مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال سی و سوم شماره 4 (تیر 1401)

Diabetes has been the most common metabolic disorder in recent decades. Oxidative stress and its related factors play an important role in the onset and complications of diabetes. In this study, glutathione peroxidase activity and oxidative stress indices in serum of type 2 diabetes patients and their correlation with blood glucose and lipid parameters were evaluated.

This is a case-control study. 50 healthy people (24 men and 26 women) and 50 diabetic people (25 men and 25 women) were randomly selected. Following a 12-hour fasting condition, the blood samples were taken and the sera were isolated. Fasting blood sugar, lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant status, and glutathione peroxidase activity were measured by relevant protocols. All information was analyzed using SPSS software version 16. A significance level of p ≤0.05 was considered.

Serum glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant status in the patient group had a significant decrease in comparison with the control group. Serum levels of malondialdehyde, FBS, TG, VLDL-C, and HbA1c increased significantly in the patient group than in the control group. Statistical analysis showed a significant and direct correlation between glutathione peroxidase activity and TAC and HDL-C levels, and a significant and inverse correlation between glutathione peroxidase activity and serum MDA, HbA1C, and FBS levels. It was also shown that there was a significant and direct correlation between MDA serum concentration and levels of HbA1C, TG, FBS, and VLDL-C. However, there was a significant and inverse correlation between serum TAC concentration and HbA1C, TG, FBS, TC, and VLDL-C levels.

Oxidative stress is a major contributor in the development of diabetes and its complications, so that the decrease in the level of antioxidative factors and the increase in the level of oxidants are closely related to the metabolic disorder of carbohydrates and lipids.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disease with a prevalence of 1 in 1000 people. The consequence of this disease is enlargement and deformity of the kidneys, which causes disruption of blood circulation and destruction of the parenchyma, and finally, impaired kidney function. Kidney failure is seen in 50% of the patients which makes the need of kidney transplantation in these patients. The aim of present study was to determine the graft survival rate in kidney transplantation of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidneys.

In this retrospective cohort study, 149 ADPKD patients who underwent kidney transplantation at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Iran, between 1998 and 2016 were included in the study. Patients were evaluated for graft survival at intervals of one, six, twelve, twenty-four, thirty-six, forty-eight, and sixty months after transplantation and the causes of patient mortality and the risk factors of transplant rejection were investigated. Kaplan-Meier test was used to check graft survival and cox regression model was used to check rejection (hazard ratio) in the patients.

Totally 149 patients (60.7% male and 38.3% female) with a mean age of 47.42 ±10.19 years were included. The rate of graft survival in men and women was respectively 98% and 97% in the first month, 90% and 97% in the sixth month, 87% and 93% in the twelfth month, 87% and 90% in the twenty-fourth month, 87% and 83% in the thirty-sixth month, 83% and 83% in the 48th month, and 78% and 80% in the 60th month. The mean overall graft survival was 52.96 months, 54.187 months in men, and 51.05 months in women, and this difference was significant (P=0.001). Also, evaluation of the risk of rejection (hazard ratio) showed that only the recipient's BMI had a significant relationship with the risk of transplant rejection. (OR=1.68, CI95% (1.34-4.22), P=0.001).

Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the 1-month, 6-month, 12-month, 24-month, 36-month, 48-month, and 60-month graft survival rate in ADPKD patients undergoing kidney transplantation in Hospital was appropriate, but it was a little low compared to the survival rate in previous years and most of the other centers. Although differences such as study design and environment are inevitable, but the results of this study can provide essential evidence for revising treatment strategies. Also, the recipient's body mass index has an effect on the probability of transplant rejection, and by considering this factor, it is possible to help increase the survival rate of kidney transplants in these patients.

Endurance training effectively reduces growth hormone levels in obese children and adolescents more than resistance training. However, the effects of these exercises on non-obese children and teenagers are in an aura of ambiguity. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effects of endurance training on growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 in children and adolescents in the form of a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The current study is a systematic review and meta-analysis (based on the PRISMA statement). Articles published till the beginning of 2022 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus), Scopus, Mag Iran and SID databases. Search strategy was done with the help of Boolean operators with the keywords (young people or children or adolescents or teenagers or boys or girls or minors) and (hormone or growth hormone or insulin-like growth factor-1 or endocrine glands or cytokine) and (exercise or training) and (endurance or resistance).

The results of this meta-analysis showed that endurance exercise training is not associated with a significant increase in the amount of growth hormone at the end of the study compared to the beginning of the study (Means difference: 48 ng/ml, (0.02-0.99: CI95%, I2=0%, P=0.06). Also, the results of the meta-analysis in the other part of the results indicated that endurance exercise does not lead to a significant change in insulin-like growth factor-1 at the end of the study compared to the beginning of the study (The difference in means was 22.90 ng/ml, (2.12-47.92: CI95%, I=0%, P=0.92).

Endurance training has no effect on growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in non-diseased children and adolescents.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is defined as a plasma cell dyscrasia, accounting for approximately 10% of all hematologic malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate renal failure occurrence in MM patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, the files of patients with multiple myeloma were examined from March 2015 to March 2020. Also, the underlying diseases involved in the occurrence of kidney failure along with related risk factors such as hypercalcemia and infection were also investigated. Finally, the study data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.

According to the obtained results, the frequency of renal failure in the patients was 42.2%. The mean age of patients was 63.7±13.10 years, with a higher rate among men. Based on paraclinical assessments, the mean serum hemoglobin level (Hb) was significantly lower in patients with renal failure (P = 0.001). Also, the amount of hypercalcemia was significantly higher in the people with kidney failure (p<0.001). Hypertension was also seen significantly more in the patients with kidney failure as an important risk factor (p=0.01). Pathological fractures in the spine and skull bones were mainly observed in these patients. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection, serum levels of gamma globulin, albumin, and plasma cells between patients with and without renal insufficiency.

The results of this study showed that the prevalence of renal failure was higher in the patients with multiple myeloma, and as a result, it can be considered as one of the important tissue-damaging factors with a poor prognosis. Hypertension, anemia, and hypercalcemia were important prognostic factors in the occurrence of this complication.

Patellofemoral pain (PfP) is a prevalent disorder and a rehabilitation program to manage or treat it is important. The effectiveness of feedback methods in combination with exercise may be more useful in the treatment or management of PfP compared to exercise alone.

Search with related keywords was done in all years and in PEDRO, PubMed, Google Scholar, Noormags, Magiran, and sid databases. Studies that investigated the effect of feedback types on pain, alignment of the lower limb, and activation of the vastus medialis muscle in people with PfP were included in the study. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of selected articles.

51 peer-reviewed articles were studied, and from them seven studies with inclusion criteria (score higher than 5 on the Pedro scale) were selected for review. There were some differences in the studies included the types of feedback, the main index being evaluated, the number of samples, the method of implementation, the method of evaluating the variables, etc. In people with PfP, performing exercise therapy along with feedback has significantly improved the variables of pain, lower limb alignment, and Vastus medialis (VMO) muscle activity as compared to exercise therapy without feedback.

These findings show that feedback is a beneficial addition to a rehabilitation program for the patients with PfP. Such a program will aid in preventing further injuries and maintaining proper function along with strength. Also, these results are consistent in the people with dynamic knee valgus condition.

Since chlamydia trachomatis causes chronic infection of female urinary-genital tracts, it may play an effective role in in the occurrence of recurrent miscarriages. This study aims to determine the serum level of antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis in women with recurrent miscarriages.

The present study is descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional. 76 patients diagnosed with recurrent miscarriages referred to the perinatology clinic of Shahid Motahari Hospital in Urmia, Iran were included in the study. The data was collected using a researcher-made checklist which its validity was approved by the women's group's professors and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.88. Chi-square test was used for analysis of qualitative and independent t-test for analysis quantitative variables. Data analysis was done using SPSS20 software. The significance level was considered less than 0.05.

All 76 patients had positive values for IgG and IgM, and 89.48% of them had positive values of IgA antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis. There was no significant relationship between the number of abortions, duration of the marriage, gestational age, use of contraceptive pills, and the serum level of antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis (P>0.05). IgA against this organism in the women with a previous history of successful pregnancy was significantly higher than the women without it (P=0.01).

The positivity of all patients with a history of recurrent miscarriage in terms of serum IgG and IgM levels as well as their predominant positivity in terms of IgA indicates the impact of this infection on the abortion process in the patients.

Prostate cancer is the fifth most common cancers in men and the second most common cancer in terms of standardized age incidence (ASR 16.6) in Iranian population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of rs2107301 and rs198977 polymorphisms with susceptibility to prostate adenocarcinoma in Iranian population to use them as screening factors.

In this case-control study, a total of 178 people were studied in two groups of people with prostate cancer as case group and people without prostate cancer as control group. Tetra Primer ARMS PCR method was used to determine the genotype of each participant. By using SPSS v.25 software, statistical analyzes such as calculating the frequency of genotypes and examining the Hardy-Weirenberg equilibrium in two groups of cases and controls, examining the relationship between genotype and phenotype with a significant level (P-value < 0.05), evaluating dominant, recessive, incremental, and multiplicative models, and calculation of odds ratio and CI95% were calculated with logistic regression.

There was no statistically significant difference between the genotypic distribution of rs2107301 (P-value = 0.521) and rs198977 (P-value = 0.181) in the case and control groups. However, we can use rs2107301 in the group with prostate adenocarcinoma to distinguish between positive and negative preneural Invasion forms.

The analyzes performed on rs2107301 and rs198977 polymorphisms for adenocarcinoma group in comparison with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) showed that these two polymorphisms are not associated with prostate cancer.

Diabetes is related to dysfunction and damage of various organs, especially blood vessels, nerves, and heart. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gait training on ankle joint co-contraction in diabetic patients with without neuropathy.

The method of the present study was quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the present study included 24 people who were randomly and equally divided into experimental and control groups, 12 in each. The experimental group performed walking exercises for 8 weeks and the control group did not do any activity during this period. To calculate the general and directed co-contraction, first the electromyography activity of the Gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles was recorded by an 8-channel electromyography device (Bio System, UK) with a surface electrode. Biometrics Data LITE software and a filter pass between 10 and 450 Hz was used to record. To normalize the electromyography signals, the root mean square (RMS) information of each muscle was divided by the maximum isometric maximum co-contraction of that muscle to normalize the data and then multiplied by one hundred. Then, the data of the two groups were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance using SPSS software version 24.

The results showed that the general co-contraction during the loading phase in the experimental group in the post-test phase increased significantly compared to the pre-test. There was a significant decrease in the experimental group compared to the pre-test group in mean directed co-contraction during loading phase (p = 0.001), support (p <0.001), toe off (p = 0.008) and swing (p = 0.001) and was close to zero.

The results of the present study showed that gait Trainings are effective on general and directional ankle joint co-contraction in diabetic patients without neuropathy, and increased co-contraction in the ankle joint, which can have beneficial effects on joint stability during walking.