فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 116 (آبان 1401)

Financial literacy, which means having knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to this area, is of double importance for young people, especially students who are moving from dependence to independence, and their financial mistakes will have continuous consequences in their future. Despite the importance of measuring and evaluating financial behaviors, there is a research gap in the field of investigating this issue in the studied society.

The purpose of this research was to measure the level of financial literacy of student-teachers at the Farhangian University of Gilan and to analyze the relationship between several psychological and demographic variables with it.

The present research was descriptive and surveys study. The statistical population of the research consists of 613 students of Farhangian University of Gilan province, of which 242 were selected by simple random sampling. Two questionnaires by Moinuddin (2011) and Patrich et al. (2016) were used to collect the data.

The findings showed that the average score of student-teachers in financial knowledge is 4.50 (out of 24), financial attitude is 60.29 (out of 75) and financial behavior is 62.45 (out of 100). Also, the examination of the relationship between psychological and demographic variables with the dimensions of financial literacy showed that, except for a few variables, the status of students' financial literacy is similar in most of the variables, and different groups of students have the same financial literacy.

These findings show that the financial literacy of students is at a very low level in terms of knowledge, but the status of students' financial literacy is good in two dimensions, attitude, and behavior. Different groups also have a similar level of financial literacy.

Although numerous factors are at play at different cognitive, personality trait, emotional, and behavioral levels in sleep quality in adolescents, the wider picture is still unclear.

This study aimed to predict sleep quality in adolescents based on dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, neuroticism, Internet addiction, and anxiety sensitivity mediated by emotion regulation strategies and mindfulness.

Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in this study. The statistical population included all female and male senior high school students in Damghan, Iran in the 2020–21 academic year. Three hundred and twenty nine adolescents were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Research instruments were Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (DBAS) (Morin et al., 1993), NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Short Form (NEO-FFI-SF) (Costa and McCrae, 1989), Internet Addiction Test (IAT) (Young, 1998), Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) (Reiss, Peterson, Gursky, and McNally, 1986), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ–CA) (Gross and John, 2003), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) (Ryan and Brown, 2003), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (Buysse et al., 1989). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and SEM.

The findings showed that mindfulness and adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies mediated the relationship of neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity, dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, and Internet addiction with sleep quality (P < 0.001).

Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the structural model of the research had a good fit and hence Clinical therapists specializing in adolescents’ mental health are recommended to take into consideration the role of these components.

Post-divorce consequences is a context-based phenomenon and in every community it is affected by the personal, social and cultural factors of that community. A number of studies have been carried out on the consequences of divorce over the world, but there is a reaearch gap on its consequences for divorced women, espicially in small and traditional citiez in Iran.

The purpose of this study is qualitative study of the experiences of divorced women in Behbahan of the consequences of divorce.

The present study is the result of a qualitative study and a semi-structured interview with 13 divorced women in Behbahan, who were selected using purposive sampling method. The data collection method was semi-structured interview and these interviews continued until theoretical saturation. The thematic analysis method (Braun & Clarke, 2006), were selected in order to analyze the data.

Data analysis showed 210 codes in 4 main themes (Socio-cultural, Psychological, Personal consequences, Economic consequences) and 15 sub-themes (mposing society's perceptions on divorced women, social stigma, greed, reconnection, relationships with friends and relatives, the role of family, conflicting emotions, emotional thoughts, lack of life skills, communication with children, meta-parenting, crisis of residence, seeking of psychological help, behavioral measures and economic insecurity).

Divorce for women is a cycle of vulnerability and individual and social consequences that lead them to use protective mechanisms such as isolation, secrecy and aggression in interpersonal relationships to try to adapt to new circumstances.

Numerous studies have predicted investment decision-making behavior as one of the most important decisions of individuals and the effects of financial literacy on it. But research that has simultaneously mediated the role of financial self-efficacy and financial literacy in relation to cognitive abilities and investment decision-making behavior has Been neglected.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cognitive abilities and investment decision-making behavior of Tehran Stock Exchange investors with mediating role of financial self-efficacy and financial literacy.

In the present descriptive-correlational study, the study population included all active investors in Iran's capital market. From the statistical population, 380 people were selected by available sampling method. During the sampling process, it was attempted to select investors with at least one year of activity in the capital market. The research instruments included the Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire (nejati, 2013), the Financial Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (lown, 2011), the Financial Literacy Questionnaire (Bongomin et al, 2016), and the Decision Decision Behavior Questionnaire (lim, 2012). The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling.

The results showed that cognitive abilities have a positive and significant relationship with investment decision-making behavior (p<0.05). Bootstrap results also showed that financial self-efficacy and financial literacy can mediate the relationship between cognitive abilities and investment decision-making behavior (p<0.05).

Improving cognitive skills and abilities, high financial self-efficacy and high financial literacy can affect the quality of investor's decision-making behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in improving the quality of investment decision-making behavior.

The instability of marriage has a deep impact on a couple's relationship and family structure. Although many studies have been conducted on marital instability, the role of attitude towards marriage and emotional maturity in predicting marital instability has been under-examined.

This research was conducted to identify the contribution of emotional maturity factors, attitude towards marriage, age at marriage, and income level to the instability of marriage of married men and women with a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 10 years of marriage. Also, identifying the role of the factors of attitude towards marriage and the factors of emotional maturity in predicting the instability of the marriage of the two studied groups is one of the goals of this study.

In this research, descriptive, correlation, and regression tests have been used. One-hundred ninety-seven men and women with a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 10 years of history of marriage and at least one child were selected using non-probability purposive available sampling and answered questionnaires about marital instability (Booth et al, 1987), attitude towards marriage (Rozon and Bratton, 1998) and emotional maturity (Singh and Bhargava, 1974) have answered. The age at the time of marriage and the amount of income were collected through interviews. The data have been analyzed using t, correlation, and regression tests.

In this research, descriptive, correlation, and regression methods were used. One hundred and ninety-seven men and women with a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 10 years of cohabitation were selected as available to answer questionnaires on marital instability (Booth et al, 1987), attitudes toward marriage (Rozon and Bratton, 1998), and emotional maturity (Singh and Bhargava, 1974) to answer. Also, the age at the time of marriage and the amount of income were collected through interviews. Data were analyzed using t, correlation, and regression tests.

The results showed that pessimism in women and men, lack of emotional stability in women, and social adjustment in men affect the degree of marital instability. The results of this research can be used to formulate and implement educational and therapeutic programs to reduce couples' pessimism and increase women's emotional stability and men's social adjustment to reduce couples' marriage instability.

Research background shows the crucial role of emotion regulation strategies in couples' adjustment. Furthermore, lifestyle can influence the relationship between factors that affect couples' adjustment. Studying the structural relationships between these factors in reconciling couples' infidelity and exploring lifestyle as a mediating factor can enrich this research area.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the context of marital adjustment as mediated by lifestyle.

The research method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population includes all married clients in counseling centers in Tehran during the first six months of 2021. By applying the rule of tens for each measured variable, the sample size was determined to be 247 participants. Multi-stage cluster sampling was selected using the random sampling method. Modified paired adjustment questionnaire, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and Lifestyle Questionnaire (LSQ) were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed through descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling by maximum likelihood estimation.

The results show that there is a direct relationship between adaptive strategies (p= 0.001, β= 0.47) and non-adaptive strategies (p= 0.004, β= 0.24) and lifestyle. There is an indirect relationship between adaptive strategies (p= 0.012, β= 0.226) and non-adaptive strategies (p= 0.027, β = -0.117) and marital adjustment. The research model is consistent with the collected data (RMSEA= 0.052, CFI= 0.959).

Cognitive emotion regulation and lifestyle are key factors in predicting marital adjustment. Therefore, it is vital to consider how these variables play a part in increasing marital adjustment.

Research has shown that emotional self-regulation training has been effective in increasing emotional health, social competence, academic performance and behavioral problems in children with learning disabilities, comorbidity, and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. But there is a research gap in the application of these trainings in the research community.

The effect of training emotional self-regulation strategies on social competence, academic performance and behavioral problems of students with learning disabilities with comorbidity of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

The present research method is quasi-experimental pretest, posttest design with two groups experiment. The statistical population included all students in the fourth, fifth and sixth grades of state centers for learning disabilities in District 4 Education of Tehran in the academic year of 1398-1399. 30 students were selected as the sample by available sampling method and randomly divided into experimental group and group of control (15 people in each group). Research instruments include: Connerss Child behavior Degree Scale- Teacher Form (1990), Zhou & Jei Scale (2012), Learning Disability Assessment Scale - Second Edition McCarney & Arthaud (2007), Experience-Based Child Behavior Checklist Achenbach & Rescola (2001) 8 sessions 60-Minute Emotion Regulation Training Program (Allen, 2009). Data analysis using univariate analysis of variance and by spss.24 software was performed

Barkley's parenting education program had an effect on social competence (p<0.0001) and behavioral problems (p<0.001) and emotion self-regulatory strategies on academic performance (p<0.001).

Based on the findings of the present study, it can be said that emotional self-regulation is effective on social competence, academic performance and behavioral problems of students with learning disabilities with comorbidity of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

Research on job enrichment performed in the last decade has mainly focused on Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model. By considering a broader perspective and combining two theories of task attributes theory and social information processing model, the present study investigated job enrichment.

The purpose of this study was to design the model of job enrichment establishment with the emphasis on behavioral dimension in Iranian public organizations (case study: social security organization).

The present study was qualitative research, and data was collected through semi-structured interviews, and analyzed by qualitative content analysis method. Interviewees included two groups of academic experts specializing in human resource management, and managers and deputies in public organizations.

The results emphasized several fundamental and developmental categories for implementing and developing the concept of job enrichment in public organizations. For example, the category of job policy-making as a fundamental factor in the process of job enrichment; the category of trends in job enrichment as the main axes of the process; employee's job psychological perceptions and job outcomes as behavioral and psychological outcomes of the job enrichment process; and, the environmental factors as an underlying and effective category.

What the findings showed in the form of a conceptual model was the importance of a dialectical view with a dynamic capability on the subject of job enrichment. Thus, public organizations need to pay special attention to two factors of job policy-making and intra-organizational environmental factors to increase the feasibility of job enrichment in the job framework and human resources because both can change the direction of job enrichment details, especially its axes, towards either success or failure.

Obsession with death is one of the threats to mental health in the corona epidemic. So far, no clinical study comparing the effectiveness of psychological treatments such as acceptance and commitment therapy and behavioral therapy in death obsession has been done, and there is a huge research gap in its investigation.

current research aimed to compare the efficacy of ACT with Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) on death obsession in women in the Corona pandemic.

The present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a one-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the study was all women aged 20-60 years old who had a file in two centers in Adiban and Khaneh Behi in 2021. In total, 45 patients were selected by the purposive sampling method through screening and entered the study. The selected patients were divided into three groups (every 15 samples were chosen randomly). Individuals in ACT and DBT each received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of treatment intervention online weekly, the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tool was the death obsession questionnaire Abdel-Khalek (1998). The data were analyzed using the mixed analysis of variance test.

The results showed that in the post-test phase, both intervention methods had a significant effect on reducing women's death obsession (P<0.05). In the follow-up phase, two interventions significantly reduced women's obsession with death, but no statistically significant difference was observed between the two interventions (P>0.05).

Based on the findings of this research, it can be said that both treatments based on acceptance and commitment and dialectical behavior therapy using the principles of mindfulness and increasing psychological flexibility were effective in reducing women's obsession with death. Being aware of these interventions can be effective for women's obsession with death during the Corona era.

Studies have reported that negative experiences in the families of veterans and martyrs may lead to a decrease in mental health. Therefore, interventions that can increase the crisis of meaning and psychological well-being to face the challenges and get rid of the absurdity and futility in this society are of great importance. But there is a study gap in the field of application of these treatments in this society.

This study was conducted to investigate the impact of education based on time perspective on psychological well-being, sense of meaning in life, and vitality of wives of martyrs and veterans.

The method of this study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design along with a control and experimental group. Using available sampling, 28 wives of martyrs and veterans of Shiraz participated in this study and were randomly assigned to the control group (n=14), and experimental group (n=14). Ryff Psychological well-being Questionnaire (Ryff, 1995), Meaning of Life Questionnaire (Steger, 2005), and Vitality Questionnaire (Rayan and Fredrik, 1997) were used to collect data. Time perspective intervention was performed in 6 sessions. Data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance.

Overall, the findings showed that time perspective intervention affects the meaning in life (p˂0.05). However, it had no significant effect on the vitality and psychological well-being scores (p˃0.05).

It can be concluded that time perspective intervention can be considered as a method to improve the sense of the meaning of life in the spouses of martyrs and veterans. More studies are needed to generalize the findings of the study.

Numerous studies have shown that early maladaptive schemes play a role in various aspects of human life, but there is a research gap in the relationship between these schemes and career path adaptability.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between early maladaptive schemes and adaptability of students' career path by network analysis.

The research method was descriptive, correlational and research tools were Young's Scheme Questionnaire (1990) and Savickas' Career Adaptability Questionnaire (2012). The statistical population included all students of universities and higher education institutions in the country in 2019, sampling method was non-random with maximum variation and the sample size was 849 people. Questionnaires were provided to students through Google Docs. Network analysis, R software and Qgragh package were used for data analysis.

Based on the betweenness index, Unrelenting Standards scheme (20) and the confidence (19) were ranked first. Also, the shortest path between adaptability dimensions and schemes was obtained separately: The dimension of Concern, with the schemes of Approval-Seeking (10/21), Subjugation(10/76) and Insufficient Self- control(13/17), Control dimension, with schemes of Emotional Deprivation(9/99), Insufficient Self-Control(10/69) and Unrelenting Standards(11/76), Curiosity dimension with Insufficient Self-control(10/26), Emotional deprivation(10/99) and Mistrust(11/21), And the dimension of Confidence with Insufficient Self-control(8/10), Unrelenting Standards(9/17) and Failure to Achive(10/36), have the shortest distance, respectively.

The results showed that from 18 early maladaptive scheme, 8 schemes of Approval-Seeking, Subjugation, Insufficient self-control, Emotional Deprivation, Unrelenting Standards, Entitlement, Mistrust and Failure to Achive have the most role in various dimensions of students' career path adaptability.

Disease perception is an organized cognitive representation that thalassemia patients have of their illness and its effects. Research has shown that mindfulness-based stress reduction programs are effective on self-management and reducing patient anxiety, but the application of this treatment on disease perception in the target population is a research gap.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR) on disease perception in thalassemia patients.

The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with thalassemia in Behshahr who were members of the Thalassemia Association in 1400 (approximately 90 people). Fourty thalassemia patients selected by purposive sampling as a research sample and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (20 patients in each group). First, both groups answered the Bradbent et al.'s (2006) Perception of Disease Questionnaire (pre-test). The experimental group then underwent mindfulness-based stress reduction program of Kabat Zinn (2009) for 8 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that in the post-test stage, the score of disease perception components in the outcomes, duration, nature, concern, emotional responses and cause of the disease, the subjects in the experimental group compared to the control group decreased significantly (P<0.05). In the components Personal control, treatment control and disease cognition increased according to the mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR) (P<0.05).

Mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR) for thalassemia patients reduces their anxiety, and leads to their greater efforts to control their disease status.