فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی ورزش و جوانان
پیاپی 56 (تابستان 1401)

the purpose of this study was to identify and classify civil liability measures in sports law . the research method was descriptive - analytical which was performed as a pilot study . the research population consisted of experts in the field of law and sports . they were experts of sport and law . the data collection tool in this study was a researcher - made questionnaire developed by sport management professors and the criteria of civil liability in sports law . these criteria were identified after reviewing the opinions of experts and comparative and library studies . in order to rank the criteria of civil liability in sports law , the ahp method was used and the data were analyzed using spss software . after conducting the studies , number of criteria were identified as measures of civil liability in sports law . according to the results of ahp method , it was found that the formation of special branches of sports proceedings in the courts , with a normal score of 0.92 , paying attention to the theory of fault as the basis of sport responsibility with the normal score and the skill of preventing injury during the execution of sports techniques with the normal score is the most important criteria of civil liability in sports law .

Women's professional sport is considered as one of the challenges in the field of sports in the country. In order to overcome this situation and present its development in the future, it is necessary to provide an early warning system in this regard and review the progress of that program. this study has identified and clustered trends affecting the future of Iranian women's professional sports in the future. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied goal setting strategy and its method and explanatory based on futures research methods. Theoretical data were prepared by documentary method and experimental data by survey method based on Delphi method. Participants in the study were 20 experts and specialists in the field of women's sports who were selected by purposive sampling. The results showed that the distribution of key variables affecting the future of women's professional sports in Iran has an unstable system and among the 40 factors studied in this study, 12 factors (capital adequacy, private sector participation, income generation and commercialization of women's sports Government investment, attracting financial capital, increasing income level, increasing power and presence of women in sports, increasing the number of sports clubs in the field of women's sports, community support for the development of women's sports, increasing women covered by championship sports, support The media and gaining a quota in the Olympics) played a key role in the future of women's professional sports.

This research, by taking a qualitative approach and data-based methodology, aims to investigate the contextual and intervening elements leading to the formation of glass ceiling Iranian women face in sports management. The data were collected through studying the documents and semi-structured interviews. In order to obtain the information, 16 experienced experts were chosen by snowball sampling method. The data were analyzed through 3 steps of open, axial, and selective coding of the contextual and intervening elements. According to the obtained results, the central issue includes outdated social contexts and inter-individual interactions, dysfunctional economic and organizational systems, and lack of necessary legal frameworks. In case of contextual elements, 62 codes or primary concepts were extracted from the interviews. The codes were classified under 11 subcategories and 4 major categories including lack of sufficient regulation, organizational processes, individual, inter-individual behavior and media. In case of intervening elements, 15 open codes, 4 subcategories, and 2 major categories were grouped covering religion and economic states. Iranian women have certainly the potential for holding high managerial positions. Therefore, it is of great importance to analyze the factors playing a part in the formation of glass ceiling. If the necessity of the presence of women in management positions is not fully appreciated, all the efforts made to improve the women sports will be in vain.

The recent structures of sport in any countries should be cohesive and comprehensive and the current goals and activities and their consistency should have logical scientific stability.The importance of the activities, goals, programming and the organizational structures must be explicit in the structures and plans of a sport organization. The purpose of this study is to formulate a developmental model of the structural factors of the championship sport of the Karate Federation and it is a combined exploratory mixed study which was done in two steps. The first phase (qualitative phase) was a qualitative study using grounded theory method. The data were collected through the snow ball method, deep and semi-structured interviews.Then, the data resulted from twenty interviews were encoded and analyzed through grounded theorymethod. The data were analyzed through open, axial and selective coding. The second phase of the study (quantitative phase) was done quantitatively using structural equation modeling method.For this purpose, 29 questions of the questionnaire were used based on the model of sport for all in Iran (derived from the qualitative phase of the study).From Karate Premier League 278 participants were selected based on Morgan table. The data were analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling through using LISREL software. The results show that the media, financial resources, rules and regulations play important roles in top organizational decisions. They also show their special roles in preparing a suitable structure in sport developments of Iranian Karate Premier sport.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the state of Iranian youth football development based on the Grassroots football program. The method of this research is descriptive-survey and it is a type of applied study that has been accomplished in field. The statistic population of study included officials of the Football Federation and National Football Center, top football schools managers and top youth football coaches of Iran (170 persons). According to the Morgan sampling table, 118 persons were selected as the statistical sample. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire and a standard check-list were used. The validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by the experts and its reliability was determined 0.91 based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to analyze data, descriptive statistic methods, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, One-sample t-test and Friedman distribution were used by SPSS-22. The results indicate that in all components, Iranian youth football does not have a desirable status. Also, the prioritization of the components showed that the highest rank was related to the knowledge of coaches and the lowest rank was related to the financial and marketing. Therefore, the most important practical actions are preparation of the Grassroots' Charter, launching of e-learning opportunities, approval of the monopoly budget, investments in the Grassroots' facilities and equipment development plans, using of sponsors' assistance and the promotion of philosophy and activities of Grassroots football.

The study is to explain the role of mediating sports attitude in the relationship between the theory of documents on the fitness of sports players in Iran's volleyball league based on the players' point of view and the model of the model. Descriptive and applied research method, the statistical society of Iran's volleyball players was 24 teams and 288 people. The instruments used in this study were three questionnaires: attribution styles, athletic athletic attitude and sport orientation. Descriptive statistics, regression test, t-test, Pearson, Friedman, variance, and Watson and structural equations for modeling were used. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between athletic attitude with victorious component and sport orientation with optimistic component. Prioritizing the attitudes of sports includes the success, power and failure of the defeat, but at the post of Libero, the failure and the power post. Sport orientation components at the post of Libero, behind and behind the line of women Objectivism, victoriousness, competition, the power of Spokker and defense, victoriousness, competition, goal-oriented and fast-paced post, goal-oriented, competitive, victory in rankings The first is Tassom. In the documentary style, the post is an optimistic and pessimistic component. And the fit of the structural model is moderately upward.

The purpose of this study was to identify the mental patterns of the team performance process in Football players with a mixed approach (quantitative - qualitative) and using Q methodology. The course in this study included 18 people (6 sports management professors, 6 experienced coaches and 6 successful players with B.A. and M.A. degree of education who were selected purposefully). The statistical population of the study consisted of the players of the first league football teams of the country, 21 of them were selected purposefully. Based on interviews and reviewing the research literature, 36 Q's statements were extracted and presented in a 36-card questionnaire and one Q-type questionnaire for the players to determine their degree of agreement or opposition. Based on the results of Q-type exploratory factor analysis, participants' mentality was categorized into five factors: team motivation, team quality, team learning, team skills, and team decision. These patterns explain 62.28% of total variance. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to the managers of the country's sports system that in order to evaluate the performance of the coaches and the sports teams, in addition to the current ranking in the end of the season, other goals of the performance process, such as the identified patterns of the research.

The right to privacy in addition to its ethics significance weighs a particular legal position at national and international domains in today’s world. The international law has attempted to protect people’s right to privacy as the human rights issue finds its validity throughout the world. In international law sources particularly in legally binding instruments under international law including European Convention on Human Rights, this privacy has been recognized as a right. The European Convention on Human Rights explicitly expresses the athletes’ right to privacy, calling for separate regulations to be passed over it. Taking an exact stock on the performance of the European Court of Human Rights against the claims related to the violation of Article 8, by analytical-documentary study method and comparative study of cases, European Court of Human Rights reflecting the right to privacy issue, the present essay has shown that the court afore cited is considered as the most advanced and internationally recognized legal court. While protecting and exercising the provisions of the mentioned article in the light of its procedure with an aim to give supports to athletes' health, the court in addition to fostering the athletes' right to privacy has also managed to develop this trend. The conclusion is that the European Court of Human Rights has acted in accordance with the principles and objectives of the European Convention and has taken a consistent and fair approach to compliance with human rights principles and standards in the face of allegations of invasion of privacy.

The goal of this study was identifying and confirming sport coaching' themes by using mixed method Approach. Participants in qualitative part were twenty sport coaches and athletes whom had specific criteria purposefully for deep interveiews selected. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis method. In a small step, a questionnaire was prepared using qualitative stage data and after obtaining confirmation of the content validity of the experts, it was completed by 380 respondents. The results of the structural equation model confirmed all the themes. The three basic themes included interpersonal, intrapersonal, and contextutal, respectively. Intrapersonal contained management (organizing, employment, direction, planning, evaluation), coaching skills (humanistic-comunicational, technical-instructional, perceptual-leadership, political), coaching behavior (directional-social, supportive-cultural, specific behavior) and social relations (with associates, stockholders, athletes, media). Intrapersonal theme contained characteristics (psychic, ethical, personal), philosophy (artistic thinking, love to coaching, core believes and values), knowledge (transfer knowledge, theoric, practical,), and interest to grow and excellence (continues learning, moral of research, apprentice,). Contextual themes contained play role (model, specialism, teacher), match situation (tactic, strategy, logestic readiness for match, winning), practice situation (instruction of tactic, technic, promot of fitness), and contextual situations (pupose of sport, players, sport environment). The findings showed that in addition to the themes related to the coach, they have many different roles, tasks and activities, so they need like an orchestration, their own knowledge and art to lay the groundwork for the components and use for each specific situation.

The sport organizations due to wide range of their operations and frameworks at the community usually exposed to risks of corruption. In the present research, therefor, the effecting factors on administrative-financial corruption on sport organizations designed. The statistical population of the research is consisted of all sport and youth departments employees in Iran, which selected by cluster sampling method based on the Cochran formula. Data in this research obtained by distributed questionnaires that was analyzed with the structural equations and partial last squares method which analyzed by the Smart.P.L.S software. The results after the data processing show that organizational factors have a significant (29.9%) effect on administrative-financial corruption. While, the individual factors also have a significant effect, about 31%, too. Our results show that, among the organizational factors, the control and monitoring have greatest impact and the organizational transparency has least impact. Among the individual factors, the benefits has greatest impact and the social capital has least impact.

Participation in charitable activities is one of the good things that all religious leaders emphasize. One aspect of participating in charitable activities is sports. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and rank the factors affecting participation in charitable activities by athletes. The research method was mixed. The statistical population of this study consisted of sports assistants who had full aristocracy on the subject of this study. Based on purposeful selection, 18 individuals were identified as the sample of the study. By studying the theoretical foundations and expert opinions, the primary components were extracted. Seven factors that were identified as contributing to the charity's activities were identified and finalized by Religious Beliefs, Interests in Sports, Acquiring a Social Base, Memorials to the Past, Justice, Social Commitment, and Personal Inquiries. The whole process of analyzing the research data was performed using Electre SoLver software. The results have shown that religious beliefs with dominance of 6, the most important factor and personal demands with dominance of zero, are the least important factor affecting participation in charitable activities by the charitable donors. Therefore, it is suggested that the relevant managers, using the extracted factors, identify potential individuals to participate in charitable activities and provide sufficient incentives for them to participate

Today, the sport is considered one of the diverse industries in world trade. It is also economically an important factor in reviving the national economy in many countries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of investment development on economic empowerment of Iran's sports industry. The research method was mixed and exploratory such that, at first, fifteen sports experts were chosen through purposive sampling and were interviewed in depth. Following qualitative data themes analysis, 101 different codes were extracted in six main themes and Seventeen sub-themes. Also, investment development questionnaire encompassed 79 questions and economic empowerment was designed with twenty questions (a>0/80). The study population consisted of all individuals with a management background in sports, university professors and experts in the field of economics, management and marketing of sports whom were administered the questionnaires of which 197 were returned. The research findings in the qualitative part revealed six variables of investment development, and in the quantitative part showed that the research model would have the goodness of fit and investment development affects the economic empowerment of Iran's sports industry.In this regard, it is suggested that in case, economic policies are defined to create an open space based on economic liberalization in order to access new markets, foreign capital and new technology, and measures are taken to increase economic stability, capital risk; investment will decrease and, consequently, the flow of domestic and foreign investment in the country's sports industry will increase.

This research is aimed at analyzing the role of government in developing the use of green energy in sport facilities. The research is of exploratory mixed type. In qualitative part, meta-synthesis method was used for recognizing the dimensions of the government’s role on development of the use of renewable energy. In quantitative part, first the validity of the model was approved based on the experts’ survey and then, fitness of the model was checked by confirmatory factor analysis. In meta-synthesis phase, the studied population included the relevant theses and research papers (35 cases); in experts’ survey, the population included 7 experts of renewable energy area, and in factor analysis phase, the population included the mangers and experts of Renewable Energy Organization, managers of the companies working in the area of renewable energies, managers and experts of the Organization of Developing and Equipping Sport Facilities and subsidiary departments, and the experts of renewable energy area (676 people). In the first and second phases, sampling method was total population, and in factor analysis phase, the sampling was done by stratified method and 240 people were selected based on Morgan table. Meta-synthesis findings showed that government affects the development of the use of green energy in sport facilities through the political system, energy policies and strategies, its economic situation, governmental support, and the structure of the energy sector. Validity of the model was obtained as 0.893 by sigma counting method.

The purpose of the research was investigation and pathology of the current planning process in leisure time of the people of Tehran province and present a desirable pattern. The research method was exploratory and qualitative which used of grounded theory technique. The statistical population included all the experts in planning leisure time in the sports organizations of Tehran province.samples consisted of managers, planning experts of Tehran youth and sport administration, Sport Boards and Municipal Sports Organization and faculty members in leisure and sports fields (n=21). Purposive and snowball technique were used for sampling. Data were collected using theoretical study and interviews. The results indicated that the concept of leisure planning with the focus of sport as a pivotal phenomenon could play a pivotal role in relation to other categories. The necessory for planning based on the new needs of consumers was emphasized and strategies of customer-oriented planning, approach orient planning, adaptive studies , structural orient and environmental orient were considered as the main strategies. Considering these strategies can have positive personal, social, economic and sporting implications.

Sport industry by having many capabilities in holding sports events, especially in the field of professional leagues has a great ability to generate income. The Premier Football League is one of the most important businesses in the Iranian sports industry. Therefore, addressing this issue is one of the issues that is very necessary for the country's sports industry. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the business model of the Iranian Football Premier League in two parts with two qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative part was done with the help of MAXQDA software by phenomenological method and by using semi-structured interviews by interpreting the views and impressions of 30 experts who were selected by snowball method. In this section, the business canvas of the Iranian Football Premier League was obtained based on Osterwalder ontology. The quantitative part was conducted using a standard questionnaire and the participation of 80 informed people as a research sample who were selected by purposive non-random sampling method. Data analysis in this section was performed using Smart PLS software. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between key partners with the structure of costs and key resources, customer segments with revenue stream and key resources with the proposed values and distribution channel. The results of the present study are a roadmap for structural pathology and developing compensatory strategies to create an integrated structure and a comprehensive communication framework in all aspects of the Iranian Football Premier League business canvas.

Marriage as the most important and highest social tradition to achieve the emotional needs of individuals has always been emphasized and plays a fundamental role in forming a healthy family. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the strengthening factors of marriage taking into account Iranian culture.This study was a mixed type and in the qualitative part of the content analysis approach and reviewing sources and literature of the last ten years and in the quantitative part of the data collected using descriptive method and Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis using 24 AMOS software analysis Were. The members of the sample group were selected based on the input criteria and by available sampling.The results showed that the checklist items that strengthen marriage were identified in the qualitative section of the acceptable ability to assess underlying factors such as family of origin and cultural, social and economic components and individual factors such as personality, moral and belief characteristics and factors of marriage including homology. And had consensus and intellectual sufficiency and marital factors including sexual / marital issues, communication skills and issues of childbearing and child rearing.A better understanding of the factors that strengthen marriage can provide a good way to model a successful marriage. It also helps marriage and family counselors and psychologists to help young people on the verge of marriage and increase the welfare of couples and reduce social harms, more beneficial and professional.Keywords: marriage stability, strengthening factors, Iranian culture

The purpose of this study is to design a model of leadership components of emotion foundation in educational centers of the country. This research has qualitative factors and grounded theory method has been used as the research method. The method of data collection is the study of theoretical foundations and in-depth and open interviews (12 interviews with 12 people) structured with experts and university professors. The sampling method was continued in the form of snowballs until theoretical saturation. The validity of the research tool was reviewed and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors. Reliability was obtained by using the process audit method of the results of 72.8%. To analyze the data, the continuous comparison method was used during the two stages of open and axial coding. Max QDA Pro software was used to analyze the interviews. Finally, 26 concept codes and 5 main categories (core code) were extracted. These categories include behavior-based, environment-based, reward-based, cognitive-based, and physiological-based. It is suggested that university administrators and professors in educational centers of the country use the results of the present study in order to implement the leadership of Atefeh Foundation.

The city of Karaj has special features that distinguish it from other metropolises, including the existence of suburbs and prisons within the city. The purpose of this study is to investigate the social and cultural determinants of crime, which was conducted in 2020. The method of the present research is meta-analysis of the content of texts. The statistical population is the research conducted in the field of crimes and social deviations. The total volume of the samples was 3001, which in addition to showing the importance of the present study can increase the accuracy of the results of the present study. Durkheim's theory of anomie was the most used theory in the reviewed studies. Immigration and peer variables were the most commonly used variables. "Drug use and trafficking" has been studied as a dependent variable more than other crimes and social deviations with four cases in the study. Gender, age and education have been the main variables in explaining crime. Men were more guilty than women and immigrants were more guilty than the natives. The results showed that the findings of the study are consistent with the results of some other studies, but a review of theoretical approaches to crime shows a change in the reading of crime. Also, the results of Chi-square test showed that in spatial analysis of crime, variables of darkness and light, solitude and coziness of crime scene, time of occurrence and locality and population density were significantly associated with the type and extent of crime.

The present study has been prepared with the aim of explaining the sociological factors affecting the attitude towards the development performance of government officials in Iran. . This method was based on a practical purpose and a survey type.390 students of Islamic Azad University and State University - Zanjan were selected by cluster random sampling. The method of data collection was field and using a questionnaire. The validity of the research instrument was confirmed by face-to-face method and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient ).8). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software using descriptive statistics including frequency tables, means, variance and to test the hypotheses, Pearson R and regression. Based on regression analysis: Attitudes of students (State University and Islamic Azad University of Zanjan), to the development performance of government, among middle-aged students (+ 0.13), (respectively the most effect) to: (Attitude to political development V2 (0.49), the attitude depends on economic development V1 (0.44) and participation in X9 elections (+0.14). b) Among the independent variables included in the regression model and independent variables outside the equation, the largest share of change Attitudes toward government development performance (74% of the total variance) are related to students' attitudes toward government political development management and government economic management; Which is directly related to and enhances the attitude of students (elderly and with high participation in elections, including the State University and the Islamic Azad University - Zanjan) towards the development performance of government officials.