مجله جامعه شناسی نهادهای اجتماعی
پیاپی 19 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

In any society, young people are the most important asset of the society. The increasing tendency to commit crime among the young people is eroding the human and social capital of the society, increasing the feeling of insecurity, and degrading the development indicators at various levels. The tendency to commit crime among the young people is influenced by many factors, including the role of social anomie, psychological capital, and cultural capital. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of variables of psychological capital, cultural capital, and social anomie on crime tendency of the young people aged 18 to 29 in Ahvaz City. In terms of purpose, the research method is applied and in terms of data collection, it is a survey. In the present study, a simple random sampling method was used. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population of the present study included 262313 people aged 18 to 29 years old in Ahvaz City, of which 383 people were selected as the sample size using Cochran's formula. The descriptive results of the study showed that the tendency to commit crime among the youth of Ahvaz is moderate to low. The results of the present study showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables of psychological capital, cultural capital, social anomie, and the tendency to commit crime. According to the results of regression analysis, 21% of the variables of the tendency to commit crime were affected by the structure of cultural capital and the optimism dimension of the psychological structure.

The evolution of women's religiosity in different generations is the main issue of this study. The methodological, qualitative research approach in this study was narrative analysis and data collection was done using narrative interview with participants selected through snowball sampling. Forty women of two generations (mothers born in the 1960s and 1970s and girls born in the 1980s) were selected for the interview. A comparative study of religiosity developments between the mothers and daughters showed that the girls, for reasons such as attending university, improving literacy and education, strengthening the spirit of questioning and criticism, have experienced the transformation of religiosity and have criticized and rethought their religiosity, so that they have discarded an important part of the religious beliefs and practices that were performed easily and without any question in the past. In contrast, the mothers had little rethinking of their religiosity, as they had different social experiences and living worlds, and for some reason, were not able to attend college. As a result, their religious developments were not as dramatic and comprehensive as those of the girls.

The family, like other social institutions, may experience many problems over time. One of the issues related to this institution is the phenomenon of "work-family conflict". Due to the existence of a suitable background, the main purpose of this study is to review and critique the studies done in the country focusing on this issue. For this purpose, relying on a systematic review method, 20 scientific-research articles published in the period of 2010-2011 were selected from two databases. The results of the research after reviewing the articles on the two axis of methodology showed that most of the researches emphasized the role of social factors at the micro and middle levels as factors affecting this phenomenon. Other results showed that the studies have suffered from inattention to the type of jobs and their mechanism of action, repeated previous indicators and obvious inattention to the use of combined and qualitative approaches in the study of this issue. However, achieving some of the most important causes and factors affecting the creation and continuation of this phenomenon can help those experts in the field of employment and family in planning and adopting optimal policies to solve this issue

The present study investigates the contexts and processes of media literacy model formation for high school students.

This research employed the qualitative method of grounded theory. The sampling method was theoretical and purposeful through which 21 teachers and education activists were selected for in-depth interviews. The theoretical sampling process continued until the data reached saturation. The collected data were transcribed and analyzed using open, axial and selective coding. Line by line analysis was used at the open coding stage, followed by concepts development and abstract representation at the axial and selective coding stages.

Based on the findings, the construct of “education-oriented media literacy” was selected as the final core category, and based on the paradigm model, "taste of reality" was considered as a concept that students would understand after gaining the media knowledge. The taste of reality reveals itself to the students as the consequence of the whole process of learning media literacy. This result is achieved by applying the media knowledge to understand the facts underlying the media data. The taste of reality is mainly constructed as the result of factors such as employing qualified teachers, teaching media literacy in schools, forming participation-oriented classes in the new geometric space, and updating the content of the media literacy courses as well as a set of contextual intervening factors. In addition to creating tastes of reality, the education system helps the students understand the existing reality more easily by employing strategies, such as the use of up-to-date methods in teaching the media literacy, directing the lives of the student networks, and controlling and monitoring the discourse over the media. The outcome of applying the above strategies for the media literacy education system and understanding the reality will be the formation of a critical thinking and a critical view among the students towards the media and various information in them.

Media literacy is the result of the interaction between thr higher management and policy levels, middle executive levels and lower individual levels. These three levels interact with each other continuously in a system to shape the education-oriented media literacy. The end result of interaction within the system is the construction of education-oriented media literacy, and the overall outcome and feedback, which indicates the proper and positive functioning of the system, delicately reveals its taste of social reality to the students.

Mazandaran, as one of the main populated centers in Iran and the historical center of Baha’ism, has received special attention by Baha'i leaders. As the main beholder of the Baha'i's history, and their leaders’ and followers’ identity, Mazandaran was considered a sacred land for them. Education centers, e.g., schools, were their priorities in Mazandaran. Longer schooling period in Mazandaran was one of the distinguishing factors compared to other Baha'i schools in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the Baha'i schooling conditions in the current history. The data were analyzed through historical description, and the findings indicated that Baha'is in Sari, Babol, Qaemshahr, and Bahnamir had more active schools. Some people in the society welcomed such schoolings at that period of time while others looked into the schooling systems critically and sometimes opposed to policymaking regarding the practice of Baha'is’ religious ceremony in their schools

The stepfamily is more complex than the families resulting from the first marriage due to its different structure. One of the important dimensions of this type of family which affects the relationship between the couples, the step-parent and the step-child and the family structure in general, is the control of monetary and financial issues. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate how financial resources are managed in stepchildren. The research method is qualitative and takes the grounded theory approach. Fifteen men living in Isfahan who had the experience of remarriage after divorce and living in a family with stepchildren were purposefully selected by theoretical sampling. Research data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using open, axial and selective coding. The results showed that men, due to factors such as imposed financial expectations, checking the allocation of financial resources, inadequate financial support, exercising women's power, etc., had a kind of fear that they believed had damaged the traditional family structure and authority and the centrality of the decision was taken away from them. Meanwhile, women, in particular, competed with men by gaining economic capital and intensifying the competitive environment of the family through powerful financial management methods. Although the strategies adopted led to expedient agreements between the couples, since the control of monetary issues arises from the existence of stepchildren, the competition for economic power in stepchildren seems to be constant, leading to the polarization of the family environment.

New social media have created a new arena where memories are no longer just consumed, but produced creatively in a participatory way. In the current research, by studying the Telegram group belonging to ex-combatants of one of the brigades of the 10th Seyed-al-Shohada Division in Tehran, it was tried to answer the following question:1.What narrative patterns or schemas are the manifestations of the collective memories of the war configured in this new arena? 2.To what extent are these patterns different from the schemas that formulate the official form of the collective memory of the war? 3.In fact, to what extent does this new ecology of the war memory have the capacity to become an arena for promoting alternative memory?

In this study, using the method of virtual ethnography, it has been described that how the collective memory of the war is structured among the members of the Telegram group, and by using the thematic analysis technique, the cognitive schemas that form the semantic and interpretive frameworks of remembering the important events of the war have been patterned.

During the coding process, in the first stage, 404 descriptive categories, in the second stage, 27 interpretive categories, and finally, among them, 4 comprehensive categories were obtained, including the "construction of meaning in people's memory", "memory sites", "search for meaning" and "memory and identity".

The results showed that the possibility of using dynamic platforms such as Telegram has extended the memory capacity and performance of the ex-combatants and it has created a new arena for configuring, aggregating and promoting alternative narratives and competing with the official frameworks of war memory.

The objective of this article is to identify the factors related to social resilience in the conditions of the outbreak of Covid-19 and determine the direct and indirect effects of the mentioned factors on the level of social resilience among the citizens of Hamaden. The dependent variable in this study is the level of social resilience and the independent variables are factors such as awareness, attitude, social capital, access to resources, etc. Research

The research method is causal-correlational, and the data collection method is field research (survey research). The participants were selected through a multi-stage cluster random sampling and the data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with reliability and validity. The statistical population included all citizens over 18 years old in Hamedan City, among whom 382 individuals were selected as the statistical sample using Cochran's formula.

The results of Pearson's correlation test showed that the variables of awareness, attitude, social capital, job security, social and economic base and people's age had a positive and significant relationship with social resilience. However, resilience did not show a significant difference between men and women. The results of multivariable regression showed that about 28% of the change in the variance of the social resilience variable in Hamedan City was caused by the changes in the independent variables.

The results showed that the resilience of the citizens of Hamedan was at a low level. In addition, the variable of social capital was found to be the most important effective variable in the level of social resilience in the results of path analysis.

Sociologists have long regarded "religion" as an important factor in providing and maintaining the social cohesion of societies, and had proposed arguments for rationalization of this relationship. In contrast, some recent theorists of secularization in the social sciences have argued that one of the most important consequences of modernization and development on the religious life of the societies today is that it has sharply weakened the link between religion and social cohesion to the extent that social cohesion is no longer dependent on the religion and religiosity of the community members. In the present study, the arguments of these two competing theoretical views in sociology were first translated into two conflicting hypotheses about how religion is related to social cohesion. Then, an attempt was made to experimentally test the validity of these hypotheses using an inter-country comparative method in Iran by analyzing the "province" and using the collective data of the second half of the 2021s. The results of this test, on the one hand, provided empirical support for the traditional hypothesis in sociology claiming that religion reinforces social cohesion. On the other hand, the research findings did not provide any empirical support for predicting the empirical secularization theories. Overall, the findings of the empirical test of the hypotheses of this study in Iran, using an inter-country comparative method and an inter-provincial analysis, showed that religion is an important factor in strengthening the social cohesion even when the effects of development are controlled and eliminated

By increased divorce rates, remarriage has become a more common phenomenon for individuals and families in recent decades. This type of marriage have many challenges for couples, especially for women. Our purpose was to understand the context and experiences of remmariage by remarried divorced women, how and why they decided to remmary and what meaning it had for them.

The participants included 26 women who experienced divorce and then remarried in different ages and with different education levels and occupation types. The participants were selected by purposive and snowball sampling method. The research data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed and analysed through grounded theory coding.

Women participating in the study had a realistic adjustment to remarriage. The intrviews were clusterd under 6 main categories, including the important role of children, the improvement of life quality, retrivenent life, social-normal strains, needs and weekness, and runaway. Trying for life construction emerged as the core category.

Remarriage was a crucial decision for the participant women. They experienced many paradoxes in making decion for remarriage. Trying for making a new life was the centeral category for all participants. They strongly hoped to make a better life. Remarriage was a retrieve of life for themselves and their children.

The current research was carried out with the aim of designing a higher education model using the approaches of internationalization and validation. Research

The participants of this study included 20 experts, professors and researchers in the field of higher education, who were selected through purposeful sampling and then interviewed in a semi-structured way. The data was coded with the help of MAXQDAv2020 Software, and to validate the research model, Strauss and Corbin’s acceptability indicators were used. Members’ observation and researchers’ self-review were used as the research tool.

According to the findings, the most important institutions influencing the internationalization of higher education included macro policy-making institutions, intermediary institutions for policy implementation, executive institutions, executive policy-making institutions, and programmatic policy-making institutions. Also, the most important functions of these institutions in the internationalization of the higher education were the functions of policy making, regulation, facilitation and service provision.

According to the results, in addition to the structure within the universities and higher education, the institutions and the entire environment outside the university were also involved in the direction of internationalization. Therefore, internationalization will occur when the institution of the university along with the whole country and the system move towards internationalization with serious determination and will, policy, program, document, law and vision. Moreover, the role, function, and relationship of each of these institutions should be determined so that the right step can be taken in this direction