مجله حقوق کودک
پیاپی 10 (تابستان 1400)

Child marriage is one of the controversial issues in the field of humanities that can be studied as interdisciplinary subject. Few qualitative studies have investigated this problem. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate child marriage.

This is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. In this study, 15 numbers from different sectors of the society were selected. Data was collected by using semi – structured interviews and analyzed using Smith method. After data analyze, 4 main themes and 26 sub-themes were extracted.

It was revealed that in some sub-themes such as definition of child marriage, consequences and causes, there was a consistency between individuals lived experiences and background. But in feedbacks different results were obtained. Individuals based on their personal preferences, propose different methods for parents, society and youngsters. The results of this study will pave the way for further research on the interventions related to child marriage.

Individuals based on their personal preferences, propose different methods for parents, society and youngsters. Among these, paying attention to the local conditions, using the platform of culture and the existence of an official mechanism to give importance to the satisfaction of people in marriage has an important place. The results of this study will pave the way for further research on the interventions related to child marriage.

The current research seeks to identify different discourses in the field of childhood and childhood studies, as well as to discover the dominant discourse on the field of childhood in Iranian society.

The method of the research is qualitative and was done using document analysis.

In this research, after identifying different discourses in the field of childhood from the perspective of thinkers and texts in the field of childhood, the Iranian society have been investigated; The results show that in the Iranian society, among the three discourses, needs, law (legal) and quality of life, in the field of childhood, the legal discourse is dominant. Therefore, the dominant discourse of childhood in contemporary Iranian society is the legal discourse.

The dominance of legal discourse on childhood and childhood studies in Iran has led to the creation of structural constraints and popular demands for more legal protection for children. The most important structural and active situation in the discourse of children's rights in Iran is the formation of the national authority of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the expansion of associations for the protection of children and their rights.

One of the most important influencing factors in the lives of today's societies is visual media, which, in addition to having positive effects in reducing social harms, have a negative role in creating deviations and crimes and one of the vulnerable groups in this field are children and teenagers. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of visual media on the occurrence of deviations and crimes among children and teenagers and discussing ways to prevent it.

The present study was conducted using descriptive-analytical method and using documentary (library) resoureces.

Visual media, by getting the audience used to the events, desensitization and inattention, etc., provide the basis for learning violence from the media. Younger people are much more influenced by the media, and this is due to their realism, their incomplete cognitive ability, and their inability to relate the scenes of the program to the final result. With the development of global media outside the control of governments, such as satellites and the Internet, and providing inappropriate models, negative training, airing programs with no purpose, not paying attention to the age of the audience, and not showing the results of actions, the role of the mentioned media in the spread of crimes and deviations such as violence, running away from home, free sexual relations, and sexual addiction are undeniable, especially among young people.

Due to the negative impact of visual media on children and teenagers in terms of creating grounds for deviance and committing crimes, it is necessary for the government, people, family and mass media to make a joint effort to deal with the content of inappropriate and replace it with healthy programs and entertainment.

Criminal protection of children against computer games following the fundamental transformation in the light of technological advances and the spread of computer games along with increasing the power of its impact on human thought and behavior is inevitable. On the one hand, entertaining children due to their strong interest in computer games, and on the other hand, the wide range of such games with large investments to develop computer games in the age group of children In addition to the unhealthy and harmful effects on this vulnerable group has raised many concerns for thinkers. In this study, the criminal policies of the Iranian legal system regarding the violation of children's rights in the context of computer games compared with international documents and from a critical point of view has been evaluated and by perusing the strengths and weaknesses of related laws, the need for comprehensive rules to protect the rights of the child against harming of computer games has been emphasized by formulating an effective differential criminal policy.

The method of discussion in this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of data gathering is library.

In Iran's legal system, a review of the laws related to the current criminal policy regarding the violation of children's rights in the field of creating, publishing and distributing computer games reveals gaps and defects.

By examining the situation of children and their rights against computer games and studying the negative and inappropriate effects of this universal and effective technology on children it is possible to achieve a comprehensive support program containing differential criminal policies against child victimization through the use of computer games. A differential approach to substantive criminal law in the field of child safety in relation to computer games is the role that the legislature can play in protecting children and to prevent the abuse of the rights of this vulnerable group.

Children are one of the most vulnerable sections of the society and are exposed to all kinds of abuses due to the violation of their rights. Also, children's privacy in cyberspace is a very important issue. In this research, at first, the relationship between the publication of children's pictures on Instagram by parents and their privacy, and then the damage of publishing children's pictures on their personality, was discussed, and then the scope of legal protection of children's privacy on Instagram was examined. The purpose of this research is to address the necessity of legal protection of children's privacy in cyberspace in order to maintain their mental health in the future.

This research has been done using documents and library resources and descriptive-analytical method.

Cyberspace is a mixture of opportunities and threats. Today, a number of parents by violating some of their children's rights such as image rights, increase the number of followers on their Instagram page and thereby attract advertisements and generate income. Also, the findings indicate that there are significant legal gaps in the field of protecting children's privacy in cyberspace, which will cause serious damage to the various aspects of the children's personality in the future.

Supporting children is necessary and unavoidable due to their unequal position when playing a role in cyber space. The advancement of technology and stepping into the digital age requires the establishment of protective laws and specific legal mechanisms.

Under the rule stipulated in Article 1210 of the Civil Code, minors who have reached puberty can be allowed to leave the custody of their parents and guardians and continue their lives independently before mentally mature. It is clear that such a rule will involve a lot of damage for minors. Now the question is if in the light of principle of harm, a step can be taken to protect children more and so limit the scope of this legal ruling? In this article, the author is trying to provide an appropriate answer to this question by relying on some jurisprudential opinions and rules and legal ideas so that the interests of minors were better considered.

This research has been done using documents and library resources and descriptive-analytical method.

Leaving a child out of parental custody before reaching mentally mature is against the goals of care and education and can cause irreparable damage to the child first and then to the society. But unfortunately, due to the interpretation of Article 1210 of the Civil Code, there is a possibility of minors leaving custody early and causing such injuries to them. Therefore, before the legislative reform, it should be thinked about the interpretation and implementation of the law in order to prevent such a situation in the family and society.

Currently, based on some jurisprudential opinions as well as the principle of harm, it is necessary to consider the continuation of custody of children until they reach the mentally mature stage.