نشریه امنیت انتظامی دریایی
پیاپی 47 (زمستان 1400)

 In all tribes, nations and societies, people pay attention to the future and its importance in life. In fact, futurism means preparing for the future and using the available resources in the best possible way in line with the values ​​of futurism in communication. with planning knowledge; The process of guessing and predicting future achievements can be defined to help plan and know the future in a structured and organized way. In other words, forecasting is not a one-time activity and it is during repetition and regular review that previous hypotheses are consolidated or invalidated and new hypotheses take their place. In futurology, economic and social aspects are studied and the time horizon is a long-term study. Future research is a process for making better decisions, looking at distant horizons and can be used in solving complex problems of society and also in building the future. Future research is among soft technologies. In this essay, the researcher tries to examine the dimensions of future research, its necessity and the way of future research. Also, after going through future research, scenario writing and its methods have been investigated.

 This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In this research, it was used to answer the questions through the collection of information using the library method and by using the sources, as well as the use of news sites and specialized articles.

 The findings of the research indicate that the development of the scenario is at the top of futurism, absolute imitation of futurism methods and topics, as followed by others, and borrowing from them can have unfortunate consequences. . Each country should design and implement a foresight project according to its conditions, infrastructure and needs. The success of foresight has a direct relationship with the country's infrastructure in various fields, especially scientific infrastructure and research and development. Despite the fundamental differences between countries, using and benefiting from the experiences of other countries in some fields can contribute to the success of foresight. Broad and appropriate communication plays a fundamental role in the success of the project. This communication includes the communication between the agents and those involved in the project, as well as between the project as a whole and other parts of the country, especially the authorities and policy makers. The project design stage plays a key role in achieving the goals. At this stage, the priorities, elites, course and method of doing work and its organization should be clearly predicted and adjusted.

 The present study examines one of the issues of the international law of the seas, namely the government's sovereignty in the territorial sea. This issue has always been one of the topics raised in the international law of the sea. In fact, the main motivation for writing this research was to investigate and analyze the aforementioned cases in the international arena and the legal status of Iran's coastal state on its territorial waters. In turn, this research has tried to avoid any one-sided interpretation of the governments in the field of issues related to the government's sovereignty in the territorial sea, to clearly examine this issue and related issues, for this purpose, the existing rules have been tried They should be detailed and, if necessary, accompanied by a historical review, and among the ambiguous rules, they should be clarified as much as possible. In cases where there are no rules, suitable suggestions have been made.

 The current research is trying to answer this question with a descriptive and analytical method, what are the legal foundations and competencies of the Iranian government compared to the conventions of 1958 and 1982?

 The results of this research show that Iran's maritime law system is based on three approaches compared to the 1958 and 1982 conventions: a) Iran's maritime law system has taken initiatives. b) Iran's legal system has approved the legal principles and rules contained in the Convention on the Law of the Sea. c) Iran's legal system in the third approach, contrary to the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea, has remained silent in explaining legal issues.

 The complexity of crimes affected by the passage of time and information and communication technology has created new forms of crimes on the one hand and on the other hand it has penetrated geographical borders and created actors who carry out their crimes geographically beyond the jurisdiction of countries. The aspect of transnationality and organization of crimes provided the basis for countries to come to the conclusion that they should actively enter into the issue, the components of organization along with transnationality and the occurrence of new crimes made any action difficult until The determination of the international community found its place in facing the issue. From the opportunities obtained from globalization and the ease of international communication and the removal of borders, criminal gangs have expanded their role and power beyond the borders and not only threaten a society and nation, but also endanger global security. In this thesis, the researcher tries to investigate and analyze transnational organized crimes from the perspective of documents and the international law system.

 The current research was conducted in terms of its practical purpose and information collection by library method and the obtained information was analyzed by descriptive analysis method. Therefore, considering that the resulting information has been collected using library tools, it has been extracted from books, articles, internet sources and other reliable research sources and in the framework of international laws and regulations, in order to find the most important examples of crimes. Organized, identified and explored.

 What emerges from the structure and context of organized criminal gangs indicates that criminal organizations easily adapt to the cultural, economic, political and geographical environment around them and by establishing effective local communication from the least The existing facilities gain the most productivity, the emerging plurality of organized groups at the regional and global level is something that really threatens to weaken the security of the world and it is necessary that laws be established at the international level and strategic police cooperation should be improved. And otherwise, international crimes threaten the essence of governments. The potential power of organized crime is not only to cause severe damage, but worse, to destroy macro-economies, and as a result, international security is the most decisive task of police control to develop effective and uniform measures to reduce and prevent international crimes.

 There are rights whose purpose is to provide protection for people when they are under interrogation, the principle of innocence, the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, the prohibition of forcing people to confess or testify against themselves, the right to remain silent. , the right of access to the translator is one of those rights that will be discussed in this chapter with regard to international law. Several rights whose purpose is to guarantee the safety of the accused during the interrogation, including the presumption of innocence and the right to an interpreter, the preparation of interrogation minutes, the prohibition of any torture or cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, the prohibition of forcing people to confess or testify against themselves, the right Silence and the right to access a lawyer.

 The research with an inferential method based on the analysis of events and police procedures in countries seeks to answer these questions: The main challenges raised at this stage are what rights does the accused have at this stage? Has his right to defense and silence been recognized at this stage? Are the judicial officers obliged to announce the right of silence to the accused? Asking such questions and answering them, as soon as the accused enters the cycle of criminal justice, because the progress of human rights and its connection with the understanding of human dignity and high value in society, respect and protection of his (accused) basic rights and freedoms ) and efforts to create and support peace and security in the society, strengthen and promote high human values ​​and achieve justice, become important.

 From the results and findings of the present research, it can be concluded that the police in most countries do not have a satisfactory record of compliance with international human rights standards in the police investigation process according to the available evidence. Therefore, this article aims to, firstly, the global standards of human rights in the process of police performance in the field of crime prevention and police investigation, according to international human rights documents and standards, with an emphasis on the international judicial practice of judicial authorities, especially the European Court of Human Rights, which in this regard It has valuable and path-breaking achievements, and secondly, the effects and consequences of violating these principles and standards will be examined according to the regime of international responsibility of governments as well as preventive mechanisms.

 Today, with the concept of community-oriented police and social security, the efficiency of the police organization is due to the communication and interaction with the society. Therefore, experts in the fields of social sciences and security believe that the police organization needs social capital. The components of security and feeling of public security can be created in the shadow of the social capital of the police. Social capital is the result of the dimensions of the police community and as a result of the close relations between the police and civil institutions, and it is the basis for establishing security at the community level, and in a higher way, it strengthens the level of the feeling of public security. In a society where security can put social interactions on a natural path, the lack of a "feeling of security" caused by various propositions can disrupt the normal course of people's lives in society. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the community-oriented position of the police in strengthening social capital and improving the level of public safety.

 This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In this research, to collect information from the library method, by using resource extraction and to collect expert answers, the subject has been explained.

 The findings of the research show that the presence of people in the public space requires them to feel safe. On the one hand, the police is a legalistic organization that has the legitimate power of physical coercion legally, and on the other hand, it is a civil force that should not be a distance between it and the people. On the one hand, the police relies on authority to establish order and security, and on the other hand, relying on the participation of citizens, they must strengthen security. Based on the measures and policies of the police force, today the police is moving in the direction of establishing a close relationship with the people of the society, therefore the police have a close interaction with the people of the society and while educating and informing them, they help them in crime prevention and conflict resolution. Differences help

 With the spread of the corona virus and the start of virtual education in education schools in the last 2 years, it has brought its own advantages and disadvantages. The trans-space and trans-temporal nature of the Internet and its availability to students has led to the formation of a new way of social interaction compared to the past and has a direct relationship with their security and moral categories. The present research was conducted with the aim of moral pathology of secondary school students.

 The research method used in this qualitative research is to study the desired phenomenon by studying thematic analysis and by interviewing the teachers and students of the first secondary level in Tehran, the ethical experts of Pawa, Fata Pawa, who were selected by the purposeful sampling method and from Information was collected through semi-structured interviews, the aforementioned data were analyzed in the form of common coding (open, central and selective). done.

 The findings show that there is a correlation between attending virtual education with harms such as premature puberty, increasing unconventional sexual relationships, decreasing student relationships with family, decreasing adaptation to the environment and society, decreasing religious beliefs, social isolation, and student academic failure. The most important solutions in this field are informing students and parents about injuries, using local experts in the production of indigenous systems, using the national internet, planning to create healthy free time for students, creating a culture for how Using the virtual environment, increasing media literacy, creating culture, creating content based on culture and religious beliefs about people and social and moral issues, etc. have been counted.