مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال سی‌ام شماره 8 (پیاپی 192، آبان 1401)

After COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 that mostly affects upper respiratory tract, the scientists investigated an effective vaccine against the virus. As the vaccination of general population started some patients were visited with varicella zoster virus activation following the COVID vaccine.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with life threatening complications such as diabetic retinopathy, renal failure and cardiovascular disease. Metformin, Glibenclamide, Acarbose, Empagliflozin, Sitagliptin and Repaglinide are the most common drugs for reducing the blood glucose. The blood glucose-lowering drugs have side effects such as severe hypoglycemia, liver cell damage, lactic acidosis, permanent neurological defects, gastrointestinal disorders, headache, and dizziness. Hence, it is necessary to use safe and effective strategies for reducing blood glucose in the management of diabetes and related diseases. Therefore, in the recent years, medicinal plants have been used all over the world due to their wide therapeutic effects. Basil (O. basilicum) is one of the medicinal plants with anti-diabetic property. This article aimed to review of the Basil effects on the type 2 diabetes.

O. basilicum has significant role in the control of diabetes through different mechanisms. These include: inhibition of glucose production in the liver, increasing glycogen synthesis, decreasing gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, stimulation of insulin secretion by the pancreas, and inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. Therefore, Basil and its biologically active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids and polyphenols act as potent anti-diabetic agents.

Obesity, results in a number of serious complications, such as type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome. The levels of blood of adiponectin and cortisol have been associated with obesity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of adiponectin and cortisol levels with obesity and biochemical parameters.

This case-control study was conducted only on men, 80 participants with body mass index (BMI)≥25 considered as case group, and 100 participants with BMI<25 as control group in the Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Plasma levels of adiponectin and cortisol were measured through ELISA kit and other variables were determined by standard methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. P-values <0.05 were considered as significant.

Our findings showed no significant difference in cortisol level between individuals with BMI≥25 and individuals with BMI<25. Obese men had significantly higher levels of triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and lipid profiles whereas, adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were lower compared to the control group (p-value<0.05). In this study, an inverse correlation was observed between adiponectin and fasting blood glucose (FBS), and also BMI. It was found a positive correlation between cortisol and cholesterol and also FBS.

The results show that there is no relationship between cortisol and obesity, but a negative correlation between adiponectin levels and obesity.

Diabetes mellitus causes adverse changes in the neurological morphology of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the brain by increasing oxidative stress. Trigonelline has antihyperglycemic effects and can inhibit oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of trigonelline on dendritic changes in hippocampal and prefrontal cortex neurons in diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats in the weight range of 195-235 grams were randomly divided into 4 groups consisting of control, trigonelline-treated control, diabetic and trigonelline-treated diabetic. Oral trigonelline treatment at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day during 7 weeks was done. Diabetes induction was done by single dose injection of intraperitoneal streptozotocin at a dose of 60 mg/kg. Serum glucose and body weight were measured at the beginning and at weeks 4 and 8 after diabetes induction. For evaluation of hippocampal and prefrontal cortex neuronal dendrites, Golgi impregnation method was used. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-tests in SPSS version 16 were used. P<0.05 was considered as a significant level.

Serum glucose level in the diabetic group treated with trigonelline significantly has been reduced compared with the diabetic group (p<0.01). The density of dendritic spines of prefrontal cortex and hippocampal neurons in the diabetic group significantly reduced compared to the control group (p<0.01). Moreover, in the diabetic group treated with trigonelline, dendritic spine density significantly increased compared to the diabetic group (p<0.05).

Trigonelline is hypoglycemic and can prevent reduction of dendritic spines in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus of streptozotocin diabetic rats.

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant and chemical agent that destroys cell structure in various tissues. Probiotics are normal flora bacteria that if consumed adequately, will have health benefits in addition to nutritional benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a mixture of native Iranian probiotics on biochemical factors and kidney tissue of male rats exposed to cadmium chloride.

In this experimental study, 21 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of 7: control, cadmium chloride recipient (3mg/kg) and cadmium chloride recipient (3mg /kg) + mixture of probiotics (CFU/mL109) were divided. Single-dose cadmium chloride was given to rats by intraperitoneal injection and probiotics by gavage for 30 days. At the end of the test, blood samples were taken directly from the heart to study serum creatinine and urea concentrations by autoanalyzer method and kidney tissue was used for microscopic studies of E&H staining. The data were evaluated using SPSS software version 16 and one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.

The results of Cadmium chloride significantly increased serum creatinine and urea concentrations compared to the control group (P<0.05) while in the group receiving probiotic mixture compared to the cadmium chloride group showed a significant decrease. Damage to kidney tissue was also shown compared to the control group. On the other hand, the structure of kidney tissue in the group treated with a mixture of probiotics compared to the group of cadmium chloride showed improvement.

It is possible to use as a candidate a mixture of native Iranian probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus holoticus) against cadmium chloride damage to the tissues of male rats.

The quality of sleep and physical activity is specially important in the quality of life of the elderly. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sleep quality and quality of life of the elderly with cardiovascular disease referred to Ali Ebn Abi Taleb Hospital in Rafsanjan City in 2021.

In this descriptive study, the participants of the study included all the cardiovascular elderly patients referred to Ali Ebn Abi Taleb Hospital in Rafsanjan City in the first 6 months of 2021. A total of 292 people were selected as the sample using purposive sampling method. Data collection tools included three standard questionnaires, including Baecke physical activity, Petersburg sleep quality and Ware and Sherbourne quality of life (SF-36). Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and chi-square test were used to analyze the data. The SPSS software version 16 used was for analyzing the data.

The results showed that with increasing physical activity, the quality of life also increases and with increasing the quality of sleep, the quality of life increased. There was also a significant correlation between psychological quality of life with physical activity (P<0.001 and r = 0.777) and sleep quality (P<0.001 and r = -0.804).

According to the research findings, it is recommended to create a wide and healthy physical activity and healthy leisure time for the elderly and to develop counseling programs for the elderly. Therefore, the quality of life and sleep quality skills training should be provided.

As one of the diseases transmitted through water and food, shigellosis is one of the health problems in developing countries. This study was conducted in order to investigate the outbreaks of bloody diarrhea caused by Shigella in patients with positive cultures in Isfahan province during 2014-2016.

This study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. Information of 280 infected patients with positive Shigella cultures based on demographic information, age, sex, place of residence, clinical symptoms, history of food consumption, and the date of illness and referral to medical centers were analyzed using SPSS16 software, checking percentages and frequencies, chi-square and t-tests were investigated.

The percentage of female patients of this study was 51.1% and male was 48.9% with a mean age of 25.53± 21.36; 27.1% of patients were housewives and 94.3% were Iranians. 97.1% of patients, in addition to positive cultures, red blood cells were also reported in microscopic examination of their stool samples. . 23.26% of patients had fever, 19.86% had nausea and 16.99% had obvious bloody diarrhea. 26.88% of patients had a history of consuming vegetables and 94.1% of them referred to medical centers in the first three days to receive medical services. Furthermore, 45.5% of these patients were hospitalized and 54.5% were treated as outpatients and finally 100% of patients recovered.

Community education for food hygiene is one of the essential educational needs and also the development of vegetable preparation centers in the form of packaging and having a health code is one of the essential needs in terms of health and food security.

The aim of this study was investigating the effect of 4 weeks of high intensity interval training with curcumin supplement on the gene expression of collagen I, II and SMAD/3 in the myocardium of male obese rats with type 2 diabetes.

In this experimental study, 35 male diabetic rats were divided in to 5 groups of seven; normal control, diabetic control, curcumin+diabetic, high intensity interval training, high intensity interval training+curcumin. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin with a dose of 60 mg/kg in all groups except the normal control group. Curcumin was gavage 200 mg/kg of body weight in all groups except normal control and diabetic control groups to determine the expression of COL-I, II and SMAD/3 genes, PCR-Real time method and group comparison were used by Two-way ANOVA test at alpha level of 0.05.

The decrease in COL-I gene expression in (S+HIIT (group compared to the (DC) (P<0.0001) and S+DC (P<0.0004) was significant, respectively. In high intensity interval training (HIIT) group, the decrease in COL-I gene expression was also significant compared to the diabetic control (DC) group (P=0.017).The decrease in COL-II gene expression in  curcumin + high intensity interval training (S+HIIT) group compared to the (S+DC) (P=0.001) and diabetic control (DC) (P<0.0003) and in (HIIT) group was significant compared to the (DC) group (P=0.013) and (S+DC) (P=0.029).The decrease in SMAD/3 gene expression in (S+HIIT) group compared to the HIIT (P=0.008), (S+DC) (P<0.0002), (DC) groups (P<0.0006) and in the (HIIT) group was significant compared to the (NC) (P=0.010), (DC) (0.006) and (S+DC) groups (P=0.032).

The results showed that, high intensity interval training reduced COL-I, COL-II and SMAD/3 genes and decreasing the expression of SMAD/3 due to high intensity interval training with curcumin supplementation possibly can improve diabetic fibrosis in myocardial.