مجله دستاورد های روانشناختی
سال بیست و نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 28، پاییز و زمستان 1401)

Every year around the world, natural disasters lead to the death, disability and financial damage of many people and governments. So far, the focus of health systems has been on reducing the physical consequences of disasters. However, these incidents are a source of great stress for the survivors of the accident and have serious and long-lasting psychological consequences. Experiencing such an event leads to a wide range of disorders including symptoms of anxiety, neuroticism, depression and psychosomatic. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive hypnotherapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on reducing anxiety and autobiographical memory of flood-affected women in Poldokhtar.

The research was applied and quasi-experimental with a four-group pretest-posttest design. The statistical population included all middle-aged women in the flooded city of Poldokhtar in Lorestan province who had referred to health and psychological centers during the first two months of 2019. Among them, 60 people who had the highest rate of post-traumatic stress disorder were in three experimental groups (N = 45; Mage = 42.02, SD = 7.03) and one control group (N = 15; Mage = 41.50, SD = 7.91) were assigned by accident. The measurement tools included Williams and Broadbent (1986) autobiographical memory test and Beck and Esther (1990) anxiety scale. Statistical data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance, Bonferroni post hoc test and L-Matrix test.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that all three interventions of cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive hypnotherapy and EMDR were effective in reducing anxiety and increasing autobiographical memory of positive words compared to the control group (p <0.01). In addition, No interventions were performed on women's anxiety. The results also showed that patients were introduced to anxiety symptoms and the course of PTSD during cognitive-behavioral interventions and received training related to anxiety management, sedation, guided imagery, cognition of misconceptions, and cognitive distortions.

Therefore, it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy followed by cognitive-behavioral therapy and EMDR have a favorable effect on reducing anxiety and increasing the autobiographical memory of positive words in flood-affected women. However, the results of the present study showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and hypnotherapy were more effective than EMDR interventions. Among the reasons for this finding are the problem of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder in avoiding unpleasant emotions, using ineffective problem-solving strategies and interpersonal relationships.

COVID-19 is a major threat to the physical and psychological health. Using a mobile for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for classroom activities in the COVID-19 outbreak and the attractiveness of using it may make them more likely to experience sedentary behaviors (SB). SB are a distinct class of activities in which very low energy is consumed and is performed sitting or lying down. SB are associated with general ADHD symptoms. Also, an increase in parents' SB has led to an increase in SB in children. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between demographic and psychological characteristics and sedentary behavior in children with ADHD in the outbreak of Corona. Investigating the prevalence of SB in children with ADHD during the COVID-19 outbreak and the role of demographic variables, maternal SB and CDA in mothers is very important in terms of psychological programs in reducing the psychological effects of Covid-19.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. Among mothers of ADHD children, 136 mothers participated in the study by convenience sampling method. A Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Child Weekly Screen Time Scale (Sanders et al, 2016; Gingold et al, 2014; cited in Ariapooran, Hajimoradi, & Mousavi, 2020), and CDA (Alipour et al, 2020) Scales were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression.

According to results, the mean of SB in ADHD children in the Covid-19 outbreak was 30.84 hours and the highest mean was related to watching TV and playing games with handheld devices. Girls were less involved than boys in SB (p <0.05). Mother-child interaction and mothers' daily exercise positively and watching TV, searching social networks, and mothers CDA negatively correlated with SB in ADHD children (p <0.05). The results of stepwise regression confirmed the role of CDA, Mothers SB, mother-child interaction in predicting the SB in ADHD children (p <0.05).

The results showed a high mean hour of SB in children with ADHD during the COVID-19 outbreak; it is recommended that parents be educated about the negative consequences of SB. In addition, according to negative relationship between parents' interaction with children and exercise and physical activity in parents with a decrease in SB of ADHD children's, strengthening sports activities, especially home sports activities in COVID-19 conditions should be suggested, and it is better to provide the necessary education based on parent-child interaction. Due to the positive relationship between parental SB and SB in ADHD children, it is recommended that ways to manage SB for mothers be held as online or face-to-face workshops.

Creativity is recognized as one of the key skills in the 21st century. Higher education curricula should cover this skill seriously. The purpose of this study was to explore students' experiences of the creativity process in project-based learning. For this purpose, a descriptive phenomenological method was used. Participants were 11 undergraduate students who were studying educational sciences at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and were selected by purposive sampling method. Inclusion criteria were: undergraduate student in educational sciences, passing an individual project course, doing a creative project, and willingness to participate in the study. The students were involved in a creative project (making an educational game) for approximately 4 months. At the end of the project, a semi-structured interview was conducted with the students. Data were analyzed by a seven-level Colaizzi method. To increase the accuracy of data analysis, MAXQDA software was used. Data analysis revealed four main themes: a) Experiences related to encountering the project, b) processes, c) supportive resources, d) outcomes. Each of the main themes had other sub-themes. Based on the research findings, suggestions have been made to facilitate and improve the students' creativity process.

The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognition therapy on Covid-19 anxiety and distress tolerance in the patients recovered from Corona virus. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, control group and three-month follow-up period design. The statistical population included the patients recovered from Covdi-19 in the city of Shiraz in the autumn and winter of 2020. 31 patients recovered from Covid-19 were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received mindfulness-based cognition therapy (Cabat-Zin, 2003) during eight seventy-five-minute online sessions during a month. The applied questionnaires in this study included Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (Alipour, et.al, 2019) (CDAS) (Alipour, et.al, 2019) and Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (DTQ) (Simons and Gaher, 2005). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA. The results showed that mindfulness-based cognition therapy has had significant effect on covid-19 anxiety and distress tolerance in the patients recovered from Coronal Virus (p<0001) and could lead to the decrease of Covid-19 anxiety and the improvement of distress tolerance. According to the findings of the present study it can be said that mindfulness-based cognition therapy can be used as an effective intervention to decrease Covid-19 anxiety and improvement of distress tolerance in patients recovered from Corona virus through employing mindful attitude, mindful activities, addressing problem-making feelings and emotions and breathing exercises.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of Neurofeedback on sleep quality and pain control of people with Migraine Headaches who refer to specialized Neurosurgery clinics in Ahvaz Migraine headache as a psychosomatic disease is one of the most common pains and due to its frequency and severity, it is one of the most important types of headache; However, due to the nature of occasional seizures and the lack of fatalities, their importance in public health is often overlooked. Migraine headache is an attack disorder characterized by unilateral headaches with or without gastrointestinal and visual impairments, such as allergies. Occurs with sound and sensitivity to light, vomiting and nausea

The research method was semi- experimental with pre-test & post-test design with control group. For this purpose, among 30 people with a targeted method sampling to experimental (15 people) and control groups (15 people) At present, barbiturates are not prescribed due to their risks and side effects, and benzodiazepines are used as the most common hypnotic drugs. However, clinical and pharmacological experts all believe that continuous use of these drugs has an effect on Paradoxical sleep, shortening them as well as reducing the duration of deep sleep - changes the structure of sleep does not lead to restorative sleep and reduces the efficiency of the person and ultimately leads to dependence and soon diazepines on the causes of the disorder. Sleep is not effective and therefore their use should only be short-lived. Active electrode No. 1 was located at position T3 and active electrode No. 2 was located at position T4, and reference electrodes No. 1 and No. 2 were connected to the left ear and right ear, respectively; The grand electrode was attached to the back of the neck.

For data collection of Questionnaires Sleep quality of Boyez & et al (1989) and Pain control of McGill (1986) were used. The Neurofeedback intervention in 20 sessions 30-minute was performed in group experimental groups was conducted and the control group training data not. For data analysis, done by multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) and single-variable covariance analysis (ANCOVA). The results showed that the Neurofeedback intervention was effective on increase sleep quality and pain control in women with marital conflicts (P<0.001).

Accordingly, the results of the present study showed that neurofeedback therapy can be effective in increasing sleep quality and pain control.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and compassion-focused therapy on marital life satisfaction and maladaptive schemas. Marital relationships are the most basic and important interpersonal relationships that create the basic structure for establishing family relationships and raising children. One of the common concepts to show the level of happiness and stability of this marital relationship is the concept of marital satisfaction. Another variable that can affect women's performance is early maladaptive schemas. Early maladaptive schemas are beliefs that people have about themselves, others, and the environment, and typically stem from the satisfaction of basic needs, especially emotional needs, in childhood. Various factors can affect and change the variables of early maladaptive schemas and marital satisfaction of women. Schema therapy and compassion-focused therapy play an important role in this satisfaction.

The present study was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included married women students of Ahvaz Azad University in 2019 which 60 of them with a history of marriage between 1 to 5 years were selected by purposeful method and then randomly divided into two experimental groups (20 people each) and one control group (20 people). The research tools were marital satisfaction questionnaire and initial maladaptive schemas questionnaire. The schema experimental group received eight 90-minute schema therapy sessions and the compassion experimental group received eight 90-minute compassion-focused treatment sessions based on Gilbert's concepts. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that schema therapy is effective on marital satisfaction of married women and also on four of the five domains of primary maladaptive schemas and treatment focused on compassion on marital satisfaction and on all five domains of primary maladaptive schemas. Also, comparing the means of schema therapy and compassion-focused therapy in the dependent variable of marital satisfaction in the post-test and follow-up stages showed that there is no significant difference between schema therapy and compassion-focused therapy in terms of effectiveness on marital satisfaction. Schematic therapy and compassion-focused therapy in the dependent variable of maladaptive schemas showed that the difference between the means of these two groups in none of the five areas of early maladaptive schemas in the post-test and follow-up stages was significant. Therefore, it can be said that there is no significant difference between schema therapy and compassion-focused therapy in terms of the effect on initial maladaptive schemas in the post-test phase and the follow-up phase.

According to the obtained results, schema therapy and compassion-focused therapy can be used to improve marital satisfaction and early maladaptive schemas in married female students.

In the present age, each person experiences a variety of individual and social limitations in his life, and dealing with these obstacles provides the ground for the occurrence of many failures and frustrations;This problem is more pronounced in children, because in childhood, more communication with peers and less dependence on parents, this period is referred to as a stressful period. Accordingly, if a person can go through the process of socialization properly and align his needs with the needs of the society in which he lives, he will somehow reach social adequacy. in today's world more than ever require social flexibility and adaptation, which plays an important role in improving the health of people's lives.the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting the social adjustment of primary school children based on marital conflicts and cognitive emotion regulation skills of mothers.

The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included mothers who had primary school children in the fall of 2021 in Shahrekord; A sample of 377 of them was selected by available methods. Data were collected using questionnaires of the California Scale of Social Adjustment (1953), Sanaei Marital Conflicts (2000) and Garnfsky Cognitive Emotion Regulation (2006) and analyzed by multiple regression and Pearson correlation coefficient.

Findings showed a negative and significant relationship between marital conflict and negative emotion regulation skills (P <0.01) and a positive and significant relationship between positive emotion regulation skills and social adjustment of primary school children (P <0.01).

The findings generally indicate that the existence of marital conflicts between parents and difficulties in the cognitive regulation of emotions can cause social maladaptation of children in primary school.

Despite the emphasis on social distance and personal hygiene and warnings about the COVID-19, little attention has paid to its psychological aspects, which can affect adherence to self-care behaviours. Therefore, paying attention to the psychological effects of the COVID-19, such as fear and anxiety is of high importance. It is also useful to examine psychological mechanisms, such as resilience, which can have a variety of effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mediatory role of the resilience in relationship between coping strategies with corona anxiety.

The present study is a descriptive-correlational study using causal relationship modeling methods. The population of this study included all undergraduate students single-gender poldokhtar higher education center (boys) who were studying in the academic year 2020-2021. The statistical sample size was determined based on the rules of thumb Kline equal to 210 people, which was done by available sampling method and online questionnaire (Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS; Alipour & et al., 2020), Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ; Folkman & Lazarus, 1988), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC, 2003)). Due to the need to reduce social contact in order to prevent the spread of Covid-19, the available sampling method and Internet implementation were used. The method is that the questionnaire link was made available to users

The results showed that the model fit indices, ie x2/df= 1.32 less than 3, IFI= 0.99, TLI= 0.98, GFI= 0.99, AGFI= 0.97, CFI= 0.99, more than 0.9 indicate the appropriate fit of the model, as well as NFI= 0.98 more than 0. 8 and RMSEA= 0.04 less than 0.1. The emotional- focused coping strategy had a direct effect on corona anxiety (p < 0.01); but problem- focused coping strategies did not have a direct effect on corona anxiety (p > 0.05). Problem- focused coping strategy had a direct effect on resilience (p < 0.01); but emotional - focused coping strategies did not have a direct effect on resilience (p > 0.05). Also, resilience had an indirect effect on corona anxiety (p < 0.01). Indirect pathway results showed that only problem-focused coping strategies mediated by resilience could reduce corona anxiety (p < 0.01).

The results showed that resilience played a mediating role in the relationship between problem- focused coping strategies and corona anxiety; Researchers such as Fife & et al (2008) found that resilient people are more likely to use problem-solving coping strategies, and that using these coping styles reduces the likelihood of acquiring diseases and increases people's desire to receive health services. Problem-oriented coping styles create cognitive and behavioral efforts to prevent, manage, and reduce stress that can reduce the impact of stress on mental health and increase mental health and resilience (Nilsson, Carlsson, Lindqvist & Kristofferzon, 2017). Resilient people reduce their adverse effects and maintain their mental health despite being exposed to chronic stress and tension caused by corona heart disease. By promoting resilience, individuals can resist and overcome stressors, anxieties as well as factors that cause many of their psychological problems.

Organizational commitment underlies the belief in the goals and values of the organization, ‎a sense of loyalty, moral obligation, heartfelt desire, and ultimately the continuity of ‎employee activity in the organization. The presence of committed human resources ‎enhances the image of the organization in the community and provides a platform for the ‎development and excellence of this institution. While the low level or lack of commitment leads ‎to many unpleasant consequences such as: leaving the service, long absenteeism, reduced ‎client trust, reduced income, and unwillingness to stay in the organization. Research evidence shows that job burnout is one of the most important factors that is ‎inversely related to organizational commitment (wang & et al, 2020; Zhou, 2015). In other ‎words, burnout is considered a psychological syndrome that occurs in response to chronic ‎work-related stressors (Maslach & et al., 2001; D'Amico et al., 2020). In this regard, due to ‎the high rate of burnout and the effect it has on the organizational commitment of employees ‎‎(Hakanen & et al., 2008), there is an increasing need for psychological interventions in these ‎variables.Improving psychological flexibility through the matrix model provides an opportunity to prevent job burnout and promote organizational commitment in managers.

This study sought to determine the effectiveness of the matrix model in the job burnout and organizational commitment of the managers of Ahvaz Power Distribution Company, Iran. This is a pre-test/post-test quasi-experiment study with a control group. In this study, 30 managers who scored highest in the Maslach burnout inventory were selected and screened using multistage sampling. Then, they were put randomly in the experimental and control groups (n=15). The experimental group received a 10-session program (two-hour sessions per week) in accordance with the matrix model. In addition, the participants of both groups completed the burnout and Organisational commitment questionnaires both before and after the intervention.

The results of covariance analysis of data suggested that compared to the control group, the matrix model reduced burnout (F=125.02 and p<0.001) and improved organisational commitment (F=179.21 and p<0.001) in the managers of the experimental group.

International research over the past two decades on the acceptance ‎and commitment therapy points out that psychological resilience is the key to mental health and ‎well-being in society and organizations. Since most the psychotherapy approaches focus on ‎how to reduce unpleasant thoughts, emotions, and feelings, the Matrix model, as the latest ‎model of acceptance and commitment therapy, seeks to pursue valuable actions even despite of difficulties through perspective and It is called value-based life (Polk, Schoendorff, ‎Webster & Olaz, 2016). Following the findings, it can be argued that the matrix model was Effectively reduced job burnout and improving Organizational commitment. Thus, organizations are recommended to use this model to diminish employees’ burnout.

Students’ physical and mental health and identifying the predictors of these variables are among the essential duties of families and educational systems. In the present study, body appreciation as accepting, respecting, and having a favourable opinion of one’s own body, as well as rejecting unrealistic body ideals portrayed by the media, and self-improvement motivation as the motivation to enhance the one’s knowledge, education, personality, and status by making conscious efforts were considered target variables. Research has revealed that attachment quality has short-term and long-term effects on health-related variables during the life span. In addition, self-compassion as a factor under the positive psychology paradigm affects physical and mental aspects of everyone’s health. Hence, the goal of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between attachment dimensions (avoidance and anxiety) with body appreciation and self-improvement motivation.

This study was a descriptive (correlational) one. The sample group included 394 bachelor’s students (240 females and 154 males) of Yazd University in the academic year of 2018-19, who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The participants fulfilled the Revised Adult Attachment Scale, Body Appreciation Scale, Self-Compassion Scale and Self-Improvement Motivation Scale. The validity and reliability of the scales were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modelling with SPSS 24 and Amos 24. A bootstrap test with 95 per cent confidence intervals was also used to check the indirect effects and mediating roles. Finally, various fitness indices were applied to check the consistency between the data and the conceptual framework.

The final structural model had acceptable fitness indices. Regarding direct effects, the results revealed that the anxiety dimension of attachment predicted self-compassion and body appreciation negatively and significantly. The avoidance dimension only predicted self-improvement motivation positively. In addition, self-compassion predicted both body appreciation and self-improvement motivation positively. Finally, the results showed the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between attachment anxiety with body appreciation and self-improvement motivation. Therefore, the indirect effect of anxiety on both target variables through self-compassion was significant.

In sum, we can conclude that by teaching concepts and strategies of self-compassion and informing families about insecure attachment styles, the motivation for self-improvement and body appreciation can somewhat increase in college students. The result has been discussed in more detail using theoretical bases in the paper.

Epilepsy - the most common chronic neurological disease of childhood - is unpleasant for family members, especially mothers, not to mention that they play key roles in the care and control of seizures . thereby suffering from high anxiety. Childhood onset epilepsy can have a very significant impact on family functioning with high rates of maternal anxiety and depression being reported , Such chronic diseases like epilepsy can also put the family at risk over a long period of time, as well as leading mothers to not paying enough attention to other aspects of life. Therefore, families having children with such disabilities are exposed to many stressors that can hinder family development. As well as impacting on the parents themselves, parental mental health symptoms can impact negatively on behavior in children with epilepsy underlining the need to identify and provide support for these problems.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness - based stress reduction on worry and quality of life in mothers of children with epilepsy. The design of this quasi -experimental study was pretest - posttest with a control group. The study population was all mothers of Children with Epilepsy in Isfahan. The sample of the study was 30 of these mothers who were purposefully selected from the Masih Epilepsy Society and randomly divided into 2 groups (experimental and control). The experimental group was trained in mindfulness - based stress reduction program (Based on theory Teasdale et al, 2007) for 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Also, after the end of the study, treatment was performed for the people in the control group. The Pennsylvania State worry Questionnaire (1990) and the ware& Sherbourne Quality of Life Questionnaire (1992) were used to collect data.

The results were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that educational intervention reduced worry and increased quality of life in two main dimensions (physical health and mental health) in mothers with epileptic children (p < 0. 05) .

Mindfulness - based stress reduction program can reduce worry and increase the physical and mental health of mothers with epileptic children. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use mindfulness - based stress reduction therapy as intervention method to reduce worry and increase physical and mental health in mothers of children with epilepsy.

Marriage as the most important human relationship and marital life is one of the most complex life cycle transitions. The marital adjustment was first considered by Spanier as a permanent process based on the degree of agreement of the couple on important issues in the marital relationship, such as the degree of participation in the joint activities as well as emotional and physical intimacy. One of the factors of marital adjustment is paying attention to the initial relationships of the individual in the main family, which has a lasting effect on the quality and success of marital life. The aim of this study was to predict marital adjustment based on personality traits through emotion regulation, conflict management and sexual intimacy of teacher couples in Kermanshah.

This research is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this study included all married teachers in Kermanshah in the period 1300-1499, from which 300 married teachers were selected by random sampling. Research information using the Marital Adjustment Scale Questionnaire (Spanier, 1976), Personality Traits Questionnaire (Costa and McCree, 1985), Emotion Difficulty Scale (Gertz and Roemer, 2004), Conflict Resolution and Sexual Intimacy from the Questionnaire subscale Enrich's marital satisfaction (Olson, 1998) was collected and analyzed using SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 software.