نشریه جامعه شناسی فرهنگ و هنر
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پاییز 1401)

The process of identity construction has been of high interest to modern critical approaches in the human sciences in general and sociological and psychoanalytical approach in particular. The present paper seeks to explore the subjectivity formation and identity construction process in the characters of William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury in terms of Lacanian structuralist paradigm. Versatile theoretical standpoints concerning the definition and mechanism of the unconscious have caused different readings of the subject. The theoretical framework of the present study focuses on the critical concepts of psychoanalysis including the unconscious and identity formation in both Freud and Lacan. Also, the Lacanian concept of subjecthood in the social milieu of the subject constitutes another theoretical framework of the present paper. The study demonstrates how the parents’ behavior and attitudes towards the children in Compson family shapes the latter’s subjectivity and their ultimate state of Identity. The employment of the psychoanalytical concepts of the repressed desire, the structure of the unconscious, linguistic alienation, the name of the father and the signifiers of the lingual system fully indicates the central role and inevitable impact of both the Symbolic and the social milieu in the emergence of subjectivity. The subjectivity construction of the major characters in William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury is processed in and by the socio-cultural context in which they were brought up, and is represented in their unconscious desires and tangible manners.

Religion is supposed to play its role as a unifying factor, while religious beliefs sometimes lead to anti-social and destructive behaviors. The present study examines the social conflicts based on religion in the last half century in Kurdistan province and studies the role of religion in weakening or intensifying social conflicts. Emile Durkheim, Merton and Passons give religion a role of cohesion and consider the function of religion to protect society. On the other hand, Marxists believe that religion not only does not eliminate social contradictions, but also aggravates them. The current research has used the constructivism approach and library historical methods, oral history and ethnography and has studied the lived experiences of the society based on existing theories with documentary tools such as books, newspapers and interviews with knowledgeable people. According to the findings, conflicts in Kurdistan were sometimes between individuals, sometimes between sects, religious or secular groups. Sometimes these contradictions are intellectually and sometimes physically and coercive forces are strengthened or weakened in the long or short term. The results indicate that in the researched society, religion affects social conflicts in seven ways. Among them, in one case, religion reflects the conflict, in three cases, it destroys, covers and weakens it, and in the other three cases, it is the origin, strengthening and continuation of the conflicts.

Body is always a connector between human and his/her experiences of world and also it is an individualizer agent in social life. The experience of Embodiment cannot happen freely without social issues interfere, power relations and discourses, especially in case of young adults it is happen easily because of his/her social understanding of social world is at first stage and it is mixed with sets of power relations such as family, school, peers and impacted by economic, cultural age and gender issues.In this study, based on sociology of body, especially in the viewpoint of Focault about the role of power and discourses an construction of body, two realistic novel of Abbas Jahangirian Analyzed (Monster Shadow, Wake me Up When the War is over). Main concentration of this study is on main women subject and their gender representation in this novel.The methodology is a qualitative research with inductive data analysis. For this reason, social semiotics approach that analyze social and texture signs in interaction with each other has been used. Signs in three category of bodily signs, linguistic signs and normalization signs analyzed. The results of this study show that these signs in both superstructure and infrastructure of novel, impacted and shaped by gender discourse and show a kind of feminine non subjectivity, body subordination along with inactivity of women.

The cover of the textbooks has been designed and written as the first communication medium between educational content and the audience of children with the aim of socialization of the next generation. A systematic review of book covers, as an interdisciplinary subject in the field of social sciences in general and in sociology, cultural studies, and also with a gender approach in the study of women in particular, New angles of power relations, roles reveals new perspectives on power relations, gender roles, and gender relations.This study was conducted to gender study of communication patterns between human characters by social semiotics approach. Regarding Representative, interactive and combined meaning 13 images from the total images on the cover were analyzed. The selection of these images has been done by studying all the images and taking into account the image which contains human personality.Findings show that gender segregation and maximum coverage –Hijab- of girls are the main features of the images on the cover. Images can be defined due to the gender stereotypes of the social roles of women and men. The highlighting on famous male historical figures, the emphasis on the maternal role of women, and the ignorance of their roles in the public sphere, along with the smaller number of female characters than men, have generally resulted in bias. As a result, cover images promote gender stereotypes in communicating and engaging audiences, socializing and motivating them.

Nowadays, the problem of energy wastage is one of the most critical environmental challenges. According to research, household energy consumption in Iran is higher than the global average. Many researchers have only focused on the culture of consumers in residential units, While many times, the physical condition of the building leads to energy wastage. The physical condition of the building was created by the builders, engineers, and other factors (construction activists) before the settlement. The approach of this qualitative research was carried out with the grounded theory strategy. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with construction activists until researchers reach theoretical saturation. Based on this, open, axial coding was done, and the core category was extracted from it. First, based on the relevant codes, the bases and conditions of neglecting building energy were divided into three parts: cognitive norms, material culture, and energy practices, along with their obstacles and facilitators. The research findings, focusing on the individual and organizational level, show that the level of knowledge and attitude of the activists has weakened the cognitive norms. This issue is especially noticeable in the lower areas of the city. Also, construction costs and customs have the highest effect on the type of activists' material culture. Energy procedures and material culture in the upper parts of Tehran have the most excellent facilitation in the energy culture of construction, and cognitive norms and material culture in the lower part of the city have less effect on the optimal energy culture of construction. Sanctions have led to the pressure of the trim to a medium level, and indifference to the energy consumption of the building has been achieved.

The aim of this study is to analyze the critical discourse of how celebrities are represented in the 20:30 news program. IRIB is the main national media for promoting and consolidating the official discourse. Celebrities often come into conflict with the official discourse due to activities such as political comment, charity, and lifestyle. 20:30 News, as one of the IRIB programs, has covered these conflicts in various reports and has represented the actions of many celebrities. In representation underlayers, this program has repeatedly tried to define "celebrity", which in some scientific respects, as the subject of this research, is contradictory.In this study, three 20:30 news reports were analyzed based on the Fairclough discourse analysis method at three levels description, interpretation, and explanation. The results show that the 20:30 reports, while having no fixed definition of celebrity, offer more different definitions of them ideologically, at different times; They often sought a "constructivist" representation. The purpose of this news program is to strengthen the current discourse and deepen its polarization of "us" (proponents) and "others" (opponents). Given the division of two readings of celebrities, the 20:30 reading should be considered a "functional" reading rather than a "critical" reading. One of the main consequences of this reading is the increase in attention and fame of some celebrities who, according to scientific definitions, do not fall into the category of "celebrity" and therefore, many negative effects and consequences can be imagined with cultural, social and even political influence

In recent decades, Feminism and Women's Studies in various fields have become very prominent to show the exclusion of women. But this marginalized men's studies. This problem also exists with the study and analysis of male cinematic characters. Various studies have analyzed the representation of women in cinema and art, but few studies have analyzed the male personality.The theoretical approach in this research is based on Jean Shinoda Bolen's Archetypal theory. The movie "Sholevar" has also been analyzed as a case by Fiske semiotic method. "Sholevar" as a case study of this research, has many scientific advantages. This film is character-driven; And has a central character that the audience follows almost all the stories with his mentality throughout the film. The narrator also helps by presenting the inner monologues of the characters.The results of research and analysis of the film sequences show that the closest male archetype to the main character of the film - Farid - is "Poseidon". The most important commonalities between Farid and Poseidon are: emotional spirit, overt and covert anger, bad temper, resentment and revenge, self-righteousness and violation of the rights of others, anomaly, self-confidence and at the same time being ignored, preferring emotion to logic in Reactions, interest in natural elements, etc.

Considering the importance of the temperament genre in Iranian culture, in this research, the representation of the ethical behaviors of Iranians in these works has been examined and criticized. temperament genre with the aim of surveying and cataloging the cultural and ethical characteristics of Iranians is one of the special types of social writings that has a long life and is at least equal to the emergence of academic sociology in the country. The book "Az Maast Ke Bar Maast" by Reza Bahrampour is the sample studied in this research. To review and criticize the representation of ethical behavior of Iranians in this work, the method of critical discourse analysis based on Van Dijk's model has been used. The results showed that the the temperament genre use many ideological strategies to depict the moral behavior of Iranians. Rather than investigating and describing the cultural and ethical behaviors of Iranians, this discourse is constructing these behaviors. In this way, by directing the behavior of Iranians, it leads them to morally objectionable behaviors; According to Bahrampour's representation in this book, the ethical behaviors of Iranians are three times more than the moral behavior they like. In fact, the temperament genre makes this possibility available to Iranians to interpret their actions towards non-Iranians. Therefore, these works tell Iranians that they are inherently immoral and, on the other hand, Westerners are inherently moral people.

Leisure times is one of pathological scopes in our society. Since the population of our community is young and probable harms of deviant leisure among youth, it is important to address the youth's leisure experiences significantly. Deviant leisure is defined as leisure activities that are contrary to the ethical and legal norms of community. This study was carried out aimed to examine the effect of differential association on deviant leisure. The research method is survey and questionnaire was used as data collection tool. The population of this study includes all young people aged 18-35 in Babolsar. 400 persons were selected using multistage clustering sampling method. Results don’t present significant relation between gender and deviant leisure. But single has deviant behavior more than married persons. According to the results of Pearson correlation test, there is a significant relationship between differential association (Priority, Duration, Frequency, and Intensity) and the deviant leisure (Obvious, Latent). Therefore, having intimate and continuous relationship with people with deviant leisure leads the adolescents strongly to deviant leisure. According to the research theoretical model test, which was done by structural equation modeling, it is identified that effect of Differential association on deviant leisure was positive(Beta= 0.60). Also it was concluded that the variables of the differential association structure were able to explain 0.36 of the changes of the dependent variable (deviant leisure and dimensions). It means that social situations specially relations with friends affect pathological actions of youths.

AbstractThis research has been done with the aim of constructing the sociological analysis of the bureaucratic system affecting the culture of job alienation in the Iranian administrative system from Weber's point of view, which is applied in terms of qualitative method particularly Strauss (GTM). Using snowball sampling, deep interview has been done with 15 employees working in the administrative offices. Theoretically, using in-depth interviews, they were examined from their perspective and the data obtained from this research were obtained during three coding steps: (open-axis and selective) (5 main themes and 15 sub-themes), all of which It shows that the culture of job alienation in the Iranian administrative system in: causal factors including: alienation, lack of motivation, injustice, inexperience and lack of culture. Underlying factors include: social, cultural, economic, political factors. Interventional factors include: fluctuations and changes. Strategies include: motivational strategies, specialization, mental health research. And the consequences include: hatred, disgust, depression, alienation, and the creation and acceptance of a culture of job alienation. This indicates that several factors play a role in the culture of job alienation in the Iranian administrative system and identifying them in organizations in the administrative sector makes it possible to develop preventive measures to prevent job alienation.