فصلنامه اخلاق در علوم و فناوری
سال هفدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 62، پاییز 1401)

In the Law on registration of deeds and real estate, the definition of official document and the scope of inclusion of official documents are different from civil law, and these definitions create different interpretations and effects in society and how to deal with legal issues and problems. Resolving legal deficiencies in answering accidental questions that occur in the community, especially notaries, requires newer arguments or more up-to-date and dynamic interpretations. Therefore, the present study decided to examine the legal loopholes in the field of official documents in Iran and its ethical implications.

In order to achieve the goal in the present study, after expanding the conceptual space of the research topic, the moral and legal gaps of the official documents were explained. The findings of this study indicate that the lack of approval of up-to-date laws and the silence of the legislature and the mismatch of current legal practices and events in society with the old laws and the complete non-compliance of laws with all the needs and legal issues of the day, including legal loopholes. Official documents are considered to have moral and legal consequences, such as disagreement over the interpretation of laws, the formation of different procedures in the preparation of documents in notaries, the increase in the number of lawsuits between different segments of society, mistrust and lack of security.

Observance of human rights standards and adherence to ethical principles and foundations prevents the vulnerability of governments to foreign decisions and guarantees the independence of countries in a world where interdependence is one of its characteristics. Governments, while having legal legitimacy, must also enjoy moral legitimacy. Otherwise, international organizations and other governments are under pressure from the international community due to the statements of official human rights organizations. This pressure can even go so far as to force a human rights abuser to comply with the relevant rules and ethics. Today, international law prohibits threats and the use of force in international relations, and calls on member states of the United Nations to refrain from threatening and using force against political independence and territorial integrity of other countries. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the criteria for prescribing the use of force in the event of a gross and widespread violation of human rights and its moral foundations.

A review of available sources shows that the imposition of coercion in case of gross and widespread violations of human rights can comply with the documents and regulations of public international law. Failure to uphold the moral foundations of human rights in a way that hurts the conscience of human society will lead to gross violations of human rights. And that could be a license to use force. In addition, the protection of ethical standards such as protection of human dignity, legitimate defense and the maintenance of international peace and security can be considered as a reason for resorting to force, and in such circumstances, only the Security Council can issue a permit for the use of force.

A considerable part of human activity is devoted to work and profession, and engineering, especially architecture, is essential to the production of living and activities spaces. Wherever, we are in an environment designed by engineers, environmental designers and architects, and what we see and experience is the product and experience of their professional endeavors. These space products are designed to meet the needs of users. Needs that are shaped by the type of life and the level of desire that translate into the term “lifestyle”. Certainly, the term is not only interpretable in the process of producing ethical aspects, but it is itself the basis for behaviors and actions that can underlie ethical evaluation. Thus, the purpose of this article is to explain the professional ethics in architecture with regard to Islamic lifestyle.

The results of this study show that there are significant similarities between the aspects of Islamic lifestyle (moderation, avoidance of extravagance, piety and godliness, thinking, truthfulness and honesty, etc) and engineering ethics (creating welfare, safety and health of the community, independence, legality, discipline, courage, skills, knowledge, etc) are significant similarities between the two domains. In other words, every aspect of the engineering ethics interacts with several aspects of the Islamic lifestyle.

In every job and profession, following ethical norms is a necessity. But in all professions, there is a possibility that the owners of words will do their work in a wrong way by deviating from the ethical norms. Meanwhile, some legal professions are among high-risk professions in terms of the possibility of moral harm. One of these groups are judges. This issue makes the need for more moral care and attention for the owners of such jobs, in order to avoid the risk of moral deviations inevitable. In order to achieve this holy goal, in this article, the role of legal ethics in determining the special moral needs of judges has been discussed in order to reduce the moral damage of this job.

The job of judging is because the judge determines the task of disputes and in order to exercise the right, it may be influenced by various factors and influential people, he may deviate from the path of neutrality or by accepting gifts and unconventional and advisable privileges. To cause the loss of the right to innocence is considered a risky job in moral terms. At the time of issuing a verdict, the judge can be influenced by pressure levers directly or indirectly, such as the media, social conditions, and even financial and moral corruption. Therefore, it is necessary for such people to be equipped with the necessary moral qualifications to lead to the high goals of this job, including the creation of justice and fairness in the society, the satisfaction of the members of the society, and the people's trust in the Islamic judicial system.

Due to the increasing expansion of the electronic world in all aspects, e-commerce has found its place alongside traditional transactions and in turn are of particular importance and have left a significant share in commercial contracts. This has led to significant ethical challenges. E-commerce, due to the lack of necessary legal and legal grounds, lack of proper mechanism to protect consumer rights, lack of necessary security for exchanges and exchange of information, etc., has provided a potential ground for violating business ethics. Therefore, the present study decided to examine the moral status of traditional and electronic transactions in the absence of intention and consent, which is one of the important ethical principles in concluding contracts.

By examining the factors of lack of intention and consent such as error, reluctance and urgency, each of which has different effects on the contract from the point of view of ethics, it became clear that because intention is the constructive element of the contract and consent is the only condition for its validity. It is considered that the contract will be ineffective in the case of intentional ineffectiveness, in the absence of intention, and the contract will be ineffective in the case of reluctance in the case of reluctance, in the absence of consent. However, urgency, which is moral, has no effect on the transaction. In essence, there is no difference between e-commerce and traditional trading; It's just that the two are different. The same applies to e-commerce.

Islam as a comprehensive religion rooted in human nature and revealed in order to respond to basic human needs has broadened the ethics of its criminal policy to include crime, crime and punishment. In keeping with each other and with the other rules of this religion, it has set guidelines and values ​​based on ethics and principles for avoiding crime in the community if the Prophet (peace be upon him) fulfills the ultimate goal of his religion. The moral merits of expression are stated. To explain Islam's criminal policy requires the expression of the characteristics and general characteristics of the fundamental moral principles that have been taken into account at all stages of criminal policy. The purpose of the present discussion is to examine the ethical principles and values ​​of Islamic criminal policy.

Applying ethics in criminal policy requires understanding the ethical criteria in this legal system. In explaining ethics, there are three principles of respect for human dignity, centralized justice, and tolerance that are the basis for the formulation of legal rules in criminal policymaking. Criminal policy alone will not be achieved by the mere use of legal rules and ethics must be addressed by the legislator and the criminal justice system at all stages of criminal policy, and these principles are not only fundamental to the policymaking of the Islamic legal system. Procedure is mandatory at all stages, including legalization, litigation, enforcement and afterwards, and can only be avoided if it is in conflict with public order

Ethical validity and ethics of biology is still one of the challenges of today's organizations because efficiency and effectiveness of these two factors are important so managers need to take it seriously so that they can divert employees from unethical practices by portraying useful ethics. And instead help them to do ethical duties. Based on this necessity, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between organizational ethical validity and biological ethics on ethical duties of employees with the mediating role of ethical utility of employees.

Research is applied in terms of purpose and correlation in terms of data collection. The statistical population includes employees of Payame Noor University of Khorramabad. The sample size was selected based on the appropriate class method and the table of Karajsi and Morgan 120 people. Research tools include ethical validity questionnaires, biological ethics, ethical assignments, and useful ethics, the validity of which was confirmed by relevant experts, and the reliability of the questionnaires based on Cronbach's alpha was 0.81, 0.79, and 0.78, respectively 0.89 was calculated. For data analysis, two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics of structural equations and SPSS, LISREL software were used.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between ethical validity of the organization and biological ethics with the mediating role of beneficial ethics on employees' ethical duties.

The results show that organizations through ethical credibility, rich biology ethics and beneficial ethics can increase employees' ethical duties and reduce immoral behaviors and organizational corruption.

Considering the necessity of studying the phenomenon of work-life balance and the individual initiatives of the employees of the organizations in order to achieve it, the present research pursues the goal of discovering and representing the cognitive strategies of work-life balance among the academic staff members of the university. Government agencies of Northeast Iran have tried to highlight the ethical themes hidden in the mentioned strategies.

In this research, the phenomenological research method was used because it helps to understand the lived experience of the participants. The studied population was those faculty members of Ferdowsi Universities of Mashhad and Birjand who had at least the academic rank of assistant professor with 5 years of work experience. The research sample is a part of the studied community that was selected with the purposeful sampling technique and finally after saturating the data and repeating the findings, the adequacy of its size was confirmed with the number of 16 participants. The tool of data collection was semi-structured interview and the method of data analysis was the Claizian content analysis method.

The data analysis showed that the cognitive strategies for re-creating work-life balance include 12 topics and include two individual macro strategies with the titles "frustration of role demands" and "ambivalent role accountability".

Instrumental organizational ethics has a direct effect on traumas of trust in individuals. The results of this study can help to achieve work-life balance through individual initiatives.

The evaluation of curricula shows that in educational systems, attention is paid only to the intellectual dimension of learners and other dimensions of existence, especially the spiritual and moral dimension, are neglected. The current research was conducted with the aim of providing a spiritual curriculum model based on ethics.

In terms of practical purpose, this research is exploratory mixed in terms of data, in terms of implementation method, foundation data and cross-sectional survey. The statistical population of the qualitative stage are experts in the field of education, 30 people were selected as a sample using a targeted snowball method. In the quantitative part, there were managers and supervisors of education, and 110 people were selected as a sample. and confirmatory factor analysis test was used.

In the qualitative part, three dimensions of spiritual awareness, moral sensitivity and moral discovery were identified as underlying dimensions. In the quantitative part, the AGFA, GFI, RMSEA, and Khido indicators all indicate that the dimensions identified in a homogeneous structure support the model structures of a concept called ethics-based curriculum.

The results showed that in curriculum design, things like; Spiritual awareness, moral sensitivity and moral exploration were considered as key moral factors.

New organizational structures have changed rapidly, and progressive ladders have become short and flat, so human resources in the organization have faced various threats, including the career plateau. Lack of attention to ethical criteria as a double factor in the management process can be one of the causes of career plateau. Therefore, the present study attempted to design and explain the career plateau model with emphasis on the role of ethical factors.

The research method was mixed. In the qualitative part, the Grounded Theory methodology was used. The statistical population consisted of 11 human resources experts (university professors, consultants, and senior managers) from Tehran University of Medical Sciences who were selected by snowball sampling. The data collection tool was in-depth and unstructured interviews. The coding method was used to analyze the data and obtain a conceptual research model. In the quantitative part, the method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population consisted of 338 operational managers and employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, who were selected by stratified random sampling proportional to the sample size. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Qualitative findings led to the identification of 13 main categories in the structure of the paradigm model. The category of employees' disappointment in job promotion was chosen as the central category and a model was designed and presented to describe the career plateau including causal conditions, background conditions, intervening factors, strategies, and its consequences. In the quantitative part, structural equation modeling analyses supported the suitability of the proposed model with the data.

The results indicate that the establishment of the system of meritocracy and merit selection, justice and fairness, dissemination of ethical context in the workplace, and the use of empowerment programs lead to the reduction of career plateau and ultimately increase productivity and effectiveness of the organization.

In order to reduce the adverse effects of unethical decision-making in the operations function of firms, this study was conducted to identify and determine the causal relationships governing ethical decision barriers in operations and supply chain management.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of data acquisition. The research population included the operational managers of manufacturing companies and 30 of them were selected by snowball sampling method. Questionnaire was used for data acquisition. After identifying the barriers to ethical decision-making in operations and supply chain management, and collecting expert opinions, data analysis and determining the relationships between them was done using MATLAB software and DEMATEL method.

in this research, among the six identified barriers (use of quantitative methods, a premium on information that is quantifiable, job insecurity, repetitive decision making, use of work groups or teams and operational priorities), Operational priorities is one of the most important and effective barriers to ethical decision and next one is repetitive decision making.

The results showed that the operational priority barrier is effective on other identified barriers. So, it is worthwhile for operational managers to consider ethics as an operational priority in operations management and operations strategy.

The issue of professional socialization is very important in accounting. Failure to transfer professional values to accounting students may harm both the profession and its students. Individuals must adapt to all the values and norms of their chosen profession. Studying different aspects of professional socialization and the factors that affect it can provide a basis for improving the profession. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between ethical orientation and professional socialization of accounting student.                 

The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population includes master's and doctoral students in accounting throughout the country. Accidental sampling method was used to select the statistical sample. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data. The extracted data from 284 questionnaires were analyzed using structural equations.

The results of the study confirm the significant relationship between ethical orientation and professional socialization. In other words, idealism is positively and significantly related to professional socialization, while the relationship between relativism and social socialization is negative and significant.

Due to the fact that students get acquainted with this profession through higher education system and ethical orientation has a significant relationship with the process of their socialization, so more effective educational interventions at the university level are necessary to improve and promote students' awareness of ethical issues and to pay attention to professional socialization.

Morality is a human experience that every person needs in his normal life to have moral virtue that he relies on. Ethics is a core tool or life skill that is an integral dimension of well-being. Moral well-being can lead to the reduction of conflicts and emotional divorce. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between moral well-being and the reduction of marital conflicts and emotional divorce.

The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of correlational data collection. The statistical population of all married students of Payam Noor Melair University is 200 people. The sample size was estimated to be 120 students based on the table of Karjesi and Morgan and the simple random method. Research tools include moral well-being questionnaire with reliability of 0.90, marital conflicts with reliability of 0.82, emotional divorce with reliability of 0.81, whose validity was approved by experts. Descriptive statistics (percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression) and SPSS software were used for data analysis.

The findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between moral well-being, conflicts and emotional divorce, and through moral well-being, 0.43% of marital conflicts and 0.41% of emotional divorce can be reduced.

In discussing the health of the family and its members, attention has always been paid to mental, physical, spiritual and social well-being, but less attention has been paid to moral well-being, so for the survival of the family and its health and the reduction of emotional divorce and conflicts. Couples should consider their moral well-being.

Teaching professional ethics in the ceramics branch requires using a standard system of integrating professional ethics components in the ceramics curriculum elements to determine the relationship between professional ethics and the curriculum components. The aim of the present study is a conceptual framework for integrating the elements of professional ethics in the ceramic’s curriculum.

The research approach is applied-qualitative study. The research population includes technical and professional curriculum planners and ceramic teachers. The statistical sample consisted of all ceramic curriculum planners and all ceramic teachers, of which 7 were curriculum planners and 17 were teachers, respectively, all of whom were used in this study. Data from resource analysis and sampling of the Delphi method were obtained in two stapes and analyzed by the Kendall test method.

This study's findings are the conceptual framework for integrating the components of professional ethics in the ceramic curriculum, which in the second Delphi round showed the Kendall agreement coefficient's values for the components of the framework above 0.7.  

The results showed that integrating professional ethics components in the ceramic curriculum elements has a conceptual framework. The resulting framework is agreed upon by the research sample group.

Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the development of any country. Entrepreneurship is seen as the driving force behind economic development and the identification of opportunities and the use of resources, and entrepreneurs are those who, by recognizing opportunities, ensure success in manufacturing, business, and services. However, it should be noted that the criterion for performing any activity in an acceptable manner is to observe the set of ethical principles. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparative study of the level of attention to business ethics among Iranian and UAE entrepreneurs.

The present study was descriptive / causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study was Iranian entrepreneurs in Iran and the UAE. Of these, 75 were selected by sampling. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods (one-way analysis of variance and Shafa test).

Data analysis showed that the level of attention to business ethics among Iranian entrepreneurs in the UAE is significantly higher than entrepreneurs living in Iran. However, comparing the level of business ethics among entrepreneurs living in the city with Tehran did not show a significant difference.

Undoubtedly, the prevailing political, economic and social structures, the banking system, the education system, the family and culture, the executive guarantee of laws and a competitive market are effective in influencing entrepreneurs' attention to business ethics.

Entrepreneurship as a pillar of the development process in society derives from a socio-cultural context and ethics as a dimension of culture has a vibrant role in entrepreneurship. Therefore, the present study was designed to identify the factors that influence ethical entrepreneurial intention.

A qualitative research approach was conducted using the data base method. The research population consisted of experts and experts who were thoroughly familiar with ethical entrepreneurship. Among them, 30 experts were selected by purposeful sampling and saturation principle. Data collection tools were semi-structured in-depth interviews and open, axial and selective coding and Atlas T software were used to analyze the data. 

The results of this study showed eight areas that influence on the intention of ethical entrepreneurship. These areas are: individual factors-personality, metacognition, networks and systems, self-efficacy of ethical business creation process, perceived desirability, understanding of macro environment, ethical entrepreneurship culture, entrepreneurial infrastructure and ethical entrepreneurship in society. Which was integrated into a native model.

The present study showed that 8 factors influence the intention of ethical entrepreneurship. The four categories (individual, meta-cognitive, systemic, and understanding of the macro environment) indirectly influence the two components of self-efficacy and perceived desirability of moral entrepreneurial intention. And two components (culture building and community infrastructure) directly influence the ethical entrepreneurial intention.

Nowadays, as organizations become more sophisticated and new attitudes toward the influence of unseen but effective factors on trust, ethics issues in the workplace are considered. The purpose of this study was to investigate the types of organizational Ethics and identify the organizational ethics that affect trauma of trust.

Research method was mixed. In qualitative section; Theme analysis and Delphi methods have been used. Statistical population was bank’s expert. The sample size included 11 people who were chosen purposefully and then interviewed by a semi-structured questionnaire. The correlational descriptive method was used for quantitative section. The statistical population consisted of bank’s staff and the sample was 384 people based on Morgan table, who were selected randomly. A researcher-made questionnaire was used.

According to the library studies, 16 indicators were identified for measuring the types of organizational ethics and 10 indicators for trust trauma, which were added by 3 indicators after interview with elites. Instrumental ethics with a standard coefficient of 0/5 has a positive and significant effect on trust trauma and other types of organizational ethics have a negative and significant effect on trust trauma.

Instrumental organizational ethics has a direct effect on traumas of trust in individuals. To counter this traumatic effect, organizations must develop core ethical values through regular training, effective communication, and a supportive environment, such as frameworks for shared decision-making and dialogue.

The development and complexity of business activity raises various ethical issues that challenge auditors' ethical judgments. Professional identity and ethical orientation are among the factors that influence auditors' ethical judgment. Because the professional identity makes the auditors' attitudes and behaviors consistent with their professional roles, it brings their more ethical judgments, but this relationship can be under the influence of moral orientation. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of professional identity on moral judgment and to investigate the mediating role of moral orientation.

The present research method is descriptive-survey of correlation type. The statistical population is auditors working in private sector auditing institutions and the statistical sample is 437 community members who were selected by random sampling. The research data was collected using a questionnaire and the research hypotheses were tested using structural equations with the help of AMOS software.

The research results show that professional identity, in addition to having a direct relationship with moral judgment, is indirectly related to auditors' moral judgment through idealism and relativism. Also, professional identity has a positive relationship with idealism and a negative relationship with relativism. Idealism and relativism have a positive and negative relationship with moral judgment, respectively.

Through the identification of the components of the professional identity of independent auditors, the findings of the research provide a better understanding of the factors that are related to their ethical judgments and provide a model to improve their ethical judgments according to the prevailing environment. It offers suggestions on the business of the country.

It is important for an entrepreneurial intuition to have a model. The effectiveness of such a model requires consideration of ethical considerations. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to provide a model for organizational entrepreneurship intentions with regard to ethical considerations in the National Bank of Iran.

This study is a qualitative, applied and survey research. The study population was divided into two groups: the first group, academic professors in the fields of government management, psychology and entrepreneurship and the second group, managers and directors of the National Bank of Iran. were chosen. The research tool was Delphi interview and questionnaire. Data were analyzed using fuzzy Delphi method.

According to the obtained data, 42 indicators with 7 dimensions were identified in the pattern of organizational entrepreneurship intuition. According to the findings, most of the experts agree with the ethical decision-making component, the feeling of trust in the lecturers, the mutual trust between the bank, the community and the industry, which shows the importance of ethical considerations.

The results of this study show that having entrepreneurial intuition can, in an entrepreneurial turn, change the existing situation, improve organizational entrepreneurship and create ethics based on professional ethics and enable employees. Build a comprehensive pathology of the management system, identify improvement plans and actions, and evaluate their position in the process of organizational maturity with ethical considerations

Research shows that people's moral and behavioral characteristics have an effect on their decisions and judgments. The purpose of the present research is firstly to expand the theoretical bases of judgment and decision-making of people in ethics texts and secondly to examine the relationship between moral anger and the auditor's impartiality.

The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research includes all auditors working in the auditing organization and private institutions that are members of the public accountant’s society, and 340 members of the society were selected as a statistical sample using a simple random sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and a multivariate regression test was used to analyze the data. 

The results of the present study show that moral outrage has a significant and positive relationship with auditor impartiality at the 95% confidence level. Also, gender and place of employment, respectively, have significant positive and negative relationships at the 95% confidence level with the impartiality of the auditor.

According to the findings of this research, people who have more moral anger have more independence and impartiality and make fair decisions and judgments. In this case, the policy makers of the auditing profession can formulate the ethical principles and rules as well as the necessary laws.

Nowadays, a new phenomenon is called information filtering in social networks. The purpose of this study is to answer the key question: Is there a relationship between the dimensions of media literacy and information filtering in cyberspace?

This is applied research and the research method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this study was high school students in Ilam and Dehloran. 332 students were selected by stratified random sampling method. Questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Pearson correlation coefficient) using SPSS software.

Data analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between media literacy and information filtering in cyberspace, and the relationship between ethical and cognitive dimensions with information filtering was more powerful than the aesthetic and sensory dimensions with information filtering.

The dimensions of media literacy are in an interactive and interconnected continuum that can guide information filtering in cyberspace. According to the study, the moral dimension is more than any other dimension of information filtering in cyberspace.

Considering the major role of textbooks in cognitive ability and increasing the level of reasoning and moral judgment of students, it is necessary to evaluate them based on the degree of reflection of the components of cognitive developmental moral education approach. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to determine the position of the components of the mentioned approach in the content of Persian textbooks.

The current research method is mixed, which was done with a combination of qualitative-comparative content analysis and quantitative content analysis methods. The statistical population was formed by the Persian textbooks of the first secondary school and the sample was the same statistical population. Therefore, all the contents of the mentioned books were studied in full number method. The content analysis checklist made by the researcher was used to collect the data and the Shannon entropy method was used to analyze the data.

Curriculum planners and authors, in compiling the content of the mentioned books, provided a suitable context and opportunity to create the spirit of correct judgment at developmental levels, handing over responsibility according to the level of teenagers' ability to understand and solve moral puzzles, and also to strengthen skills. They have not provided decision-making methods in the face of moral dilemmas in order to build values ​​by the learners themselves and achieve strong arguments using problem-solving methods.

The findings indicate a serious need to revise the content of the mentioned books based on the components of the cognitive development approach in order to cultivate the ability of moral cognition in teenagers and to improve the level of their reasoning and moral judgment through creating a situation. The issues are centered around moral dilemmas; Because the amount of attention to the components of the mentioned approach in the content of the mentioned books does not have a normal distribution.

Leaders have responsibilities, so they need ethics. People in leadership positions can be the source of many behavioral changes; And this is best achieved when these leaders also have high moral behavior. Therefore, the present study was formed with the aim of examining the characteristics of moral leadership and then extracting a conceptual model of the relationship between these characteristics.

The present study is exploratory and qualitative. The statistical population included a number of Iranian management professors in the city of Hamadan. From the target population, 11 people were selected as the sample using purposive sampling method. The interview tool was semi-structured and finally the data were analyzed by theme analysis.

After performing the theme analysis process, 124 sub-themes were identified. By categorizing and eliminating duplicates, 22 sub-themes were identified in the form of three main groups of components or characteristics of moral leadership under the title of characteristics of moral leader and behaviors of moral leader and the results of applying moral leadership. Were located.

The results of the present study showed that if the components of moral leadership, which is a set of characteristics and behaviors, are realized, the results such as reducing conflicts, increasing satisfaction, organizational excellence and meritocracy will be realized.

Materialism and metamaterialism are among the influential variables in the field of work ethics. The current research tries to study this relationship on the unethical judgment of auditors. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the relationship between materialism and meta-materialism with the auditor's unethical judgment.

The current research is descriptive of the correlation type. The statistical population of the study is auditors working in the audit organization and audit institutions, members of the public accountant’s community in 2021, and 129 auditors were selected as a statistical sample using a simple random sampling method. To collect data, a questionnaire was used and to analyze the data, the model of linear structural relations was used.

The results of the research show that materialism has a positive and significant relationship with auditors' unethical judgment, and metamaterialism has a negative and significant relationship with auditors' unethical judgment.

Based on the findings of this research, the two main duties of auditors are assurance and commenting on accounting information. Therefore, auditors' judgment can affect the interests of many users. Therefore, it is important to identify the ethical factors that can affect the auditor's judgment.

The importance of paying attention to the performance of employees in the light of emotional intelligence and moral intelligence can be the solution to management issues, with the understanding of this importance, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and moral intelligence with the performance of employees in the education organization of Fars province.

The descriptive research method is of the correlation type, the statistical population of the research includes all the personnel of the education and training organization of Fars province in the number of 500 people, using the simple random sampling method, 218 people were selected as a statistical sample, the method The estimation of sample size was Cochran's formula. The tool for collecting research data was the standard questionnaire of organizational performance, emotional intelligence and moral intelligence. Data analysis was done using structural equation model in SPSS18 and LISREL software.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between emotional intelligence and moral intelligence with employee performance.

As a result, emotional intelligence and moral intelligence can be used to develop employees' performance.

Today, the tourism industry is considered as one of the most important revenue-generating industries in the world. Destination brand image is one of the most basic tools of tourism industry managers and tourists determine the tourist destination based on their mental image of different places. Therefore, the present study decided to consider the role of ethics in the formation of the destination brand.

This research was applied and was among the descriptive-correlation studies. The statistical population included all domestic and foreign tourists who traveled to Lorestan province in the summer of 1998, of which 260 people were selected by random cluster sampling and collected data using a researcher-made questionnaire and using structural equations and the MICMAC method was analyzed.

5 categories including social, infrastructural, environmental, cultural and political factors were identified and categorized. Twelve important indicators were identified in this regard.

Based on the results of the research, it was determined that moral factors such as the level of well-being of the society, respect for others, religious beliefs, respect for other cultures, lack of ethnic-racial prejudices, protection of others, respect for the environment, credibility, stability and security, Individual and social freedoms, equality of rights, secure infrastructure play a role in shaping the image of the destination brand.