مجله زبان و ادبیات فارسی
سال هجدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1401)

The present study, which focuses on interdisciplinary research, seeks to examine Erich Fromm's humanistic psychoanalysis, in particular his personality theory, and the similarities between narrative structure and social structures. And by examining the story and the psyche to understand the relationship between the semantic networks of narrative texts and culture and society. Analyzes the process of formation of social characters in this work in order to provide a practical model based on the great novel Klider, which is a clear and realistic view of the social and cultural structures of the present time. Explains how they are influenced by social structure and the influence of cultural structures and forces of society, and the concepts of this influence in terms of descriptive-analytical, inductive and based on the American school of comparative literature in the form of a productive assembly. This study shows that the characters in the story are strongly influenced by social events. The process of personality formation is directly related to social developments in society. Thus, in addition to proving the ability of Forum theory to analyze realist works, and in particular the relationship of personality with society and the relationship of narrative structure with real and external world structures. The relationship of literature with other branches of humanities including psychology and sociology is prominent. This provides a good platform for interdisciplinary studies for researchers in the comparative literature.

The story of "Parrot and Merchant" is one of the stories that appear in the commentary of Abul Fattuh Razi and Asrar Nameh of Attar and Masnavi of Rumi. This story has been studied from different angles such as social, mystical aspects, moral teachings, etc. In this article, this issue has been analyzed from the perspective of personality psychology. The general atmosphere of the story is in the form of code or metaphor so that in addition to an entertaining story, mystical and moral thoughts can be instilled in the audience in the best way, and in addition to that, the psychology of the characters of this beautiful story can be analyzed. This article tries to answer the question: Does the trapped parrot, which is the searching soul of man, reach perfection from the point of view of psychology? And finally, it can be seen that by overcoming the problems and hardships of life and trust To God and ignoring the appearances of the material world and apparent peace and prosperity, he can overcome many of his problems and reach the stage of self-fulfillment, which is the stage of perfection or the climax.

In this research, the articles that have been published in the last two decades on the subject of criticism and analysis of Shamlu's poetry and thought, which have been published in scientific-research magazines, have been examined and classified. and secondly, from what dimensions it has remained unknown and neglected. In this research, an attempt has been made to answer the question that the most critical approach of critics in the last two decades has been to which type of criticism has been applied to the criticism of Shamlu's poetry and what is the reason for the abundance or few types of criticism made on Shamlu's poetry and thought? For this purpose, a descriptive-analytical method has been used. The results of the research show that the number of criticisms in the 90s is twice as much as the criticisms made on Shamlu's poetry in the 80s. Out of the twenty-one articles in the eighties, eight were rhetorical criticism, four were constructive criticism, and the rest were mythological, psychoanalytical, and feminist criticism. In the nineties, forty-three scientific research articles criticized Shamlu's poetry and thought, which was the most Comparative, rhetorical, constructivist, and reader-oriented criticism respectively. The results of the research indicate that the frequency of comparative, rhetorical, structuralist, and constructive criticism in the criticisms of the last two decades shows that the critics, according to the latest approaches of criticism in the world and based on the view They are moving forward in the world of criticism. On the other hand, there are a lot of modern aspects in Shamlu's poetry, and the rhetoric of her poetry is western and new, and it is more compatible with modern literary theories, which has caused critics to have an exponential tendency towards her poetry.

Each person has a set of specific behavioral patterns that represent his mental state, but since the same person in a different mental state shows other behavioral patterns that are often inconsistent with his previous behavior, this led to the emergence of "Theory of My States" by Eric Burn. The founder of mutual behavior analysis divides "My Situations" into three parts: parent, adult, and child. According to Eric Burn's theory, "parent" is one of the three states of human personality that is learned from parents, or patterns of power. This research analyzes the "parental" behaviors of Amir Masoud of Ghaznavi with a descriptive-analytical method and by referring to the history of Beyhaqi and the theories of Eric Burn. He makes decisions from his autocratic "parent" mode and creates approaches such as asserting power, threats and intimidation and tyranny.

Stylistics is a science that examines each person's specific way of expressing their views and opinions. A layered stylistics with a literary analysis approach examines the text in five layers: phonetic, rhetorical, syntactic, lexical and ideological, and after explaining each of these five elements in a literary work, it seeks to characterize the Special characteristics shows the work that is the basis of his personal style.The present article is based on library studies and has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner Salman Hrati should be called the pure voice of the literature of the stability of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. His main approach and motivation for composing poetry in defense of the Islamic Revolution and explaining its values is the issue of war, religious ideals and criticism of other socio-political structures in the world based on religious values. Due to the importance and special position of the poet, he tries to present Salman Hrati's collections in five layers (phonetic, lexical, syntactic, rhetorical, ideological) by presenting the tools and linguistic functions of the poetic system based on statistics Be carefully analyzed. Most of Hrati poems directly or indirectly refer to the poet's worldview of his social beliefs and perceptions. Hrati in his white poems does not pay much attention to the form, structure and music of speech and is not similar to poetic expression in terms of language, expression and structure. Vocabulary of elements derived from nature and the use of folklore culture is a special feature of Salman Hrati language and in terms of image, it uses different types of imaginary forms such as simile, metaphor and irony with the focus on recognition and succeeds in creating beautiful images with simple language. It immerses the reader in its clarity.

Comparative literature is a branch of literary criticism that studies literature and other cultural manifestations between linguistic and literary boundaries and examines the similarities and differences between them, and opens new intellectual horizons to nations beyond political and cultural boundaries. After the formation of the romanticism school in France and the expansion of the relationship between French poets and writers with Eastern literature, many common horizons emerged in the thought and speech of Iranian and French poets. Parveen and Andrezhid are among the great writers of Iran and France, and looking at the common themes in their speech, we get the general result that despite the distance between them, how much can there be the sameness in their thoughts, style of expression, theme and content of their works. Before and more than being able speakers, they are teachers of ethics who seek excellent examples of ethics, life and human society in different human aspects. Etsami, to examine the compatibility of words and thoughts of these two artists.

A myth is a memory of peoples who have ancient civilization and culture; In this essay, we have tried to investigate and analyze the characteristics of the earth among the nations of ancient Iran, who refer to it as Sepandarmaz, based on its mythological basis and with special attention to the return of archetypes, and with the stories Let's compare epics such as Shahnameh and Garshaspnameh book. The earth is a mother who is not only among the Iranian nations, but also the majority of the nations, the symbol of the "mother of existence" and has had a soul and soul in the minds since the beginning; A mother who never stops giving birth and moving; The earth is alive and dynamic and has such holiness that Hormazd (God) created the earth after creating the sky. The earth, as the mother of existence in itself, nurtures snakes like Rostam, Sohrab, Siavash, etc. and does not stop giving birth to once again show the seed of such people in the existence of pious and righteous people.