Journal of Research in Sport Management and Marketing
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Summer 2022

The purpose of this research was to design a model for the realization of active and sport-friendly cities with an emphasis on open policy of urban management.

 The current research is based on the nature of exploratory-fundamental research; The manner and method of research, qualitative; The research strategy, foundational data theory and source of data collection include the study of theoretical foundations and interviews. Interviews were conducted in MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software, while open central and selective coding of the realization model of active and sports-friendly cities with an emphasis on open politicization of urban management was drawn and a theory was created.

In the qualitative section, based on the foundation's systematic data plan, three stages of open coding, central coding, and selective coding were performed to analyze the qualitative data. 1290 open coding, 324 core coding and 21 selective coding, which include political infrastructure, effective human resources management, civil infrastructure, optimal urban governance, culture building, social demands, guidelines of upstream institutions, education and communication, campaigns, capacity building economic and financing, increasing organizational agility, social marketing, community-oriented, sports services, partnership development, sustainable urban development, managerial weaknesses, legal obstacles, process obstacles in the organization, environmental changes, operational plan.

Urban management should make more efforts in line with its flexibility and expand the open system, creating an informal atmosphere while observing formality, unity of procedure, low hierarchy, facilitating laws, accountability transparency, social media, participation space, and focus. The creation of dynamic cities can cause social justice in the society and create spaces for the development of the participation of public and popular institutions and organizations for the development of public sports.

The goal of this study was to present an interpretive structural modeling of factors affecting organizational ambidexterity in the Ministry of Sports and Youth.

The research methodology was mixed method and the plan was exploratory. The statistical population of this study consisted of experts who were selected purposefully based on theoretical saturation of 15 of them. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data in the qualitative study and a questionnaire was used to collect data in the quantitative study. In order to evaluate the quality and validity of the findings, validation, transfer, reliability and verification, and for analyzing qualitative study data, coding and quantitative study of interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and software ISM software were used.

As a result of qualitative data analysis, 14 factors affecting organizational ambidexterity were identified and as a result of quantitative data analysis these factors were classified into five levels, and in the meantime, organizational culture, job characteristics and organizational capabilities were in the most rich layer,

This shows that cultural, organizational and job capacities needed for this phenomenon to move in the complex path of organizational dualism at the beginning.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of perceived creativity of Instagram posts in sports stores on interactive intention with followers.

This research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study was 3200 participants of a sports page Among them, 135 samples were selected by the available sampling method. perceived creativity was measured by a questionnaire Andrews and Smith (1996), affective commitment was measured by Belanche et al (2013) and interactive intention was measured by Casalo et al (2017) were used for data collection. The validity of the questionnaires was assessed by experts. Reliability based on Cronbach's alpha for each questionnaire was 0.81, 0.83 and 0.90, respectively, which was confirmed. To analyze the data, the structural equations method and PLS software were used.

The results showed that the perceived creativity of sports store Instagram posts has a positive and significant effect on affective commitment (t=7.45, β=0.53) and intention to interact (t=5.56, β=0.35). The affective commitment has a positive and significant impact on the interactive intention (t=9.28, β=0.57) of the followers' and further, the affective commitment has a mediating role in the relationship between perceived creativity and the interactive intention of the followers.

Therefore, managers of sports stores using creative ideas such as product categories in highlights, comparing journal and non-journal photos of the product, mentioning all the specifications of the product in the copying of Instagram posts of products can provide the grounds for people's interaction to purchase products by creating emotional commitment in the followers.

This research aimed to identify the influential factors on the brand value creation of Iran's Super League volleyball clubs.

This research was conducted by adopting a qualitative approach based on the thematic analysis method. The thematic analysis method was implemented using written sources (printed and electronic) and interviews with sports experts. For this purpose, 43 articles were analyzed. Also, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers and coaches of Super League volleyball clubs, officials of the volleyball federation, and university faculty members (sports management) who were selected by purposive sampling.

The data pieces related to the research topic were analyzed in three stages, and the result was 114 basic themes, 24 organizing themes, and seven inclusive themes. The global themes included the special brand equity, competitive environment, club brand communication, club reputation, club assets, branding, and social responsibility.

The results of this article show that value creation involves all sectors of a sports club and it requires the coordination of executive, financial, marketing, and technical managers to be able to create value for different stakeholders with different needs simultaneously.

The purpose of this research was to identify and prioritize the multiple roles of the government in the process of privatization of sports.

The current research is of mixed type (qualitative and quantitative) and in terms of practical purpose and data collection method, it was field. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the research was a semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire (taken from the qualitative results, Reliability α=0.794 ). The research sample was selected from experts in sports management, economics, politics, management and people familiar with privatization issues in a targeted way(N=220). Friedman's test was used to rank the roles of the government in the privatization of sports. All statistical analyzes were performed by Excel and SPSS 23.

In general, 74 components, 18 dimensions and 5 variables were identified. Among the five identified roles, the role of drafting regulations with an average of 3.38 in the first priority, the political role with an average of 3.17 in the second priority, the managerial-executive role with an average of 3.05 in the third priority, the economic role with an average of 2.76 in the fourth priority and the cultural role ranked fifth with an average of 2.63.

According to the results, it is suggested that the government take into account the multiple roles identified and the priority level of each of them by creating a specialized department for the privatization of sports within the structure of the Ministry of Sports.

 This study was conducted to investigate the concept of online trolling among Iranian football fans (Esteghlal and Persepolis) on Instagram. Using the thematic analysis method and purposeful sampling method, we sought to examine two fan pages (PersepolisFC.fans and fctaj) belonging to these two, relying on Habermas' views on the public sphere. We tried to answer whether online trolling by fans on social media (Instagram) and conversations based on it has created a new public sphere in cyberspace or continues the sphere of public life in society (sports).

 This paper used thematic analysis by Clark's instructions, six themes were extracted, including obscenity, sexual slur, political, unfair judgment, teasing, and accusation. As a result, a network of related themes on online trolling was designed. 

 Findings show that what has emerged in fandom culture on social media as a public sphere is a place to spread hatred and trash-talk, not Habermas's rational arguments. Blaming, the accusation of nonidentity and illogical, humiliation, and sexual slurs toward other users has prevented the formation of a sphere by Habermas criteria.  

 The lack of rational arguments, the emotionality of opinions instead of their rationality due to substantial prejudice against the favorite team, incorrect and unreliable and stereotypical judgments about the rival team, and superficial confrontation with the content and facts of football. Theatricality and hostility (antagonistic) of opinions are among the most critical factors that lead to the formation of online trolling in the Iranian sports life world and weaken the public sphere.