iran, the findings of previous studies indicate a decline in the levels of political trust. The performance of financial management of political system, institutions as well as actors is among the factors influencing political trust. Thus, the present study aimed to analize the relation between the perception of Kermanian citizens on the performance of budgeting and their political trust in political system, institutions and actors in 2020. This study was a descriptive- correlation research which was done through a surveying methodology in Kerman city. According to Morgan’s table, a sample of 382 people was selected through random sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher- made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined using Cronbach's Alpha test. Pearson correlation formula were run to analize the data. Data were analized using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS. The findings indicate being a positive and meaningful relation between citizens' perception of the performance of budgeting and political trust. The findings show that the average level of political trust is low that can be restored and reformed by improving budgeting performance.

The international socialization is the internalization of the global norms. But these norms while the national internalization will be faced with the semantic system of countries. The case study of the mentioned object is Constitution Revolution, because it is the first international socialization of development in Iran. Around the effect of the structure of the semantic system on international socialization, our hypothesis is that the triple and conflicting construction of Iranian identity (antiquity, Islam and modernity) made the internalization of norms difficult and failed. This hypothesis is tested by constructivist approach and the method of historical sociology. Based on the findings, the elites of constitution made an extensive theoretical effort to reconcile antiquity, modernity, and Islamism. They presented a democratic reading of antiquity and Islam. However, this "falsification of knowledge" while internalizing of norms could not prevent the traditional and modern struggle of Iranian knowledge. This research can be a "historical basis" to study the interaction of development international socialization in the periods of Pahlavi and the Islamic Republic.

The aim of this study was to design and explain the process pattern of customers' buying behavior of organic products. This research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of applied purpose, in terms of approach, exploratory, and in terms of data analysis. In the qualitative phase of the research, in order to design a model based on the data theory methodology of the foundation, a group of experts in the field of agricultural products marketing, including university professors and marketing consultants in the field of organic agricultural products, who were familiar with marketing and marketing of organic food products, were selected. In-depth interviews were conducted. In the quantitative phase, customers of organic agricultural products in Tehran were considered as a statistical population and among them, 500 people were selected from the cluster sampling method with equal volume as a statistical sample. In the qualitative phase of the research, because the foundation data theory method was used, the main tool for data collection was in-depth and unstructured interviews with experts. In the quantitative phase of the research, the main data collection tool was a closed and researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 51 items that was designed based on the initial conceptual model. In the quantitative phase of the research, SPSS and Lisrel software were used for descriptive and inferential analyzes. Finally, the results of the research led to the design of a process model of customer buying behavior of organic products.

Environmental law is an important tool for monitoring and managing sustainable development. These rights are effective in determining environmental protection policies and measures, as well as the rational and sustainable use of natural resources. As emphasized in important international documents and terminals on the environment, including the Rio Declaration, in the long and difficult stages of human evolution on Earth, a stage has been reached in which man, with the help of the rapid advancement of science. And technology has gained the power to change the environment in a number of ways and on unpredictable scales; As a result of sustainable development, while its application is clear and common in the environmental law literature as well as development planning, it shows a special and multifaceted concept that from a theoretical point of view, the relationship between development and the environment can be He imagined three modes: the primacy of the environment over development, the primacy of development over the environment, and the equality of development and environmental considerations.

The present study seeks to analyze the nature of expected sukuk in Islamic jurisprudence; It's its challenges and inefficiencies. From this perspective, after expanding the conceptual space of the subject, it will examine the nature of the expected sukuk. According to the thematic documents presented in this research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information in this research is a library. And is one of the most prominent tools of Islamic economic development in society, which is expanding rapidly and has faced many challenges in two areas of principles and regulations; This article addresses some of these challenges, including sharia restrictions; The conflict of fatwas in Islamic finance and the religious risk in the use of securities in the field of fundamentals and lack of supply, stock exchanges, lack of necessary standards, legal and regulatory challenges and the problem of ownership in Sukuk in the field of regulations are addressed.

Today, developments in administrative law have given rise to new concepts. In recent decades, administrative law has sought to establish and seek methods and tools that seek to address the needs of administrative affairs and establish an efficient system. In this regard, many countries have adopted laws containing the basic principles and components of administrative law, which is very effective in creating a proper administrative system. "Good governance" is one of these emerging concepts. The present study shows that authoritarian political systems that do not arise from the people's vote and do not see themselves as accountable to the people are the most important factor for corruption in societies and administrative systems. Therefore, in the traditional models of government affairs, in order not to infect the administrative system with corruption, they proposed the theory of separation of the political system from the administrative system, but in the Islamic system, inspired by revelatory teachings, the political system is the basis of the administrative system. The way that health and corruption in the administrative system is affected by the health and corruption of the political system. Also, correct and fair judgment prevents the contamination of government employees and agents with various violations and ensures the health of the apparatus. Islam's special emphasis on securing the rights of judges and monitoring their performance due to the importance of the health of the judiciary on the health of agents Administrative offices.

The confrontation between tradition and modernity is abundantly seen in various aspects of life in today's society, including emerging marriages. Emerging marriages are marriages that have somehow departed from the specific customs and forms of the traditional world and given themselves a new nature. In this article, I intend to study emerging marriages from the perspective of political sociology and sharia, using analytical and descriptive methods and citing library sources. The result of the research is that emerging marriages, on the one hand, are the result of entering the modern world, which has also taken on a political form, and on the other hand, many of these marriages are in conflict with the sharia. In order to resolve this conflict, it is necessary to act in a way that does not lead to modernity, which is in a way impossible, and the principles of Sharia are preserved; because the criteria considered by Sharia are in the interest of society.

One of the most influential sects in the early history of Islam is the Kharijites. They suffered severe blows during the Umayyad period and, as their power and influence in the central lands of the caliphate diminished, they moved to more distant lands, such as North Africa.Groups of North Africans embraced the sometimes extremist political ideas of the Kharijites and succeeded in forming government in parts of the region. Examining the process by which this situation took place and the reasons for accepting Kharijite political and social ideas, it was concluded that the Kharijite anti-authoritarian ideas and beliefs were in harmony with the ideals and motives of the Barbarians, and mistreated the Barbarians who prepared them. In order to accept the teachings based on justice and freedom, the uprising against the oppression of the Umayyad governors paved the way for the acceptance of the Kharijite invitation by the Berbers and the development of foreign socio-political ideas in North Africa.

During the recent decades, ownership rights have drawn the attention of most of the countries in both the national and international aspects because these rights play essential roles in industrial development and technology enhancement and transfer. This has caused the countries to adopt proper approaches to the use of this potential and take measures in line with the support of the intellectual property ownership rights. Subject: Investigating the role of intellectual property ownership rights in economic development Investigating the quality with which the intellectual property ownership rights influence the economic development; in other words, the methods with which the intellectual property ownership rights influence the economic development. Study The present study is descriptive-analytical research; use has been made herein of the library resources for information gathering.Study Question: In what ways the intellectual property ownership rights can influence the advancement of economic development? It has been found out that intellectual property ownership rights can influence economic development through technology transfer, trade-economic booming, and identification of the appropriate choices in line with successfully keeping pace with the global economy.

of the failure of the Constitutional Revolution in bringing about change in the political structure of Iranian society. Among the existing literature, what has been paid less attention and even neglected is an analysis of the objective conditions of society, institutions and socio-political forces in Iranian society on the eve of the Constitutional Revolution. This has led some writers to provide an abstract and non-concrete analysis of the reasons for the failure of the Constitutional Revolution. Using the ideas of Pierre Bourdieu and examining the objective conditions of Iranian society on the eve of the Constitutional Revolution, the authors have come to the conclusion that "the failure of the Constitution was due to the lack of forces to defend the ideas of the revolution objectively, concretely and more importantly." Due to the nature of the subject, library and documentary methods have been used for data collection and qualitative analysis method has been used for data analysis. In terms of the nature of this research, it is descriptive and historical

The main purpose of this study is to explain how the variables of real GDP growth rate, investment, inflation rate, degree of economic openness and macroeconomic policy uncertainty as macroeconomic variables affect the share of appropriations allocated to the non-governmental (private) sector. The title of the index of development of Iran's banking sector during the years 1397-1397. To achieve this goal, first using the Gregory-Hansen co-integration approach as one of the appropriate co-integration methods in terms of structural failure, the existence of a long-run relationship between model variables was tested and then the experimental research model was estimated by dynamic least squares method. . The results of model estimation showed that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between variables and inflation rate and macroeconomic policy negative impact and variables of the degree of openness of the economy, real GDP growth and private sector investment have a positive and significant effect on the share of allocated credit. To the non-governmental sector of Iran during the study period. Based on the research findings, it is suggested that economic policy makers, by controlling the general level of prices and inflation rates and creating stability in the macroeconomic environment, provide the ground for improving the facilities granted to the private sector.

This study was conducted to design a model for the effectiveness of the national test on the hidden curriculum in high school.

The research method is a mixed exploratory method (qualitative-quantitative) which in the qualitative part is the data approach of the foundation and in the quantitative part is descriptive-survey. Statistical sample In the qualitative section, 12 experts in the field of educational sciences and psychometrics of Tehran universities were selected by theoretical sampling method and in the quantitative section, 374 secondary school teachers in Tehran cities were selected by stepwise random sampling method. The data collection tool is semi-structured in the qualitative part of the interview and in the quantitative part is a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 15 questions in a 5-point Likert scale. The method of analyzing the interview data was selected in the qualitative, open, coded and selective sections and in the quantitative section, confirmatory factor analysis was selected.

The research findings in the qualitative section included 15 open codes in the form of 5 categories (school physical structure, social atmosphere, school social relations, information and communication technology and encouragement and punishment mechanism) and the results of the quantitative section showed that the research model fits It is sufficient and the structure of school physics has more priority in the extracted model.

One of the basic features of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution is the presence of women and their role in organizations, associations and political scenes of the struggle against the Qajar government. Throughout Iran's history, the role of women in the field of political and social developments has rarely been considered, although the reasons for this neglect are a separate issue. During the Constitutional Revolution, Iranian women had the opportunity to overcome their intellectual and political limitations and to show and emphasize their political and social empowerment in Iranian society by helping the constitutionalists. The role of women in the Constitutional Revolution is not limited to the women of Tehran, and many women in other parts of the country, as well as women of different ethnicities and groups, were able to play a role during the Constitutional Revolution, so that some of these women The hands of the constitutionalists were also present. In this article, an attempt is made to discuss the role of women of different ethnicities and groups by examining the case study of Maryam Bakhtiari's baby. The author will use analytical-descriptive method to investigate this issue and will analyze the research data by qualitative method.

The present study tries to investigate the relationship between culture and economics in development discourses after the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Revolution development discourse as a standard discourse and by analyzing the relationship between this discourse between culture and economy, post-revolutionary development discourses have been analyzed as a practical aspect of revolutionary discourse. The method of the present study is discourse analysis based on constructivism and with combined approaches of Laclau, Mouffe and Fairclough. Findings show; The development discourse of the revolution was formed with the semantic system of development in the construction discourse based on the central signifier of moderation and economy-oriented development. The reform discourse with the central signifier of cultural development and tolerance emphasizes cultural development, and in the fundamentalist discourse, the semantic system is formed based on the central signifier of justice and the Islamization of science. The discourse of justice-oriented development, with the central signifier of development in the context of a resistance economy, defined economic development as its priority. As a result, the post-revolutionary development discourses, which all claimed to act on the ideals and goals of the revolutionary development discourse, each sought to form a distinct meaning from the meanings promoted by other rivals and to establish a different relationship between culture and economics; Therefore, the meaning of development and the relationship between culture and economy after the Islamic Revolution was never established, and this leaves the way for constant conflicts over the relationship between economy and culture in development discourses.

Political awareness is one of the topics discussed in political sociology and is an influential component in democratic societies. Therefore, recognizing the factors influencing the formation and expansion of citizens' political awareness of the necessities of democratic systems. Citizens' political awareness in the age of prevalence and domination of social networks are intertwined as means of information and awareness. In this study, the effect of using the Telegram social network, the most widely used and popular messenger in Iran, on the political awareness of Shiraz citizens has been investigated. This research is a survey and designed using a questionnaire with a sample size of 326 people, among the citizens of Shiraz in order to answer the question of what is the relationship between membership in the Telegram social network and political awareness among the citizens of Shiraz? Pearson correlation analysis and regression were used to test the hypotheses. The results obtained from the analysis of the questionnaire indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between the duration of use and activity of the Telegram user with political awareness. In fact, the time of use and activity of the user in Telegram has strengthened political awareness.

The purpose of this study is to change the nature and quality of political conflicts and its effect on political stability-instability during the presidency of Hassan Rouhani in Iran. Descriptive research method and data collection in the form of a library to organize research sources and findings. The present is a very broad and controversial topic, and examining all aspects of it is a difficult task and requires high political expertise and analytical power, in other words, the topic in question has some potential for discussion that other researchers can maneuver, in general. The results showed that Hassan Rouhani's period can be divided into two parts, the period before and after Borjam, in which Rouhani's government in favorable and unfavorable political conditions tried to implement scientific methods to prevent internal and external conflicts and They had the optimal management of the country and considering that many social, political and economic tensions and riots were designed and carried out by foreigners during Rouhani's term, but Rouhani and his government believed in an atmosphere of calm and dialogue and took advantage of the political and administrative situation. , By Hassan Rouhani It caused the country to enjoy more internal and external political stability and to move towards less conflict.country to enjoy more domestic and foreign political stability and to move towards less conflict.

925 / 5,000Translation resultsThe purpose of this study was to present and explain the job dependency model with the foundation data theory approach in Bank Melli of Mazandaran province. To achieve this goal, a qualitative methodology based on the data foundation method and using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin has been used. Open, axial and selective data coding methods were used to analyze the data. In this regard, 24 in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted using theoretical sampling and snowball technique of managers, bank experts as well as professors and management experts. Based on the research findings, the main research phenomenon was called "presentation and explanation of job dependence". "Individual and extra-organizational organizational factors" as causal conditions for presenting and explaining job dependence, "Performance evaluation system, staff training system, bank expansion throughout the country and the organization's perspective" as contextual factors and also "governing conditions "Business, individual-specific components and organizational-specific components" were identified as interfering factors from the perspective of the research participants.

Human resource management has had to implement organizational spirituality in its actions in order to apply and not be deprived of the competitive advantage created by efficient human resources. The purpose of this study was to design a model of organizational spirituality in human resource management of Khatam al-Anbia construction camp projects. The research method was qualitative. Research strategy The research method is case analysis (content analysis). The statistical population of the study was 10 successful projects of Khatam Al-Anbia (PBUH) construction camp and using the experiences of the commanders of the holy defense era who were serving in these projects. Data collection tools were in-depth semi-structured interviews that were analyzed by open, centralized and selective coding methods. The findings of the first phase of the research showed that the main components of the organizational spirituality model in human resource management projects of Khatam al-Anbia (PBUH) construction camp included: "Background", "Process", "Consequences", and "Human Resource Management".

In Islamic thought, Shia; He sees the continuity of divine sovereignty in the face of the Imamate and considers the intrinsic aspects of politics as principled and as one of the basic ammunitions of religion and, of course, a fundamental and research matter. The human mind has always been involved in understanding the various dimensions and angles of political power, and some have always sought an answer to the question of who rules and how. Having power is one of the basic conditions for the success of any government in preventing chaos and law enforcement, and in creating security and preventing aggression. Power is exercised when it has legitimacy.In this writing, based on narrative and intellectual sources, we seek to apply the issue of how much the Islamic Revolution, as a model of political power of the present age, the functional results of this power correspond to those principles; But for the reasons stated in this study, we have a long way to go to achieve the desired point in establishing justice and installment and fighting corruption, which we hope to achieve in the near future.

The Islamic Coalition Party is one of the parties with a long history in the contemporary political history of Iran, which in its many years of history has had many ups and downs with various governments. In this research, we will make a comparative study of the party's record in political, economic and cultural categories, which is also our main goal. The main question of the research: What was the position of the Islamic Coalition Board towards the present governments during the reform period until the end of the fundamentalist era? And the main hypothesis: the behavior of the Islamic Coalition Board with the governments in power has been different according to party principles. The results also depended on the government and the above components were different, sometimes they supported the government and sometimes they were strongly opposed to the government.The results also depended on the government and the above components were different, sometimes they supported the government and sometimes they were strongly opposed to the government.

Today, preserving the independence and territorial and border integrity of countries has been considered and emphasized as a global principle. According to the ninth principle, "in the Islamic Republic of Iran, freedom, independence, unity and territorial integrity of the country are inseparable preservation of them is the duty of the government people. No individual, group or authority has the right to inflict the slightest damage on the political, cultural, economic military independence and territorial integrity of Iran in the name of exercising freedom, and no authority has the right to exercise legitimate freedoms in the name of preserving the country's independence and territorial integrity. "Laws and regulations, deprive."Due to the importance of the issue of protection of land bordersexistence of different ethnicities and religionscountry, the present study has been conducted with the aim of examining analyzing the preservation territorial integrity from perspective of Imami jurisprudence jurisprudence four Sunni religions. The results of the descriptive research indicate that despite the differences between the jurists of the Shiite religionfour religions, the jurists four religions have formally accepted the unity in protecting the country's borders. Studies show that the jurists of the four religions, like the jurists Shiite religion, are organized in defense country against the invasion of the enemies, which is called defensive jihad.Accept and adhere . It is clear that the efforts and concerns of protecting the country's borders are not reserved for Shiite jurists, and the jurists of Sunni religions have considered border protection as an objective obligation.

The city of Neyshabur, which was considered one of the most important fortresses of Khorasan in the fourth and fifth centuries AH, was the center of activity of various religious groups and sects such as Shafi'i, Hanafi, Shiite and Karamiyeh. The Karamiya sect is attributed to Muhammad ibn Karam Sistani. This sect is one of the most important and influential sects of Neishabour in this period. The elders and scholars of the Karamiyya sect, using special methods and behavioral and ideological characteristics such as asceticism and a special account of their faith, were able to attract many people of this region and even some of the rulers of the time, and In this way, they had a great impact on the cultural and social developments of Khorasan, especially Neishabour. In this descriptive-analytical article, the aim is to use the sources to study and analyze the most important cultural and social activities and influences of Karamiyeh in Neishabour, which in the period under discussion, the scientific pole and one of The most important quatrain was Khorasan, let's pay. According to the sources, it seems that the Karamians succeeded in spreading Islam in this region in certain ways, and at the same time, the scholars of this sect engaged in scientific activities. Karamiyeh was very influential in building early monasteries in Khorasan and even other cities and countries.

The form of marketing in the world of politics has an important effect on the achievement of political goals by political actors. The existence of a marketing program allows individuals and parties to show a positive and better image of the candidates by considering the diverse interests and needs of the voters through marketing analysis. To win the election, candidates seek to use strategies that focus more on voters than on understanding how political values ​​can be demonstrated by implementing marketing strategies to promote themselves. The present study is a developmental research in terms of orientation and a qualitative approach has been used to collect data and content analysis method has been used to interpret them. The findings of the present study showed that candidates and political marketing strategists should include in the political marketing planning four levels of identifying the constituency and defining them, identifying candidates, positioning the candidate and targeting the voting groups and analyzing the results.

Recent political developments in Iraq in various political, securities, cultural and economic fields have affected the relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran with this country. With the formation of the democratic process and the rise of the Shiites in the new Iraqi political system, Iran has achieved a good level of convergence with the Iraqi government, and these developments have improved Iran-Iraq relations. For this reason, recognizing the contexts and obstacles of strategic relations and the political strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in establishing and establishing political stability in Iraq can pave the way for these relations. The main research question is what are the contexts and obstacles of strategic relations and political strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in establishing and establishing political stability in Iraq (2003 to 2020)? The purpose of this study is to investigate the contexts and obstacles of strategic relations and political strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in establishing and establishing political stability in Iraq (2003 to 2020). This research is of descriptive-analytical and qualitative type. Findings show that the context of strategic relations and political strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in establishing political stability in Iraq are components such as geopolitical, geo-economics components, cultural components of Iran-Iraq relations, new Iraqi political structure, Shiite geopolitics and relations. Iran and Iraq are the formation of Takfiri-Salafi groups.

Consumer behavior and instant buying behavior has been one of the topics of interest for marketing researchers in recent decades. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the psychological factors affecting instant purchase behavior.

This qualitative study was conducted using a phenomenological approach with the aim of understanding the experiences of people with sudden buying behavior and its consequences. Purposeful sampling method was used and 10 people were selected as the sample according to the rule of saturation and repetition of content. In order to encode the concept information, the sub-main and main structures were determined separately according to Strauss and Corbin theory. In the interviews, the concepts were extracted and after summarizing the duplicate concepts, then the sub-main and main structures were extracted based on them.

According to the findings, causal conditions included two categories of stimuli and cultural factor, stimulus category included internal and external stimuli that caused immediate buying behavior, and culture category included beliefs, attitudes and thought patterns proposed by It was a research sample. Also, the presence of others, price and attractiveness were the determining factors as predictors of purchasing behavior. Another important category in the emergence of purchasing behavior was the beliefs and thought patterns of the participants, which was coded as a category of culture and causal factor due to the roots of these thoughts in cultural norms and values. The consequences of the instant purchase experience in pleasant and unpleasant sub-structures were named.

Violence against women as one of the most widespread human rights abuses, has always been of interest to the international community, especially women's rights advocates. This has attracted the attention and sensitivity of various governments, including Iran, and has led to the enactment of numerous international laws, treaties, and documents aimed at curbing violence against women. According to this issue in the present study which has been done by analytical and descriptive methods, we want to review and analyze the existing Iranian laws and international documents on the prohibition of violence against women. The question that this study seeks to answer is what are the existing legislative criminal policies regarding violence against women? In fact, in answer to this question, the research findings show that that Iran's legislative criminal policy towards the prohibition of violence against women in different eras with the influence of treaties, conferences, resolutions, declarations, recommendations and numerous meetings by the United Nations and governments in the field Nationally, regionally and internationally, it has had different approaches in different laws, contrary to international documents. The results of the present study also indicate that the Iranian legislature, in its legislative criminal policy against the prohibition of violence against women, has three approaches: the principle of equality, positive discrimination and negative discrimination, and international instruments in their legislative criminal policy approach to the principle of equality and Recent decades have also focused on a supportive approach.

The present study is descriptive-applied in nature and based on qualitative and quantitative data in terms of method. The research methodology includes the study of theoretical concepts about social health and its dimensions, coordination and dimensions of strategy, as well as expert analysis. MACTOR software analysis tool. The results showed that in the first-order convergence matrix, what is clear between the parliament, the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare, the Program and Budget Organization, the Social Affairs Organization and the Welfare Organization is the strongest convergence in strategic health issues. It is social and there is the least convergence among other intervening actors. In the second order matrix, which measures the intensity of the alliance with the hierarchy of goals (priorities) of the actor pair. There is the most unity in the strategic issues of social health between the Program and Budget Organization and the parliament, and finally in the weighted convergence diagram, which can determine the number of possible alliances by considering the preferences of the actors in terms of their goals and competition. Between the Program and Budget Organization and the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare, the Welfare Organization and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, we can see the same preferences of the executive bodies in the field of social health and other organizations in lower convergent ranks. have.

With the enactment of the Law on Respect for Legitimate Freedoms and the Protection of Citizenship in 2004, the legislature paid special attention to the protection of citizens' rights in the criminal proceedings, and with the enactment of the Code of Criminal Procedure in 2013, this attention increased. In Article 7 of the recent law, the legislator, by establishing the "principle of observance of citizenship rights" while emphasizing the implementation of the above-mentioned law, developed both those covered by the law and providing special enforcement guarantees for non-observance of citizenship rights (which are neglected in the special law Had taken). It affected the guarantee of criminal executions in the existing criminal law, so that it eliminated the punishments in the relevant laws and considered only the punishment provided in Article 570 of the Islamic Penal Code (ta'zir) applicable in cases of violation of the citizenship rights of individuals, except That the relevant legal punishment is more severe than the punishment provided in Article 570.Penal Code (ta'zir) applicable in cases of violation of the citizenship rights of individuals, except That the relevant legal punishment is more severe than the punishment provided in Article 570.

Economic corruption is one of the serious problems of countries and even international organizations. Undoubtedly, the fight against this corruption is very important. High inflation, disorganized market, devaluation, closure of factories and severe fluctuations in the foreign exchange market, etc. It is the consequences of economic crimes and the Iranian legislature has tried to identify the factors influencing the occurrence of economic corruption and prevent and punish the perpetrators of these crimes by passing various laws. Numerous political, political, cultural and social factors are effective in the occurrence of these crimes. Their high benefit, intelligence of perpetrators, lack of foresight of regulatory mechanisms, dependence on power and influence are other factors affecting the occurrence of economic corruption. Iran's criminal policy in dealing with these crimes faces several challenges. Numerous legislative authorities, lack of clarity in the concept of economic corruption, lack of clear rules regarding these crimes and ..... are some of the challenges of Iran's criminal policy in the fight against economic corruption. In this study, which was conducted analytically and descriptively Factors influencing the occurrence of economic corruption and challenges Iran's criminal record in the fight against economic crimes will be examined and finally suggestions will be made.

Iran's Legislative Criminal Policy on Crimes Threatening Food Security with a Preventive ApproachAbstractEstablishment and sustainability, food security, as a human right to access adequate, safe and nutritious food, is directly related to environmental rights. In the field of food security and the right to food, there are many crimes, including food crimes and environmental crimes, which endanger food security and ultimately the health of citizens. Developed countries, meanwhile, have tended to pursue preventive criminal policies to prevent these crimes. In this article, we intend to explain Iran's legislative criminal policy against crimes threatening food security through a library method. The results of the study indicate that the non-criminal responses in question lack the necessary infrastructure to achieve the goal of prevention and criminal responses also lack sufficient coherence. The need for a special law entitled "Food Threatening Crimes" that covers food threatening behaviors is felt by the Special Court.Keywords: prevention, criminal policy, criminal law, health violations.

After World War II, conclusion of monetary and Financial treaties which led to the establishment of monetary and financial institutions such as International Monetary Fund and World Bank Group, linked the relations of international political economy to developments in international law.This paper is written with a descriptive-analytical approach that examines the relationship between international law and international political economy in that two institutions and hypothesizes that the hegemonic approach of the United States has been played a major role in forming, maintaining and changing norms of the international monetary and financial system. it shows that the Rest of international actors Have been passive position and mainly international norms in the field of money and finance have been decided from top to bottom by the hegemonic power and in some cases with the support of other northern states and international law and its values evolved in line with the menus of international political economy.

Victim protection is one of the new topics in criminal law that the methods of protection of victims of crime by the police include such things as the general attitude of protecting victims, stabilizing their legal status and compensating them for material and moral damages. As a result of committing a crime, various material and spiritual losses are inflicted on the lives, property, honor, dignity and soul of the victims and their relatives. How government authorities respond to victims can be effective in reducing their harm. The role of the police, as the first institution to which victims refer, is very valuable and significant in reducing injuries and providing for their needs and wants. The type of action and behavior of the police (in general) interaction can reduce the crime-related harm to the victim or, conversely, aggravate them, so it is necessary, given the importance of such a role for the police, to: The various aspects of this support should be examined. In this study, the support of the police for the victim is examined. The present study is a problem-oriented applied research in terms of application; Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to identify the theoretical foundations of police protection of victims. As a result, in recent years, the idea of victim protection has attracted the attention of criminologists, legislators, judicial officials and the police, and significant steps have been taken to protect victims. The police is the first institution that victims face.

Emphasis on the implementation of Iranian-Islamic cultural policies has made it impossible to compare and evaluate political cultural acceptability in society. The aim of this study was to identify the components of cultural development. This study is a qualitative research of grounded theory type and the research community consists of 10 experts in the field of cultural development. In the next step, the hierarchies were weighted and ranked using the AHP method. The questionnaire was prepared, distributed and collected. A small part of this research was conducted based on Krejcie and Morgan model in a community of cultural experts consisting of 298 center managers. Analysis of the interview findings showed that the basic components of cultural centers include religious, employment, national and indigenous, clothing, health, research, lifestyle, technology and communication. The results of the Hierarchical Survey (AHP) show that the religious and religious index is the first priority and the national and indigenous indices, coverage, lifestyle, health, research, technology and communication, the incompatibility rate is the second to eighth priority. Meanwhile, the average of each of the indicators shows that the indicators of coverage, religion, research, health, employment, technology, lifestyle and national and indigenous indicators had the highest averages, respectively, and these results indicate a gap. Between managers and decision makers of training centers and executives.

AbstractAccordingly, the present study was written with the aim of evaluating the impact of news management on organizational culture in news agencies under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. The statistical population included all employees of news agencies owned by the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, whose number was estimated to be 500 people. Using the Cochran's formula, 217 people were selected as a statistical sample through simple random sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect information and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. The descriptive results of the research showed that the average percentage of organizational culture is 74.6% and news management is 78.3%. The inferential results of the research also showed that the relationship between news management and its seven dimensions (main function of news reporting, people's needs, facilities and limitations, news management plans, desirability, speed of news and feedback and monitoring) with organizational culture in a statistically positive direction It is meaningful. Also, among the variables included in the regulatory model of organizational culture, the variables of good management maps, the main function of benevolence, desirability and feedback and monitoring remained in the model, which could explain 45% of changes in organizational culture that the variable of news management maps They had a higher relative impact and after this variable, the variables of main function of news, feedback, monitoring and desirability were in the next categories, respectively.

Electronic signature is one of the new concepts in the field of law, which despite being new, has not yet developed mature and efficient rules for it. Due to the fact that many matters are online and official letters are exchanged via e-mail to each other, the existence of an electronic signature that guarantees the credibility of the signatory is felt more than ever. Also, the society should feel safe about such a signature and look with confidence that this is possible only with accurate and up-to-date legislation. Considering such a background in this article, we are trying to explain the nature of electronic signature in the laws and legal system of Iran and France in an analytical-descriptive and library method. The results of the research show that Iran and France have included many UNCITRAL laws in their law and have accepted this type of signature as a valid reason in the courts, but in France, its value is very important.

In modern monetary economies, the real and financial sectors are contiguous. In particular, the activities of the financial sector, which equip savings and direct them to investment schemes, link the real level of activity and development of the two real and financial sectors through two basic variables of the real sector of the economy, namely investment and capital formation. A healthy and active economic system must have a financial system to deliver the money that people have saved to those who have the opportunity to invest. Therefore, coordination and moving along with the financial sectors is a necessity to achieve economic growth and development. If banks and financial institutions manage liquidity and resource allocation properly with liquidity and cost management, the benefits and costs of lending will certainly be lower. The present study was formed with the aim of "Designing an optimal model for allocating bank resources and expenses with a portfolio distribution approach". In order to achieve this, first a two-objective mathematical model is designed based on the scenario that the objective functions of this model are risk minimization and wealth maximization. The SPP-CVAR approach was used to estimate the risk and the historical simulation method was used to estimate its values. Finally, the robust optimization model is designed and solved using two particle mass algorithms and genetics with improvement procedure based on variable neighborhood search (VNS) and the research results are obtained.

Undoubtedly, the issue of immigration can be considered as one of the most challenging topics among the events of the second half of the twentieth century as well as the events of the twenty-first century, which cover not only various areas such as politics, society, culture, economy, ethics and family. It has made an impact, but its status and importance have attracted the attention of many prominent and well-known writers around the world to make the immigration crisis the main theme of their works. Among the emerging novelists of the last two decades, the French writer Laurent Godé should be considered one of those who has dealt with this subject. In this article, we try to analyze the consequences of the immigration crisis, analyze the realistic effects of Dorado's novel, as well as the mythical dimensions and symbolic elements in this novel. The results show that this work, although an objective depiction of the most bitter and tragic situation of suffering and helpless human beings, is full of purely realistic elements; However, like other works, these realist elements are so intertwined with symbolic and mythical manifestations that it is difficult to distinguish between them.

In economic markets today, in order to reduce risk and flexibility and the ability to attract liquidity, tools called derivative financial instruments are used, which due to their novelty in some legal systems, there are doubts about their nature and legitimacy. This study intends to investigate the gambling nature of the option contract as one of the most important derivative financial instruments in the two legal systems of Iran and the United States with a comparative and descriptive-analytical approach. Examining the features and nature of the option contract on the one hand and the features and characteristics of being a gambler in the Iranian and American legal systems on the other hand indicates that the suspicion that the option contract is gambling is not acceptable. It should also be noted that the risk in the option contract is different from the risk of gambling, as the risk in gambling is artificial and avoidable, while the risk of price changes is a commercial and real risk.

The course of life and explanation of the character and prophecy of Prophet Moses (pbuh) is expressed in the Holy Quran in a very glorious and mysterious way. It is necessary to decipher it at any time in accordance with the conditions of that era. In studying the teachings of the two books on the subject of the prophethood of Prophet Moses (pbuh), despite the differences in the level of teachings and Shari'a, there is a lot of consistency and coherence. The adaptation of the time of the people of Israel to the events of the Islamic era (which is emphasized in the narrations) adds to the necessity of research, and the concordance of the commonalities with the hopes and lessons learned from it can be highlighted. The paradoxical presentation of the character structure of Prophet Moses (pbuh) that is seen in some Old Testament expressions is influenced by the perception of the followers that is imposed on the Bible and should be refined. In this article, we tried to present various teachings in different dimensions of the personality and prophecy of Prophet Moses (pbuh) in two books and to compare them comparatively. In the end, after expressing the results of the article, it was suggested to strengthen the commonalities and pay attention to the great harmony in the teachings, to provide a suitable platform for comparative studies and to lead to more coexistence and interaction of the followers of the Abrahamic religion.

Ibn Khaldun is one of the few Sunni scholars who, despite many hadiths about Mahdism and the formation of the government by Imam al-Zaman (as) in the authentic books of Sunni narration, has denied it and cited his "theory of nervousness" which he It is considered definite; Denies the possibility of forming a government by Imam al-Zaman (as). He considers the formation of the government based on the theory of nervousness as proportion and considers the Imam of the Age (pbuh) in the end times as lacking its support. The purpose of the present study is to critique the Qur'an and the validity of Ibn Khaldun's theory of nervousness in the formation of the Mahdavi government, and for this purpose, this theory has been examined with a false and correct assumption. Given the assumption that the theory is correct, the research results state; The Holy Qur'an emphasizes the continuation of the generation of the Prophet (PBUH) and is undeniable, so Imam al-Asr (AS) can form a world government with the help of his relatives in the end times, and this does not contradict Ibn Khaldun's theory of nervousness. Assuming the theory is wrong, it states the results; Ibn Khaldun has erred in his argument. Although this theory has historical documents, but throughout history, many cases can be named that have been formed outside the framework of the theory of nervousness, such as the events of early Islam and the Quraysh opposition to the Prophet (PBUH).

The coming years will undoubtedly or will continue to face the widespread evolution of the age of communication and information processing in the lives of human societies. Cyberspace and electronic space, according to the technical conditions, have significant capacities for abuse in order to violate human privacy. However, content-related issues in virtual environments lead to the expression of specific issues that have not had much history in non-virtual environments. On the one hand, the common cases of privacy violations in cyberspace have significant features, and on the other hand, the creation of cyberspace has created new angles and grounds for violating the rules. Creating or producing, presenting, offering, providing comprehensive and non-comprehensive distribution of content and using electronic packages in the new space needs new do's and don'ts, so it is necessary based on the technical and legal characteristics of virtual environments and activities, privacy violation To be analyzed and examined in these areas, then the importance, role, rules and guarantee of content protection performances in the virtual environment should be determined.

The Middle East and West Asia region are known as sensitive regions with global effects. This importance is not unique to the contemporary era; Rather, since ancient times, this region has been the crossroads of the interests of the great powers, and the developments in this region have always had irreversible effects on global dynamics. After the 9/11 attacks, the United States first invaded Afghanistan militarily to include the concept of counter-terrorism in its defense and security policies, and in 2003 overthrew Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq. Apart from the collapse of the Taliban in Afghanistan and the Ba'athist regime in Iraq, these two military strikes had another consequence: the growing presence of the United States in the Middle East in general and West Asia in particular. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the US presence in the West Asian region on the strategies and policies of the regions of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Accordingly, the main question in this study is what effect has the presence of the United States in the West Asian region had on the regional strategies of the Islamic Republic? To answer this question, a review of the strategies and actions of the Islamic Republic shows that by interpreting this presence as a security threat, the country has tried to strike a balance of power with the United States at three levels: political, military and economic.

The present study is a comprehensive study to understand the spread of the concept of non-pecuniary damage in the legal system of European countries using historical and comparative analysis. In this study, the studied systems have been divided into liberal, moderate and conservative systems for accepting non-pecuniary damage. This research helps us to understand how and why European legal systems in terms of non-pecuniary damages have reached the point of increasing acceptance of this category.Compensation for non-pecuniary damages resulting from contracts is not permitted in some European legal systems, while in others it is limited or recognized by the legislature. Through a historical research, an attempt has been made to clarify the background of the current situation in the new law.In addition, with emphasis on case studies, this study seeks to provide readers with more details of the concept of non-pecuniary damage in today's systems. By comparing the differences and similarities of national legal systems, major approaches to this concept have been classified.

Local historiography is a representation of the past on a local and regional scale. Such research is characterized by thematic, temporal, and spatial constraints, and this provides the basis for a detailed look at social history. On the other hand, living in the geographical environment of the research gives local historians the opportunity to study and record all the phenomena that are of interest to them. Sadid al-Saltanah Kababi is one of the local historians of Bushehr who has left important works about the history of Bushehr and the Persian Gulf.In this article, an attempt is made to study the history of Bushehr and the Persian Gulf in the historiography of Sadid al-Saltanah in a descriptive-analytical manner. The findings of the research show that Sadid al-Saltanah, despite being a Qajar statesman, has not limited himself to chronicle writing and reporting for the historiography of this region.Unlike the law-abiding secretaries and historians of the court of her predecessors and predecessors, she gave a detailed description and analysis

Administrative litigation as one of the most important types of litigation in any legal system is related to individual freedoms. Thus, along with the chapter on hostility and the realization of justice, the discovery of the truth is one of the most important goals of administrative proceedings. Discovering the truth, which means the process of convincing the judge's conscience in obtaining the truth of the cases, is one of the most important challenges and issues in administrative proceedings; Because the process of discovering it is not simply possible. Accordingly, if the ultimate goal of administrative proceedings is to discover the truth, it must include characteristics and requirements. Accordingly, the judicial system with features such as the principle of publicity of the proceedings, the principle of expertise and correspondence and requirements such as the fulfillment of fair trial standards, the right to a lawyer, two-stage proceedings, results show that judges can not resort to methods that are outside the scope of the law to discover the truth. acquisition of evidence will be legitimate and lawful whenever the provisions of the law are observed and the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals are observed in the collection of evidence, but if, in the process of obtaining evidence, legal rules are violated, obtaining evidence is illegitimate and illegal. will be. Therefore, the mere legality of the study of reason or the legitimacy of the system of legal reasons is not sufficient to be presented in court; Because the reason must be obtained legally.

The link between modern sport and nationalism has been established and traceable since the beginning of the development of these two phenomena. On the one hand, sport has always been a platform for building, expanding, legitimizing and influencing nationality and national culture. On the other hand, it was governments and identity movements that helped strengthen, expand, and influence modern sport. In this study, considering the analysis of the link between sport and government - modern nations, the results of 34 in-depth interviews with 28 experts, academics and athletes have been analyzed with a background method. In addition to physical activity, exercise is a process for metamorphosis and the production of identity ideas for these participants. Therefore, the answer to the fundamental research question on how national identity influences sports and sports policy, extracting key concepts such as national pride, continuation of socio-gender norms, consolidation of ideology and political propaganda, the present study shows that the issue of identity in sports as a process for the production and transformation of identity ideas, it has been used in terms such as "sports nationalism" or "sports patriotism". .

By re-reading the thought of ancient Iran and its components, Suhrawardi seeks to compensate for the semantic and identity gaps created in the social contexts of his time by adopting a new semantic model of the concept of power and its various aspects. Therefore, it can be assumed that Suhrawardi considers the cause of such semantic-identity gaps in the historical rupture that appeared in his time. A profound rift between wisdom and government that requires a systematic philosophical reconstruction. He seeks to draw a relation between the ruler and wisdom and provide the conditions for its possibility in his crisis-stricken society by dealing with the examples of the ideal ruler and explaining their characteristics in the thought of the ancient Iranians who are the bearers of wisdom and the recipients of Farkiani. The present article seeks to answer the important question of what is the relationship between wisdom and government in Suhrawardi's thought by relying on the approach of linguistic-semantic understanding attitudes and using Skinner's realistic hermeneutic method (text-based, context-based). ? For this purpose, while examining the background and time of Suhrawardi, the ontological and epistemological foundations of his philosophical system have been considered in order to gain a correct understanding of the nature of Suhrawardi's political thought. The hypothesis of the present study is that in the framework of Suhrawardi's philosophical-political system, these two fundamental and important categories have an obligatory relationship.

One of the remarkable properties of modernism is rationalism and intellectualism. In modern era, intellect is a reliable and credible tool to recognize existence; hence, it is known to be the most predominant tool of cognitionIranian society was influenced in terms of modernity and rationalism as the foundation of culture of modernity.Influenced by modern rationalism, the contemporary poets have doubted a number of popular beliefs, destiny and fatalism. Manifestations of modern rationalism can be observed in the poetry of some poets like Nima, Shamlou, Akhavan, Shafiei-e-Kadkani, and the like. The present study employs descriptive-analytic method to analyze the manifestations of rationalism in poetry of the mentioned poets. It has been discovered that under the influence of modern rationalism, the contemporary poetry has rejected interference of supernatural powers in the destiny of human being, fate, superstition, and popular beliefs and instead has taken intellect to be the source and pivotal point.

One of the most successful and popular novels of recent years is "Autumn is the last season of the year", which also won the Jalal Literary Award in 2015 and was published for the fortieth time in a short period of time. The main subject of the novel is the "existential" and "situational" preoccupations and anxieties of three girls from the sixties named Roja, Leila and Shabaneh. Each character faces the challenges of experiencing metropolitan life such as immigration, personal and social identity, and emotional relationships with an emphasis on the anxieties of the new generation. This descriptive-analytical study seeks to analyze and critique the element of ecology as one of the most important narrative elements according to David Herman's theory in this novel. The result of the analysis shows that the author uses homogenization techniques such as loneliness struggle as one of the most tragic aspects of modern life, the issue of love and accurate description of inner feelings, existential and situational apprehensions including loneliness and failure to achieve ideals. Optimal; It has been able to induce a sense of ecology along with other narrative techniques. Despite Maten's success in inducing a sense of ecstasy in the character of Leila and Roja, he has not been very successful in inducing this sense in the character of "Shabaneh" due to his constant doubts in inducing a sense of ecology.

The celebrities of the Safavid era in various fields and specialties were among the most important factors that shaped the different situation of the Safavid era compared to before and after. Safavid attention to scientists, poets, theologians, architects, painters and other disciplines of the minute sciences and humanities made possible the wide dimensions of their development. Although the scope of these developments was universal and national, some regions were more important among the provinces and provinces of the country for various reasons. Among them, Gilani celebrities in the Safavid era can be mentioned as an example. Among the diligent Gilanis in various fields in the Safavid era, the city of Lahijan was prominent. One of the most famous figures of the Safavid era, "Mullah Abdul Razzaq Fayyaz Lahiji" has been one of the influential figures in many humanities in this period. Rahchend is known as a theologian and philosopher, but he also excelled in mysticism, poetry, astronomy, and jurisprudence. The present article deals with his position in the Safavid era with a descriptive-analytical approach and based on studies, it is concluded that Fayyaz Lahiji was not only a figure among the many Safavid celebrities but also his contribution to the development of Sadra philosophy, his theoretical and written reflections. To the philosophers before him and finally to the theological and philosophical works he left behind, they were all among the influential factors that significantly changed and improved the level of knowledge of the time.

The purpose of this study is the selective competence of administrative and law enforcement officers in managing group freedoms (gatherings and marches) and competence determines the scope of action and activities of the administration; An important issue in public law regarding jurisdiction is that the principle is incompetence; Unless authorized to the public by law. Competence is obligatory and selective; In the second category, the administrative authority has the power to choose and can choose from several options. Supervision is doubly important as one of the fundamental issues of public law in selective competencies; Although the public authority has more freedom and initiative in this type of jurisdiction, this does not mean making arbitrary decisions. One of the most challenging missions of administrative and law enforcement officers in terms of attention in the community is to maintain order in the management and control of crowds that have been formed with the aim of protest. Is. However, the abuse of these powers by administrative and law enforcement officials is one of the issues that has raised many concerns, and it is better to limit the selectivity to more limited.

It is our right to keep various aspects of life hidden from others, and both the Shari'a and the law forbid spying on the work of others; But sometimes secrecy is not only not protected, but it is also a crime and punishable. Secrecy is not a crime in itself, but sometimes because we secretly endanger public order and security, the legislature has criminalized some forms of secrecy. The purpose of this study is to investigate Iran's criminal policy towards crimes based on secrecy with emphasis on the elimination or concealment of evidence and evidence of a crime. The method of compiling this research is descriptive-analytical. Findings indicate that the current and conventional criminal approach, given the growth and development of technology and the possibility of using it to conceal these crimes, is not comprehensive and sufficient and the criminal justice system in the process of detecting, prosecuting, and punishing perpetrators Crimes born of secrecy face hardship; Therefore, careful identification and investigation of such crimes is necessary due to the multiplicity of crimes and the difficulty of discovering, investigating and evaluating the evidence. Therefore, in the absence of such a policy, the legislature does not react to these major crimes, and the law needs to be amended in this regard, which can only be discovered and investigated through scrutiny and transparency in the constituent elements. It will be possible to punish these crimes.

The Timurid era was one of the most efficient cultural periods in Iran in terms of literature and art. Because the policies of Timur and his successors provided a good ground for cultural activities.The flow of poetry in the Timurid era expanded and flourished as it was welcomed and materially and spiritually supported by the Timurid sultans. Due to the status and high impact of poetry in the Timurid era, Timurid kings and princes used poetry effectively to convince and achieve their goals in political relations. The use of poetry in the political letters of the Timurid period was common and was considered a privilege and a virtue. Poets and writers in the Timurid era had a high political and social status. Thus, Timurid kings and princes were equally important to poetry. Thus, for the Timurid sultans, poetry was an influential tool in the politics of domestic and foreign relations. Although the Timurid rulers were fond of poetry and poets, and many of them wrote poetry themselves; But the cost of Timurid kings and princes for the development of poetry was politically motivated and met their political expectations.

One of the most common ways of commercial activities in a current era is electronic business in a way that it turns to be the most principal tool of financial trade in developed countries. This research tends to present the model for optimization of marketing successfulness and customer relationship management in electronic businesses and electronic services. The current research is descriptive-scrolling in terms of nature and method that is emerged by approach. The statistical society consists of 2500 of active customers in the area of electronic services.Fuzzy Delphi method, analytical hierarchy process, fuzzy network analysis, the process of fuzzy network analysis is used for data analysis. The findings showed that after ranking the factors, the criterion of price in a 14th place, the criterion of sales promotion in a 7th place, the criterion of branding in a 1th place, the criterion of perceptual/emotional factors in a 11th place, the criterion of hardware facilities in a 5th place, the criterion of software facilities in a 2th place, the criterion of social medias in the 4th place, the criterion of technologic features in the 3th place, the criterion of networking in a 5th place, the criterion of innovation in a 13th place, the criterion of customer orientation in the 8th place, the criterion of digital marketing in a 15th place, the criterion of inter organizational factors in a 12th place, the criterion of marketing in a 10th place, the criterion of customer relationship management in a 8th place.

The evolution of modern education in Iran dates back to the constitutional era, which changed its form and content from traditional to modern with fundamental changes in the education system. In the first Pahlavi era, with the establishment of various laws, the issue of public education was addressed more seriously. However, modern education in the second Pahlavi era suffers from a lack of a coherent program in the field of public education, especially in rural and nomadic areas. In order to solve this problem, in January 1972, the plan of the Knowledge Corps was approved, according to which the educated youth, after a training course, went to educational areas instead of military service and served as the forces of the Knowledge Corps. This project affected the Iranian educational system for nearly two decades in all areas, including the rural and nomadic region of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The present study has been compiled using the documents available in the National Documents and Library Organization and local data with a descriptive-analytical approach and seeks to answer the question that the performance and challenges of the Knowledge Corps in the field of expanding public education in What was the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari region like? Based on this, the research findings show that despite the mountainous location, the predominant nomadic and rural population and also the many problems of implementing the plan of the Knowledge Corps, this institution was able to generalize in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province between 1342 and 1357.

The Prophet's biography has long been considered by Muslim writers in terms of theoretical and practical importance. Undoubtedly, correct and successful research in this regard requires that all available sources and narrations be considered and critiqued. Although the book Safina al-Bahar is one of the later sources, it is more important for cataloging the book Bihar al-Anwar and collecting scattered narrations from various Shiite sources.The main purpose of this study is to explain the cultural components of Islamic civilization based on the book Safineh Al-Bahar. Therefore, an attempt is made to study and explain the approach of the Ship of the Sea as a Shiite source to the components of Islamic civilization.Considering that the basis of the book Safina al-Bahar is based on the knowledge of hadith and the works of the Ahl al-Bayt of infallibility and purity; The theoretical framework of biography research and documentary-library method along with filing tools have been used for writing.

This study aims to examine the theoretical foundations of right and duty in the thought of Kant and Habermas, two German thinkers of the eighteenth and twentieth centuries, and the educational implications derived from those foundations.Method of this research; In terms of research and practical purpose and according to the type of data used, it is of historical-analytical and argumentative type.Findings of the research show that Kant and Habermas's legal views are influenced by two social and epistemological contexts, and these two views - the first of which focuses on highlighting the role of the subject (mind) in cultural, social, political and legal developments, and the second It focuses on the subject's interactions with social factors, in response to the needs of their time. The educational implications of the views of these two are presented in exactly the same context. The results of this study showed; During the comparison and discussion of these two systems of thought, which consider both human intellect as the only refuge for the development and realization of intellectual and institutional modernity, we will try as much as possible to discuss the issues raised, especially in the field of education and culture and territorial conditions. We Iranians should also be expanded to benefit from the issues raised both for a better understanding and possible use for the Iranian education system.Keywords: Kant, Habermas, Right, Homework, Education

This article, which is taken from a doctoral dissertation entitled "Analysis of the educational-governmental biography of Prophet Yusuf (pbuh) in the Holy Quran and Imam Ali (pbuh) in Nahj al-Balaghah", examines the rights of the people in two examples of divine government on The land is covered.From the point of view of the Holy Quran, rights flow between divine creatures and are applicable to each other. Rights are not just among human beings that if someone has a right over another, that person also has a right over him, but this other includes creatures, including humans, animals, plants, and so on. Therefore, rights are not defined in the Qur'an in human terms. One of the most important rights in human society is the right of the subjects over the governor and the right of the governor over the subjects, the fulfillment of which will have positive effects and, on the contrary, the non-fulfillment of it will have negative effects. The basis of divine commands has been considered Among these rights, the welfare and comfort of the people and the security of society have also been given special attention.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and identify the effect of interactions (continuous interaction, discrete interaction) on cultural capital and symbolic capital in the citizens of Isfahan.

The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study was people living in 15 districts of Isfahan, which according to the last census conducted in 2016, was 1961260 people. In this study, the sample size was calculated using G * Power software. The sample size with ρ = 0.17 was 384 and based on the percentage of population in the 15 regions of Isfahan, the number of samples in each region was determined. Sampling was done by quota. In this study, Boholst (2002) Life Scale Questionnaire was used to collect information about life situation; Researcher-made questionnaires were also used for cultural and symbolic capital.

The results in the descriptive statistics section were analyzed using SPSS-21 software and in the relationships between variables section by structural equation modeling method using Amos software. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the types of interaction and cultural capital and symbolic capital.

It can be concluded that the more positive and continuous the interaction, the more cultural capital and symbolic capital. In addition, the results of the study showed that there is a relationship between cultural and symbolic capital and interactions.

The Good Governance Index is a sociological concept used in business, economics, the humanities, and public health to refer to intra-group relationships. In today's changing world, governments alone are unable to meet new needs and need new models to maximize all of society's capacity to be used in the public, private, and civil sectors. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of good health governance in the Ministry of Health (a case study in Tehran University of Medical Sciences). In this article, six indicators of accountability, public participation in community management, control of corruption, quality of rule of law and political stability have been used. To collect data, the Delphi expert survey method and a questionnaire were used. The results of Delphi analysis, after three stages of expert opinion, led to the theoretical confirmation of the 38-component model. In the following, the results of structural equation modeling indicate the fit of the research model. Based on the field data, there is a positive and significant relationship between the mean of good governance and health.

Pierre Bourdieu, the context in which actors and groups operate in a particular space and under the rules that govern that space; Refers to the field. The cinema field of the Pahlavi period is one of the main fields of art and culture of the contemporary period. This field became two distinct fields due to macro-social and cultural policies. Popular cinema field and New Wave cinema field. In each field, the actors adopted strategies because of their character and capital; The actors of the popular cinema field were mostly looking for economic capital and income generation, and this affected the quality and quantity of their productions. In response to the decline in the form and content of popular cinematic works, New Wave Cinema produced works with formal and content qualities. In the meantime, the distinctions and dichotomies that were the result of macro-policies and were formed from the developments of society such as urban growth, class transformation, consumerism, the growth of the entertainment industry, etc., and had an effect on the formation and differentiation of two cinema fields. Also appeared in the content of cinematic works. In this article, the descriptive-analytical and descriptive-comparative methods are studied to distinguish between two cinematic fields of the Pahlavi period. The way information is collected is documentary, and social and cultural assets are extracted from the biographies of the main actors in each field.

Each of the literary arts and crafts, if it lacks the element of creative art, shows itself only on the level of a work and remains as an imitation of the works before them! The industry of allusion, which is one of the most widely used literary techniques, is no exception, and the more artistic innovations in it, the greater its impact on the audience. Due to the fact that the industry of allusion reached a certain development and expansion in the Indian style, the poets of this period, including Biddle Dehlavi, also used this industry in their lyric poems. But at the same time, Biddle's view of allusion is not like that of his predecessors and contemporaries! Although Biddle is less Carterian in his use of the industry than his contemporaries, he has tried to innovate as much as he has. In this article, we have examined examples of Biddle's novel themes in Persian poetic allusions, which in many of the repetitive allusions used in Persian poetry, have added components to these allusions that before him, other poets from These angles did not look at the allusion.

Legal supervision, as a kind of primary and direct supervision, is a driving force and accelerates the process of proceedings in the Court of Administrative Justice.The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of legal supervision of specialized boards of the Court of Administrative Justice. In fact, the question is whether the role of legal oversight of the specialized bodies of the Court of Administrative Justice is fundamentally justified.Therefore, this research has studied the descriptive-analytical method and in the form of library by examining the law of organization and procedure of the Administrative Justice Court and the jurisdiction, duties and procedure of the Administrative Justice Court, the function of legal supervision of specialized committees.Article 84 The Law on the Organization and procedure of the Court of Administrative Justice in a way expresses the legal basis of the role of legal supervision of specialized committees. Decisions of specialized broads in the form of theory regarding the declaration of similarity, conflict of votes, unlawful of the enactment, the declaration of the theory acknowledging the application of Articles 85 and review Article 91 of the Court Law are among the cases of legal supervision of these specialized boards.In fact, all the comments of the specialized broad, except for the cases of non-annulment of the enactment in the form of voting, it is considered as an advisory theory, are among the functions of the legal supervision of the specialized broads of the Court of Administrative Justice.

Xinjiang Muslims can be considered one of the most important considerations of the Chinese government's internal security, which has also affected the country's foreign and security policy. Although this issue is influenced by the social identity of the Muslims in the region and the Chinese government's policy of "assimilation and integration", the security and political priority of this issue in China is not only affected by its internal conditions but also by regional conditions. International also plays a prominent role in prioritizing it. In this regard, the situation in the Central Asian region after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 has had a direct impact on China's security priorities in the Xinjiang region. In fact, although Beijing was the second emerging power after Moscow to put the full development of its relations with these newly independent republics primarily on the political and security fronts and secondarily on economic and cultural issues. But at the same time, it was affected by the internal challenges and harms of these countries. The findings of this descriptive-analytical study show the proximity of Xinjiang region and the identity and cultural closeness of its inhabitants with the Central Asian tribes, separatist movements, religious extremism, terrorism and drug trafficking in the field of sensitivity and Beijing has been strict about the political and security issues of the region and its Muslims.

China's Belt-Road Initiative is quickly becoming one of the most ambitious international projects. Regardless of the great potential of the Belt- Road Initiative to shape international trade and, more broadly, international relations between participating countries and beyond that, scientific studies have so far largely neglected the question of how this initiative is associated with modern approaches to regionalism and regional integration. In this study, we analyzed the contexts in which the China’s Belt- Road Initiative through Iran's position can reinforce regional convergence in Southwest Asia. The main question of the present study is what effect does position of Iran in China’s Belt-Road Initiative has on convergence in Southwest Asia? In response to that question, it was argued that the communication and transportation position of Iran within China’s Belt-Road Initiative can provide the expansion of economic, infrastructural, and communication associations of convergence in Southwest Asia. As a result, by accomplishing the infrastructure projects, especially in the range of road and communications, Iran can improve its position as a go-between and hub of the region and lead to the development of convergence in the regions of Southwest Asia.

Accountants in the world of economic progress today have the necessary professional skills, without which the current economic organization can not exist.The occurrence of financial misunderstandings in accounting is not a new issue and we expect it to have a new misunderstanding, the title of the original law. Are there any shortcomings in the laws and regulations and standards of non-ethical behavior of accountants?Research background shows that professional ethics has not been very successful in institutionalizing ethical principles in professional accountants.Reporters report that financial institutions do not have the scientific ability to do so, but rather because there is a lack of professional ethics between professionals and professionals. Reporters report that financial institutions do not have the scientific ability to do so, but rather because there is a lack of professional ethics between professionals and professionals. Reporters report that financial institutions do not have the scientific ability to do so, but rather because there is a lack of professional ethics between professionals and professionals.

 The definition of crime is in the realm of "beings", but the concept and nature of crime is in the realm of "musts", in other words, what behavior is a crime, we have a reference to the examples allowed in law and based on these examples in existing laws we recognize it. But what behavior should be a crime is a matter for the legislature The definition of a crime varies depending on the type of religious or non-religious view of the world and man, as well as the method of discussion adopted in the relevant field. Artificial and predetermined waiting for the word "crime"; In such a way that its definition or non-definition is the same in criminal law.In most legal definitions of a crime, the legislature has defined a crime as "a behavior for which punishment is prescribed by law"; By providing such a definition, criminal jurists consider their duty accomplished; This is despite the fact that there are formal objections to this definition, such as; Ambiguity in the determination and manner of segregation, lack of distinction of crime from similar concepts, lack of comprehensiveness and obstruction, and that this definition refers to the consequences, as well as substantive objections, including; The basis of criminology is not clear, the crime is an institutional crime, there is a lack of clear rules and references to the examples in the law, which are addressed in this study. 

According to the Convention on the Rights of Women, any discrimination against women should be abolished and women should have equal rights with men, but the humanist, feminist and secularist roots of this convention prevent all aspects of women's rights from being addressed in society. These Western ideas have caused political and economic rights to be considered more than civil and social rights, and this issue has led to double discrimination against women. That is how the construction of rights from women is such that women have established themselves in a position of dependence and only dependence from patriarchy has been transferred to legal institutions such as government institutions. The convention also, with its negative approach, causes a gender gap in the legal system of societies. Because the existing model of defending women's rights in this convention is born of a special type of principles and intellectual principles accepted in the West, which leads to the dependent construction of women in human rights. In other words, the intellectual context of the convention has led to the construction of women And a female identity should be produced in the shadow of a patriarchal view that applies the same structures of domination to women with a different view. This view has meant that, more than half a century later, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women has failed to achieve significant or lasting results in favor of women.

c.The purpose of this study is to investigate and recognize the social and legal benefits of forming an economic benefit group and distinguishing it from civil society. In 2010, the legislature, following some developed countries, in the form of Article 107 of the Fifth Five-Year Development Plan Law, provided the basis for the formation of an economic benefit group for joint economic and commercial activities. Real and legal is done in the form of a civil company. It has various effects and benefits such as facilitating and expanding economic and commercial activities, industrial economic exchanges, etc. for a limited period. As mentioned, the economic benefit group It is similar to various institutions, such as civil participation in jurisprudence. Accordingly, the main question that this research intends to answer with a descriptive-analytical method is what are the social and legal benefits of forming an economic interest group and what are the commonalities and differences between this group and a civil society company. The research findings show that, due to the provision of legal infrastructure, the formation of this type of economic cooperation and the appropriate dimensions for its expansion, will have different effects on economic development and improving the quality of services. Of course, it should be noted that the economic benefit group has the same nature and meaning with different institutions such as civil companies, and the concept of civil company is emphasized in Imami jurisprudence.

In the political sociology of Safavid Iran, the ideologicalization of religion on all elements of government and sovereignty is considered an important matter and this issue causes a kind of ideology within the Iranian schools and schools of education in this period and confirms the system of governance and A government will come out. In other words, the Safavids in the category of political sociology of Iran base all their economic, security, cultural and social projects in the form of the official ideology of the Shiite government and accordingly demand such an output from all existing pillars. The ideological theorizing of the Safavid rule is one of the important cases of political sociology in Iran at that time, which is looked at in this study based on Modarres Khan of Shiraz and Chaharbagh.This research has filled the political sociology of the educational system in the Safavid era in a library manner and in a descriptive-analytical manner.

In Article 54 of the Law on Elimination of Barriers to Competitive Production and Upgrading the Financial System of the Country and Subsequent By-Laws, the legislator has delegated broad powers to a body called the "Interference Elimination Commission" its purpose is to eliminate conflicts in the land’s area, establish a single institute for resolving disputes and finally, removing barriers to production and improving the economy, if the land is the subject of a simultaneous dispute between the said commission and the court, some courts, after inquiring about the matter from the commission, will issue a warrant until the outcome of the investigation is determined in the relevant authority, which seems to be a step forward to create the structure of the unit should be in order to resolve disputes in the land’s area. Since the mission of the commission is land dispute resolution and it is assumed that it has the necessary and sufficient expertise and experience in this area, so in case of conflict, it can probably be said that the issue is a case of retrial according to the Code of Civil Procedure.

One of the fundamental and effective principles in the formation of contracts is commitment and adherence to obligations. However, the implementation of the principle of fidelity to the covenant is often encountered in such a way that the occurrence of these obstacles sometimes makes the implementation of the contract subject impossible and sometimes its implementation is accompanied by great difficulty and difficulty. One of the problems that always threatens the fulfillment of contractual obligations, especially long-term contracts, in addition to prohibitive events, is the disturbance of the economic balance of the exchanges due to unpredictable circumstances.The aim of this study was to investigate the difficulty of contract implementation in the 1980 Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods through a descriptive-analytical method and the following results were obtained:There is no excuse for the performance of contractual obligations under Article 79 of the Convention. This article states that in case of non-fulfillment of the obligation due to unpredictable and uncontrollable obstacle, the obligor is exempted from paying damages. An important point in the Convention regarding the excuse of contract execution and exemption from damages resulting from breach of contract is the non-use of concepts and expressions of domestic law in relation to the obstacle that causes the exemption; Because the purpose of the convention was to bring closer the principles and rules of law and the ways governing international trade relations and to eliminate differences and conflicts.

Today, the right to imprisonment is considered as one of the progressive rights in the written law of most countries. The issue of abuse of rights is mentioned in Article 40 of the Constitution and some articles of the Civil Code, but the issue of abuse of the right to imprisonment in the Civil Code or special regulations is not specifically addressed in independent articles. In line with the right to imprisonment in Canadian law, which's legal system is derived from the Commonwealth legal system, the issue of abuse of the right and in some articles civil liability is mentioned. Under Article 1457 of the Canadian Civil Code, a sane person is required to pay compensation for his or her fault, which may result from the abuse of the right to imprisonment. Therefore, according to library studies and analysis and description of existing sources and regulations, the issue is studied. However, the issue of abuse of the right to imprisonment cannot be considered trivial in Iranian and Canadian law, and this issue has been recognized as an important principle.

Arguments for proving God are arguments for proving the existence of God in a rational way. Belief in the existence of God is the most important religious belief among the followers of the divine religions. This research aims to provide a clear horizon of proofs of the existence of God. There have been different views on the existence of God for a long time. Some see the existence of God as obvious and needless to argue, because there is nothing clearer than God to come to know God through it. Others have argued for the existence of God. In this research, the author has studied the proofs of the existence of God from the point of view of Etienne Gilson with a descriptive-analytical method. This article has been compiled in a library method using written texts, publications and internet search. The research method is descriptive analytical.The results of the research prove the existence of God with the presented reasons.

This research focuses on the narration of social harms within the Iranian contemporary cinema (in 40s to 80s).The research methodology used here is of qualitative nature and an exploratory research that uses a Thick depiction of the phenomenon being studied. Data gathering and sampling is based on a targeted qualitative approach. Therefore, movies produced since 40s to 80s which showcase social problems and harms are targeted and in each decade 10 films with using targeted sampling are chosen as examples.In order to break down and analyze the data’s using discourse analysis method of “Ruth Wodak” and “Paul Gee” each film is divided to different language genres and 7 questions that Paul Gee has brought up for discourse analysis are answered. And also for each film an analyze is presented and social harms which are mentioned in each film are separately written in a different chart.The most important finding of this research is that Iranian cinema (since 40s to 80s) has depicted varying narrations of social harms based on the economical, social, political and cultural setting of the society.

The purpose of this paper is to compare the extradition liability and unfair use of jurisprudence and law in Iranian jurisprudence. The findings of the study indicate that although the causes of coercive guarantee in Imami jurisprudence and law alone are not able to fully cover the new and exchangeable cases of unjustified and unjust possessions, so the "rule of sanctity of all property to falsehood" to The title of an indisputable jurisprudential rule can be the basis for proposing a new source of responsibility in Iranian law under the title of "guarantee resulting from unreasonable and unjust use" and explain its conditions and effects. There is disagreement in jurisprudence about the amount of liability and compensation. Therefore, this research has reached the conclusion with a descriptive-analytical method that, in Iranian law, influenced by Islamic jurisprudence, extradition liability can be identified, but it has been neglected in the procedure of courts and doctrine.

The purpose of this article is to examine the uncertainty of oil prices, inflation and exchange rates and its impact on tax revenues and its compliance with tax policies. Given that Iran's economy has always been volatile due to structural reasons such as dependence on oil revenues, high inflation, annual budget deficits and currency fluctuations, the question arises as to whether tax policies have been able to act as a financial instrument able to neutralize or control the negative effects of these uncertainties? To achieve the objectives of the research, the specified model and the Generalized autoregressive conditional heterogeneity model (GARCH) based on seasonal data from 1988-2018 were used. The research findings confirm the uncertainty of the variables and show that tax revenues have been significantly affected by changes in oil prices, exchange rates and inflation. Also, the compliance of quantitative results with the policies contained in the development plans and annual budget laws shows the lack of attention to these effects in tax policy and the incompatibility of the financial and tax system with it.

Local historiography is a style of historiography to which historians pay special attention. Local historiography has local aspects and examines the past, far and near, of the geographical area with a more detailed and detailed look. In Mazandaran, various local histories have been written, including the history of Tabarestan Ibn Esfandiar, the history of the embryos of the saints Amoli, the history of Tabarestan and Royan and Mazandaran Seyyed Zahir al-Din Marashi. Omiyaullah Amoli wrote the history of embryos in the second half of the eighth century AH and at the same time as the Ilkhanid era. In this book, he has studied the history of Royan and Mazandaran from the time of the Sassanids to his own time.The main issue of the present study is what are the factors of contradictions and mistakes of the saints in product historiography? In explaining historical events, he seems to have been influenced by the dual affiliation of place and religion (Shia of the Twelve Imams). The research method in this article is historical and its writing method is descriptive-analytical. Information extraction is also done in the form of a library. This article tries to explain the historiography of the saints with a local-religious approach.

The present study was conducted with the aim of development and communication foresight based on the development plan of the vision document of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the qualitative research method. The sample was documents related to the components of development communication futurism. After data collection and theoretical saturation, qualitative content analysis method and coding method were used. Ideas for validation and quality assurance. On what topics and concepts should be selected and coded, and codes were defined according to the basic theory (theory of open social systems) and finally new concepts were extracted according to them. The results are counted using the content analysis method, the basic themes that are in the materials and notes of the communication part of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth programs. The results included 122 key themes, 29 organizing themes and 7 comprehensive themes. The results also show that the common themes in the third, fourth, fifth and sixth development plans on "Development of e-banking", "Development of information technology industry", "Development of economy and business in e-commerce environment", "Development of documentation database, e-government information "Development of national, indigenous and religious culture at home and abroad", "Development of public education system" and "Development of communication rights system".

Today, educational organizations, as a general social phenomenon, are considered an integral part of social life, and the emergence and expansion of these systems indicate the need and increasing importance of education in today's societies. On the other hand, social responsibility for universities, like other organizations, has become a matter of course, and university faculty members, who are the educational leaders of these organizations, have a great impact on social behavior at the community level. Therefore, ethical leadership is one of the factors affecting the individual responsibility of university faculty members. The purpose of this study was to identify the components of ethical educational leadership and to examine its impact on the social responsibility of the faculty members of the top five Iraqi public universities. Accordingly, this research is of mixed type and the statistical sample of its qualitative section was 20 professors and experts in the field of educational management in the top five Iraqi public universities, and the statistical sample of its quantitative section was 211 faculty members of these universities. In the qualitative part, Delphi technique was used and in the quantitative part, structural equation modeling was used as the analysis strategy. The Delphi panel experts' opinions reached 97 final indicators, which in the third iteration of the second round of Delphi ended with the components of "educational leadership skills", "moral literacy" and "educational design" for the structure of moral educational leadership. Quantitatively, these findings were validated and a valid measure was used to measure ethical .

All influential historical-political currents and events, including the Islamic Revolution and its ideals and values, have always been subject to distortion, forgetfulness and the heart of the main and basic meanings and themes; What are Khomeini (RA) as the roadmap of the revolution and the Islamic Republic and how can this be prevented?The hypothesis of this research is that the current of petrification is one of the contexts and fields of distortion and deviation in Imam Khomeini's political school. Documentary principles of Imam Khomeini's political life and school, strengthening the historical memory of the youth, moving in the direction of Velayat-e-Faqih, and vigilance against the influence of foreigners, are the most important cases of dealing with the harms of Imam Khomeini's political school.In other words, correct and unaffected knowledge of the basic concepts and propositions considered by Imam Khomeini's political thought and political school (RA) and presenting it as a reliable indicator, analogy, model and model for continuing the path within the framework of revolutionary-Islamic approaches and approaches. In the present research, the Saussure framework has been able to find a semantic relationship with the method of discourse analysis.

The main purpose of the research design; Investigating the relationship between the dimensions of emotional intelligence and critical thinking of accounting students of Islamic Azad University. The research method is descriptive-survey and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population was all accounting students of Islamic Azad University, Bushehr Branch, from which 201 people were selected using simple random sampling method. To analyze the data collected in this study, both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used. Descriptive statistics were used to provide demographic characteristics of the subjects and to express central indicators and dispersion such as mean and standard deviation. used. In order to test the research hypotheses and inferential analysis of Kolmogorov-Smirnov methods (to determine how to distribute research data and to investigate the normality of research variables and the possibility of performing parametric tests) and regression and SPSS software to analyze Research hypotheses were used. According to the research findings, all hypotheses were confirmed with a high level of confidence and according to the results, it should be noted that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of emotional intelligence and students' critical thinking. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions and components of emotional intelligence with critical thinking and the research hypotheses are confirmed.

In order to identify and understand the conflict of opinions, considering the place of the word in the science of principles and in the case of the conflict of arguments, we mention the definitions that the fundamentalists had and still have. Conflict in its lexical form from the root "width" means to express and is often used in the terms of the fundamentalists, meaning incompatibility and incompatibility of the two reasons for their meaning. Conflicts of opinion in courts and dispute resolution bodies are likely to occur in a variety of ways. Various reasons can be the cause of conflict between votes, which occurs through violations of the law or judicial procedure; But the most important issue is the conflict of views, which can be examined from various aspects. In this way, how the conflict of votes occurs or causes conflict between the votes, but we intend to take a special look at how the conflict of votes in the judicial system of Iran and France and how to prevent its realization. Therefore, it seems that the realization of the conflict of votes depends on the type of judicial and legal system of the country. The present article is based on the library method and is descriptive-analytical.

Given that in Iranian criminal law, children and adolescents do not have the power of reason, so they have no criminal responsibility and the legislature has provided special measures to protect them. In the Iranian legal system, there are differences of opinion regarding the definition of children and adolescents and the exact age of criminal responsibility, and the new Islamic Penal Code provides for special solutions to solve this problem. It has somewhat reduced the problems. Of course, there are differences between physical maturity and mental development, and criminal responsibility is realized when he is criminally mature. In the new Islamic Penal Code, children up to the age of 18 are divided into different categories in order to solve the legal problems of juveniles. The present article is a library that aims to study the developments of punishment in relation to criminal liability of children and adolescents. It turns out that there are important changes in the Penal Code of 1992 compared to the previous law in the field of limits and punishments, and as a result, in this law, the objections of the former law have been removed, but in the crimes of hadd and qisas, the former is the criterion of religious maturity.

The phenomenon of fundamentalism in the Islamic world is not a dominant and pervasive phenomenon among Muslims themselves. However, in the context of fundamentalism and Salafism, we can point to a major factor in the confrontation with Western civilization and modernity and local factors such as the lack of democracy, conventional religious education and the rise of religious beliefs in some societies. Because modernity, by transforming the role of religion in individual and social life, has created numerous identity and social crises for traditional Muslim societies and has left far-reaching and fundamental effects on relations between global actors. The main question now is what effects does the growth of extremist fundamentalism in the Middle East have on the security relations of the international system? It seems that extremist fundamentalism, as a megacity that divides the world into a minority of the right and the majority of infidels and considers war or so-called jihad against the infidel front necessary, can endanger global security. Therefore, the main purpose of the foundation is to evaluate the effects of the variable, extreme fundamentalism in the Middle East on security relations in the international system; Therefore, according to the evaluations, it has been categorized into the results that. In this regard, the research in the process of its studies by collecting the necessary data to study, analyze the relationships of the data, to provide suggestions, its theoretical, strategic and operational nature is more tangible.

The approach of the legal system, including laws, regulations, procedures and court rulings, is very decisive in how to manage water consumption and protection of water resources, and based on issues such as the need to ensure water security and protection of public interests, the rule of public law rules on water resources. It is necessary. Accordingly, national and local administrative bodies such as the Ministry of Energy and regional water companies and quasi-judicial authorities under the headings of "Commission for Groundwater Affairs" and "Commission for Issuance of Licenses" in the general management of water resources Have found legal responsibility. Due to the expansion of government interference in the affairs and the creation of various administrative organizations, new relations emerged in legal and social relations that were unknown to the general judiciary in various respects and the need to enter into the nature and resolve disputes arising from them. He had technical information and specialized knowledge in the field related to them. On the other hand, resolving disputes arising from those relationships required prompt action and a quick decision that was inconsistent with the nature of the public judiciary and its procedure; Therefore, authorities have been established outside the system of general judicial authorities, with the titles of organization, board, dispute resolution commissions, etc., which deal with disputes arising from the implementation of special laws in accordance with substantive and special laws.

A bill of lading is a security that is issued by the carrier or his representative after delivery of the goods by the sender at the origin and given to the sender so that he or his representative or a third party or buyer delivers the goods to the destination from the carrier. , The recipient of the goods, if it is in the name of a certain person or a Kurdish remittance, the amount of insurance, the weight of the goods and its number are stated.The bill of lading has three main uses, which are: 1- Receipt of goods 2- Reason for contract of carriage 3- It shows the ownership of the goods. Destinations were reached, stolen, lost, forged, and so on. In this regard, with the advent of the Internet, legal and economic scientists and businessmen thought of a way to replace electronic bill of lading with manual and traditional bill of lading, which led to the holding and ratification of the Rotterdam Convention.Due to the multiple transfers of the bill of lading and the sale of goods before reaching the destination, this article tries to solve them so that both the operator can issue an electronic record and the owner of the electronic bill of lading can safely load his goods. Before reaching the destination, the important features of the electronic bill of lading as well as the protection of the bill of lading by blockchain are described in this article in a practical way.

Research Method The present study has been done with two types of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part includes 10 theoretical experts (marketing professors) and experimental experts (food industry managers) and the statistical population of the research in the quantitative part includes 400 customers and consumers in the food industry. Sampling was done in a non-probabilistic and purposeful manner. Data collection tools are interviews and questionnaires. For the analysis of specialized interviews, the method of content analysis has been used. The identified indicators have also been validated by fuzzy Delphi method. Finally, the final research model with structural-interpretive method and LISREL software is presented. Research data analysis was performed in the qualitative phase with MaxQDA software and in the quantitative phase with Matlab software. To achieve the research objectives by analyzing interviews with experts, a set of practical indicators of sensory marketing were identified. The results of the analysis show. Brand management is the underlying element of the model that influences brand strategy, identifying target customers and sensory marketing. These factors, in turn, lead to emotional communication, mind management, and two-way interaction with customers. In this way, brand experience management can shape the brand personality of target customers and sensory branding activities can be successfully achieved.

Corruption on earth is one of the crimes and sins that have a specific and specific punishment according to the Shari'a and therefore, it falls within the scope of limits (punishments whose quantity and quality are specified in the Shari'a). Corruption on the ground is one of the constrained crimes and is subject to severe disturbance of public order, insecurity or major damage to the physical integrity of individuals or public and private property, or widespread corruption or prostitution. In Judaism, corruption on earth is also highly condemned. In Judaism, the corruptor on earth is considered a crime and the cases of corruption on earth have been identified. Corruption on earth in the field of finance, drug trafficking, killing innocent people for racial discrimination, etc. It is also condemned from a human rights perspective. As all legal systems require legal action against corruptors on earth. If in any religion this foundation is weakened and the perpetrators of corruption are not dealt with. This kind of corruption is rampant and disrupts the political, social and economic system of any country.

The main purpose and problem of the present study is to study the moral and educational contexts of the poem "Our Lightning is the oppression of the rich" based on the principles of Jacobsen's theory of verbal communication. This research has been compiled with regard to descriptive-analytical method and library resources. The results of this study show that Parvin has shared a combination of ethics, socialism and political issues with her audience. Also, his call for justice and the creation of a good temperament to disrupt adverse conditions have been motivational uses. The role of empathy expresses Parvin's common pains with most members of society. The emotional role better reflects his poetic spirit and describes his inner world. The referential role reflects the existing realities, which are a mixture of the immorality of the ruling class and the deprivation of the lower classes. The literary role shows the power of Parvin's illustration to make the contradictions and confrontations in the society feel. Also, the deplorable conditions of the people are described through the use of metaphor and irony. According to the role of transliteration in this poem, Ramzi is the symbol of deprivation, Nowruz is the symbol of the world's discredit, and Ramzi's killing and salutation is the harmony between work and result.

The Prophetic tradition is considered the second source of ijtihad and inference of the branches of religion and religious rules after the Qur'an. In this collection ،he deals with the hadiths of jurisprudence in which the prophetic tradition is cited and typifies their arguments and then presents them in the jurisprudential books of Shiite jurists to show how they interact with such arguments of the Imams. Pure (pbuh) examines and evaluates their behavior with the behavior of the pure Imams according to the prophetic tradition and answers the question of whether the jurists behaved like the pure Imams (pbuh) in their jurisprudential citations or behaved differently Have they? Is it possible to obtain a rule or a general rule or even a general one derived from these arguments and citations and use them in the course of ijtihad or not? Have the jurists done this? The main purpose of this study is to analyze the arguments of the Imams (as) in extracting jurisprudential rulings and citing and applying the Prophetic tradition ،as well as how they are used and the quality of their use in Shiite jurisprudential books ،including Jawahar al-Kalam. Is twelve. The method of data collection in this study ،due to the technicality of the discussion ،relies entirely on the use of library and filing methods ،so referring to Shiite jurisprudential sources and examining their jurisprudential views is one of the strategies for writing this study accurately and correctly. One of the results of this research is the reason for citing the Prophetic tradition by the pure Imams (PBUH).

Abstract Today, countries, due to their political, economical and cultural relations, are trying to adjust their criminal rules to worldwide accepted criteria.To modify the criminal codes based on IRI’s fourth principal’s constitution, they tried to adjust the mentioned above rules with the foundations of the Islamic Sharia and On the other hand, they have tried to review and correct the criminal codes through the new criminal law foundation and human’s achievements. In this regard which means respecting the Sharia foundation as well as adjusting to the modern criminal law courses due to the controversy of these two legal system’s foundations, they would be faced with serious challenges. In this writin, the desceiptive-analytical method, consider the obstacles analyzed the solutions that provided by the government and professionals to be able to offer new point of view for solving the challenges and to adjust the country’s rules to modern criminal law globally.

The use of criminological and criminological findings in the scope of execution of punishment and institutions as punishment is something that is agreed upon by criminologists and jurists in the present century. In the meantime, judicial oversight appointments are affected by disputes between human rights and the defense of the accused, the criminal law of Iran and the United Kingdom has not stopped this development and judicial supervision agreements have entered the criminal law of these countries. But the question of this article is what are the differences and commonalities between the Iranian and British legal systems in terms of judicial supervision?, the present articleusing descriptive-analytical method, tries to have a comparative study between judicial supervision agreements in criminal law of Iran and the United Kingdom. The results of the present article indicate that despite having many commonalities, especially in the governing principles of judicial oversight and its effects, in the two legal systems, there are three fundamental differences in this regard. First; The fact that in British criminal law, the goal of compromising the accused has been more successful, but in Iranian criminal law, the goal is not to establish the escape and concealment of the accused, secondly. judicial supervision agreements containing negative duties have been designed more carefully and comprehensively, but in Iranian law, The fact that in the criminal law of England is based on the issuance of separate judicial supervision orders, as a result, in the criminal law of Iran, the supervision contracts are more complementary.

This article explains and analyzes the intellectual and epistemological roots of what is known as the "foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran" by studying the "nuclear issue" in the thought and practice of the dominant discourse of the intellectuals of the forties and fifties of Iran. Slowly In other words, the intellectual "genealogy" or "genealogy" of the thought and action of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of foreign policy is the subject of this research. And Muffa "is used to analyze the data. What is inferred as a result of this article based on Laclau and Muffa's discourse analysis is that anti-Western discourse, due to its accessibility and credibility with the central signifier of localism, was able to alienate With the Shah's discourse on the one hand and the West on the other hand, alternative discourses should prevail in the cultural and social atmosphere of Iran. The model of the nuclear Iran resistance challenge based on the discourse of self-denial and alienation with the West can be explained as the Islamic Republic not only does not consider dependence on any of the superpowers logical and principled, but also to overthrow the existing system of international relations. He tries and fights.

The movement of the nationalization of the oil industry was a socio-political movement which was in line with the rule of national independence. The nationalization of the oil industry began in 1949 with the formation of the National Front. The aim of this movement was to dominate national resources and interests and to cut off foreigners from domestic affairs, which was accepted and supported by the majority of the people from the National Front, premiership of Mossadegh, and to advance the decision to nationalize the oil industry. Markets and merchants, as part of the active socio-economic forces of Iranian society, supported the movement through political activity in the nationalization of the oil industry. The question of the present study is what were the motives and goals of traders and marketers in supporting the nationalization of the oil industry? The hypothesis of this study is that traders and markets analyzed the nationalization of the oil industry in favor of domestic trade and commerce. The research method in this article is historical (inductive), the method of collecting information is documentary and library and writing method is descriptive-analytical. The findings of the study indicate that merchants and bazaars in the crisis and revolution periods, have provided economic support to traditional political forces, in this regard, many markets were with Mossadegh during his premiership and also supported him after the coup. Keywords: Merchants, Markets, Second Pahlavi, Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh, Oil Industry, Nationalization

The main purpose of this article is to examine the political participation of women in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Participation is one of the main tools for achieving political development. Since the formation of the Islamic Revolution, various governments have tried to strengthen it through political participation. However, a look at the statistics and the trend of political participation shows that they have not been able to succeed in this important matter so far. In this regard, the main question of the dissertation is how the political participation of women in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been? In response to this hypothesis, it has been argued that despite the efforts of various governments, political participation has been inadequate, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The presence of women in important political positions, the process of their presence is focused on middle positions. Lack of synergy of different levels of economic structures, political and cultural structure with the developments resulting from globalization and women's empowerment, has led to the continuation of the dominant discourse of patriarchy and the weakness of women's agency in Iranian politics. The type of research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies.

The present article seeks to "examine the place of IPC contracts in the general policies of the resistance economy, the oil law, and the development program laws." From this perspective, after expanding the conceptual space of the issue, it will examine the position of oil contracts, especially IPC. According to the thematic documents presented in this research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the data collection method in this research is a library. The case of investment in the oil industry has changed so that the law of the Third Development Plan and the law of encouragement and protection of foreign investors and the law of the fourth development plan explicitly allow the use of the method of participation in the oil industry in the form of IPC contracts. Second, special laws, such as the Oil Law of 1336, recognized the production sharing agreement, and the NOC had broad powers in the field of oil operations. This law allowed the conclusion of any contract, but according to other laws, the model of participation in production as an agency was considered by the legislator.

The present study was descriptive and in terms of implementation path was survey type and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study included all physical education teachers in Tehran, equivalent to 1600 people, the sample size was 384 and the sampling method was random. The research instrument consisted of 3 questionnaires: 1- Organizational self-branding questionnaire, 2- Anthony et al.'s Creativity and Innovation Questionnaire, and 3- Bioretic and Leutin organizational change questionnaire, which was validated by experts and reliability by Cronbach's alpha test for analysis. The data are used from the structural equation model, which will be obtained using SPSS and LISREL software. Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between self-improvement and acceptance of teacher change and also innovation is effective in accepting teacher change. Based on the results, it can be concluded that branding and innovation itself have a significant effect on accepting the change of physical education teachers.

Given the sensitivities that exist regarding (even) the definition of political crime and its separation from other security crimes, in practice, determining the instances of political crime, etc., has been one of the topics that has long been the subject of theoretical controversy. According to the hermeneutic approaches defined in the humanities; In some cases, we have to refer the reader to his reading and understanding and even separation, this can practically lead us to this point; Defining precise rules, clear cases and even a special procedure for this type of perpetrators of these crimes by observing issues such as the presence of a jury and the like is necessary and consequently causes The criminal justice system should be more consistent in the judicial investigation of these crimes based on the main legal criteria such as (justice, fairness, judicial conscience, principles of fair trial, etc).Criminal, hermeneutics, laws, political

Throughout the Safavid rule, religion and its affiliated forces played a major role. In fact, the government established by Shah Ismail I in 907 AH was a religious government based on the religious characteristics of society. Relying on the institution of religion, the Safavid rulers were able to accelerate the process of power formation. The influence of the rulers and the clergy, the construction of religious buildings, the holding of religious rites and the support or repression of the followers of other religious sects, on the one hand strengthened the Safavid government and on the other hand, provided the grounds for its collapse. In this research, based on descriptive-analytical method and library resources, the policies of Shah Tahmasb I against religious and intellectual opponents in this period have been studied. The political-religious riots of the Shah's reign are as follows: a) Ghavam-ud-Din Noorbakhsh revolt b) Ala al-Dawlah Ranashi revolt in Dezful c) Revolt in Kurdistan region Ten after surrender. What had a direct impact on Shah Tahmaseb's political and religious approaches was his shift from Sufis to Shiite jurists.

Today, the Republic of Georgia has attracted many regional and international actors and has regained its extraordinary historical importance. Georgia, once a haven for Russia and the Soviet Union, has long been a battleground for regional actors. The world seeks to be present, to influence and to secure its own interests as much as possible. In order to better understand the importance of this region for the great powers, especially the United States and Russia, and Georgia's tendencies towards each of these two powers, the goals of these two powers in the South Caucasus region are examined. Leading research raises the question of which East and West power Georgia has been leaning towards since 2008. And the effect of this orientation in relation to Iran will be pointed out. In fact, this descriptive-analytical study examines the hypothesis that Georgia has incentives to cooperate with NATO. The Republic of Georgia seems to see the presence of NATO as a prelude to Europeanization, preferably receiving more funding. As a result, it can be said that among the two trans-regional actors, the role of the United States seems more prominent than the others. The United States has regional interests in Georgia

In several passages of Avestan and Pahlavi texts, life after death is mentioned and this issue is also considered as a feature of Judaism. In this study, first, the study of the fate of the human psyche after death comes from the perspective of Zoroastrian and Jewish religions and the similarities and differences between the two religions, including issues such as the necessity of the world after death and its limitation to resurrection, punishment and reward for criminals and benefactors. , The place of heaven and hell and the living in the afterlife for human beings, and the presence of the bodyless soul in the afterlife are examined. Among the Semitic divine religions, there are many similarities in the beliefs related to the origin of the soul, the fate of the soul after death, resurrection, judgment, heaven and hell, which indicates the direct and direct relationship of these religions with each other. But the similarities between Zoroastrianism and Judaism must be examined in other different contexts, including the social and cultural relationship between Zoroastrians and Jews after the fall of Jerusalem and the captivity of the Jews by Bakht al-Nasr and then the conquest of Babylon by Cyrus and the liberation of the Jews. The influence of Iranian culture and Zoroastrian beliefs on Jewish beliefs is significant. The main subject of this article is an analytical-comparative study of the fate of the human psyche after death in Zoroastrian and Jewish religions.

The present study investigates the effect of performance disclosure strategies based on social responsibility on promoting the policy of resistance economy in food and pharmaceutical companies. This study analyzes data related to 22 companies active in the food and pharmaceutical industries listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange over a period of six years (1392-1397) in which 83 indicators were evaluated and then obtained According to experts, 9 indicators were prioritized by Delphi technique. Then, in a quantitative section, the relationship between social responsibility strategies and the dimensions of the resistance economy policy was examined. The statistical population in this section included the employees of the mentioned companies, of which 311 people were selected by available methods. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Structural equation modeling based on partial least squares approach was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between performance disclosure strategies based on social responsibility and the dimensions of resistance economics and the best path is related to the dimension of consumption control. Based on this, it can be said that according to the performance disclosure strategies based on social responsibility, the dimensions of resistance economy can be strengthened in active food and pharmaceutical companies.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model of educational system based on the development of students' entrepreneurial attitude (Case study: vocational schools in Tehran). The research method was applied in terms of purpose and exploratory method. Data collection was done in a quantitative manner and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population included all managers, teachers and instructors of vocational schools in Tehran in 1399. According to the Cochran's formula, a sample size of 305 people participated in this study. The collected data are analyzed by descriptive and inferential methods through SPSS 16 and Smart PLS software. In this research, descriptive statistics including frequency, frequency percentage, frequency distribution table, graphs and also describing the characteristics of the respondents to the questionnaire are used to describe the data. In inferential analysis, data analysis was performed using factor analysis. The results showed components: entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial spirit, academic and career counseling, leadership style and management of vocational schools, relationship with industry and trade, content of entrepreneurial education, development of entrepreneurial skills in learners, space and educational equipment, and finally entrepreneurship education methods As components and indicators affecting the educational system to develop the entrepreneurial attitude of high school students in Tehran. The studies showed that the model fits.

Choosing a competent court is a common practice in international business practice. According to the Brussels Convention 2012, some industrialized countries, by joining the 2005 Hague Conference, and many countries by accepting regional treaties, grant jurisdiction to a particular national court and consequently disqualify the competent court, in civil and commercial contracts, with restrictions Accepted. Such an option has no legal basis in Iran, and the contract of Iranian businessmen, exclusively with businessmen of some countries, can be a condition for the selection of a competent court. In Iran, the agreement on the jurisdiction of the court is not a source of effect, except in the case of Article 1010 of the Civil Code, which is limited, as well as commercial agreements between citizens of a few Contracting States and citizens of Iran. Certain, if they are qualified, they will initiate the investigation and otherwise, they will refuse the trial. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the legal framework of the agreement on jurisdiction in private international law and the impact of membership in treaties between states, such as the Hague Conference and the Brussels European Charter, on the economic relations of merchants.

The purpose of this study was to design a sustainable entrepreneurship model based on entrepreneurial competencies in the country's insurance businesses. The research community in the qualitative part consisted of professors, specialists and experts in this field and in the quantitative part consisted of general representatives and insurance brokers, managers of the insurance headquarters and executive company and entrepreneurial experts. In the qualitative section, which was purposefully selected, 19 professors, specialists and experts were selected, and in the quantitative section, 371 professors and experts were selected using the Cochran's formula. The research tools were semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in the qualitative part by Delphi method and through coding (open, axial and selective) using MAXQDA software and in the quantitative part by descriptive and inferential methods using SPSS 16 and Smart PLS software. The results showed that five components are involved in explaining the sustainable entrepreneurship model based on entrepreneurial competencies in the country's insurance businesses, which are: Technical domain - knowledge component, managerial domain - management component, management domain - leadership component, individual domain - personality traits component, and finally individual domain - entrepreneurial psychological characteristics component. To check the fit of the model, check the X2, R and RS; It was discussed that the presence of low X2 and the ratio of chi-square to the degree of freedom less than three, as well as the coefficient of determination and the adjusted coefficient of determination were calculated; Indicates the proper fit of the model.