نشریه مرور سیستماتیک در علوم پزشکی
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 5، زمستان 1401)

One of the health-related problems in the older is their sleep disorders, which can negatively affect the quality of life of this age group. Since exercising and physical activity can have positive effects on the sleep quality in elders, the aim of this review is to systematically review the studies conducted in Iran on the effect of endurance training on the sleep quality of the elderly.

In the present review, all articles related to the purpose of the study published up to April 2021 were reviewed. Search was performed in international databases PubMed, Scopus, web of science, google scholar as well as internal databases such as Magiran and SID with English and Persian keywords equivalent for training, sport, elderly, aging, sleep quality. Inclusion criteria included all published scientific research articles on sleep quality in Persian and English from 2010 to 2021 using “sleep quality “in the title. Exclusion criteria included abstracts of conference papers and non-English papers.

2140 articles were found in the initial search, from which 9 articles were finally reviewed in line with the objectives of the present study. These articles were selected after eliminating duplicates and in terms of meeting the inclusion criteria. Findings of the reviewed studies indicated that performing endurance physical exercises in different types, significantly improved the sleep quality of the elderly.

The results of this review study showed that different endurance exercises with moderate intensity have a significant positive effect on sleep quality in the elderly. It seems that the duration of the 12-week period and by repeating 3 sessions per week of endurance training has a positive effect
on the sleep quality in the elderly. Investigating the long-term effects of these exercises on the sleep quality of the elderly needs further investigation.

‘Restless Legs Syndrome’ is a sensory-motor disorder manifested by a tendency to move legs, usually accompanied by discomfort in the legs. Studies have shown that diabetics are more at risk for Restless Legs Syndrome than the general population. Therefore, a review study was designed to determine the methods of controlling restless legs syndrome in patients with diabetes.

This study was a scoping review. To find document related to the ‘Methods of Controlling Restless Legs Syndrome pharmacological in Diabetic Patients’, the English/Persian article were searched in data bases such as, Pub Med, MagIran, SID, Clinical key, Web of science, Nopa system
and Google scholars search engine from 2015 to 2020.The Prisma checklist was used to select articles and evaluate the quality of articles.

Methods of controlling restless legs syndrome in diabetic patients were divided into two categories: pharmacological control and non- pharmacological control. Pharmacological controls include dopaminergic agonists and alpha-2-delta ligands, opioids and iron supplements,
and medications used to manage RLS and diabetes-related complications include bromocriptine, clonidine, and gabapentin. Non- pharmacological controls include diet change recommendations, stress management, massage, cold and heat therapy, whirlpool baths, relaxation techniques, yoga, aromatherapy and lifestyle modification, physiotherapy and magnetic or electrical stimulation techniques, exercise and pneumatic compression devices are of interest to patients and physicians.

A review of studies showed that some pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods discussed in this study are effective in controlling ‘Restless Legs Syndrome’ in diabetic patients. Therefore, knowing and understanding these methods helps to empower the medical care
staff and the patient to achieve a higher level of control..

In December 2019, a new coronavirus strain called SARS-COV-2 represented a significant challenge for general wellbeing. The Virus can cause mental disability, particularly memory, through the brain parenchyma deterioration and glucose metabolism impairment. Also, elderly persistent home quarantine to prevent the disease, affects their mental condition adversely. Since elders are the most vulnerable group to Covid-19 and there are almost 50 million individuals with Alzheimer's around the world, this review expects to analyze the most recent in Alzheimer's disease and Covid-19 in older adults.

By searching the databases; SID, IranDoc, Google scholar, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Science Direct and using the keywords "Elder", "Covid-19", "Corona virus" and "Alzheimer"; all articles examining association between Covid-19 disease and Alzheimer were
included in the study. Electronic search was performed during 2019-2021.

Findings of 18 selected studies showed; there is a reasonable connection between these two disease which can be proven in both biological and behavioral dimensions. Likewise, cognitive impairment, irritability, mood and communication disorders in the elderly with and without Alzheimer's disease occurred with a steep slope during the Covid-19 quarantine contrasted with the time before the pandemic.

Considering the known pathophysiological connection between these two diseases, the decrease of social and physical activities during isolation and particularly relatives' partition, leads to a decrease in sensory stimulation and increased loneliness in the elderly and also cause restlessness,
cognitive disorders and hallucinations in these people. Although limitations are important to combat the Covid-19 outbreak, it is vital for meet seniors' mental requirements, particularly those with Alzheimer's disease, and their families, and appropriate estimates should be taken to assist them with
enduring the pandemic.

Numerous evidences indicate the extensive effects of the Covid-19 crisis on the working conditions of nurses and their job satisfaction. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the job satisfaction of nurses during the covid-19 pandemic.

This study was conducted using a systematic review based on six Cochrane stages. After determining the objectives and questions of the research, the key words "job satisfaction", "work satisfaction", nurse, Covid-19, coronavirus and their Persian equivalents including job satisfaction,
nurse, covid-19 and corona in valid databases including Web of science, PubMed, Scopus and electronic journal Science Direct and SID and Magiran were searched using AND, OR and NOT operators in the period of December 2019 to January 2022. Also, the Google Scholar search engine was also checked in order to ensure the extraction of all available related articles. Finally, out of 495 articles included in the screening stage, 22 articles were selected based on the entry and exit criteria for full review and data extraction.

After reviewing the full text of 22 included articles, the findings about "job satisfaction of nurses during the covid-19 pandemic" were summarized in three categories: (1) the level of job satisfaction (2) factors related to job satisfaction and (3) Solutions provided to improve job satisfaction

Job satisfaction of nurses during the pandemic was moderate in most studies and was related to three categories of individual, social and organizational factors. Also, researchers have presented solutions in their studies that can be used to improve the job satisfaction of nurses during
this crisis.

Knowing the strengths of foreign universities can encourage Iranian education planners to use the strengths of similar foreign universities to turn their weaknesses into strengths. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing Iran's pediatric nursing master's program with
the Catholic University of America.

In this descriptive-comparative study in 1401, data were collected to compare the master's course in pediatric nursing in Iran and the Catholic University of America based on the history and details of the curriculum of the master's course in pediatric nursing. The data were analyzed using the
Bereday model in four stages: description, interpretation, comparison and comparison.

The pediatric nursing master's program in Iran is concentrated in all universities and there is only one pediatric nursing master's program without a specific orientation. But at Catholic University, there were several trends for a master's degree in pediatric nursing. The pediatric nursing master's
program in Iran and the Catholic University were similar in terms of philosophy and perspective, the role of students after graduation, and educational strategies and teaching methods. But later on, trends, field of work, education costs, acceptance of students from other countries and the minimum required to register in the relevant training course were different.

Local planners can cover more needs of the community's health in the children's dimension by following the educational programs and broad dimensions of the pediatric nursing master's degree of the Catholic University.

Burnout syndrome is common among health workers, especially nurses. Among the nurses of different departments, the nurses working in the emergency department are more prone to burnout due to the existence of several factors such as high workload, long shifts, and insufficient human resources. The purpose of this study is to investigate burnout in emergency nurses.

This is a review study by searching for Persian studies using the keywords of job burnout, health care workers, medical staff, health care workers, nurses, emergency, in databases of SID, Civilica, Magiran and using the keywords of burnout, emergency, care provider, health care workers, nurses in PubMed, ISI Web Of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar databases between January 1, 1990 and December 30, 2022. Of the 761 studies that were found after an extensive search and screening; 44 studies were evaluated and analyzed for data extraction.

The results of these studies indicated that emergency nurses face burnout syndrome more than other nurses. It was also observed that various factors such as age, marital status, workload and working hours have a direct relationship with the job burnout. Also, the results of the studies show the impact of coping strategies, mindfulness and training programs on reducing nurses' burnout.

A significant number of emergency nurses had moderate to high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, along with low levels of personal success. Using coping strategies, mindfulness, meditation, and meditation are suggested ways to control and prevent burnout in emergency department nurses.

Today, hookah consumption has been raised as a health-related issue at the global level. Since the consumption of tobacco through hookah is increasing, especially among children and adolescents, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting it in order to plan preventive measures.
Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of reviewing the effective factors of adolescents' return to hookah consumption.

The methodology of this study was a field-based review. Data were collected using keywords in Magiran, ISC, SID, Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases between 2002-2022. Screening and selection of documents was done according to Prisma checklist.

In the initial search, 280 articles were found, of which 30 articles were included in the study by removing duplicates and unrelated to the research objective and inclusion criteria. The results of the studies showed that several factors are influential in the tendency of teenagers to hookah,
which were divided into 5 general categories including contextual, psychological, social, cultural and political factors.

Several factors play a role in the tendency of teenagers to use hookah, the most important of which are the knowledge and wrong attitude about the harms of hookah, easy and cheap access, sensory appeals and cultural acceptance of hookah. Therefore, it is suggested to create culture and increase awareness, ban the production of flavored tobacco, implement laws prohibiting the use of hookah in public places, increase the price of tobacco, and increase recreational facilities.

social media such as tv and radio, It plays a significant role in presenting a professional and sometimes unprofessional picture of different professions from different angles, dimensions and perspectives in societies. With the unexpected arrival of the covid-19 pandemic, nurses and the nursing profession received more attention from the public media, so this study aimed to compare the nursing image in this social media before and after the covid-19 pandemic.
 

 This article is a narrative review article. Search articles with the keywords "Nursing Image", "social media" and " Covid-19", through national databases, SID IranMedex, Magiran and Pubmed and International, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, web of science was conducted between 2000 and 2022. The twenty-eight article was searched based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and the purpose of this study was finalized.

The findings were reviewed in foreign and domestic media before and after corona and showed that before the covid-19 pandemic prevalence, nurses had more stereotypical or propaganda images in terms of appearance, gender and professionalism and were more engaged in non-specialized and physician-dependent tasks with the pandemic prevalence of covid-19 nurses in the media, mostly with the words "hero" and "soldier". And the health advocate was introduced and found a special place.

Covid-19 pandemic caused the media to present a more realistic image of nurses' role in health and disease control to the community and increase awakening and public awareness of the profession and nurses to be seen more prominently than before.
Keywords: Nursing image, social media, Covid-19.