مجله آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت ایران
سال دهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 40، زمستان 1401)

Healthy ageing is beyond the presence or absence of disease, and is affected by a variety of factors. The aims of present study was to determine the rate of healthy aging in the older adults of Amol and to predict it based on individual, psychological and social factors.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 378 elderly people aged 60-74 years who refer to urban comprehensive health service centers in Amol city in 2020 were studied by simple random sampling. For data collection, demographic questionnaire, healthy ageing instrument, health self rating, ego integrity scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale and participation in leisure activities questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 26.

The mean total score of healthy ageing was 137.3±15.7 and 74.3% of the samples were at the high level of healthy old ageing. Among the various factors, participation in leisure activities was 79.6% of the samples at the average level and the lowest participation was related to the cultural activities dimension. The results indicate that the rate of participation in leisure activities, self-esteem and gender were predictors of healthy aging, respectively (P<0.05).

Participation in leisure activities, self-esteem and gender are effective components of healthy aging. Therefore, educating the older adults and encouraging them to participate in leisure activities, especially cultural activities, as well as developing and implementing programs to increase the self-esteem of the older adults can help promote healthy ageing.

Healthy ageing is beyond the presence or absence of disease, and is affected by a variety of factors. The aims of present study was to determine the rate of healthy aging in the older adults of Amol and to predict it based on individual, psychological and social factors.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 378 elderly people aged 60-74 years who refer to urban comprehensive health service centers in Amol city in 2020 were studied by simple random sampling. For data collection, demographic questionnaire, healthy ageing instrument, health self rating, ego integrity scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale and participation in leisure activities questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 26.

The mean total score of healthy ageing was 137.3±15.7 and 74.3% of the samples were at the high level of healthy old ageing. Among the various factors, participation in leisure activities was 79.6% of the samples at the average level and the lowest participation was related to the cultural activities dimension. The results indicate that the rate of participation in leisure activities, self-esteem and gender were predictors of healthy aging, respectively (P<0.05).

Participation in leisure activities, self-esteem and gender are effective components of healthy aging. Therefore, educating the older adults and encouraging them to participate in leisure activities, especially cultural activities, as well as developing and implementing programs to increase the self-esteem of the older adults can help promote healthy ageing.

The Acceptance and Commitment Therapy training is one of the new types of trainings in psychology that can affect the lifestyles of soldiers. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the ACT training on health promoting lifestyle profile in soldiers. 

 The present study was a quasi-experimental study which was performed in 2018 with a control group, pre-test, post-test and follow-up (1 month) stages. The study population consisted of 60 soldiers that were part of the revolutionary guards in Tabriz (30 for the experimental group and 30 for the control group) and they were selected by using the convenience sampling method. In the end, 30 people were considered for each group. A Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II) was used to collect data. The ACT intervention was performed in eight 45-minute sessions by a clinical psychologist. 

The total scores of the health-promoting lifestyle and its six dimensions showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups before the intervention (P = 0.43), but after the intervention, the total lifestyle scores were significantly different between the two groups in the post-test and follow-up stages except for the exercise variable (P < 0.05). Also, the study showed that the acceptance and commitment therapy training had a positive and significant effect on lifestyle with an effect score of 0.7 (P < 0.05).

Applying the ACT training due to its underlying mechanism such as acceptance, raising awareness, desensitization, living in the moment, observation without judgment, confrontation and abandonment, can increase compatibility while also improving lifestyle. The ACT training is one of the new types of training in psychology that can affect the lifestyles of soldiers.

Studies have shown that high levels of perceived stress during pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes, preterm labour, low birth weight, and other complications. In this regard and also considering the role of education in reducing maternal anxiety and stress, the present study was designed and conducted in the primiparous mothers.

  The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a control group.  Participants include primiparous pregnant women in Ilam in 1398. Sampling was done by random cluster sampling.  Cohen's perceived valid stress questionnaire was used to collect data.  To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical indices including analysis of variance, independent t-test and paired t-test were calculated using SPSS software. 

 The findings of an analysis of variance showed a statistically significant difference between the perceived stress of pre-test to post-test (F-29.606  P-value = 0.007) and post-test to follow-up (F-62.502 P-value=019). Also, the results of paired t-test showed a statistically significant difference in perceived stress in the intervention group (P-value ≤ 0.05). The results of the present study did not show a statistically significant relationship between demographic variables and perceived stress (P_value≥0.05.

 The present study showed the effect of e-learning on reducing perceived stress in primiparous women.  Therefore, this method of education is recommended as a useful method, without time and space restrictions to improve the attitude, awareness and practice of mothers

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among elementary students is increasing daily. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of an educational program based on the theory of planned behavior on the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among elementary students.

This educational trial study was performed on 155 elementary students (75 in the experimental group and 80 in the control group). Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior. Then, the educational campaign including games, roleplay, exhibition of healthy drinks, the Painting Competition with parents and teachers, and also a parent's training session for the experimental group was carried out for a month. Routine training program has been implemented for the control group.

The mean age of students participating in this study was 10.73±0.93 years their consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was 3.87±2.59 glasses per day. Three months after the educational intervention, students and their mothers in both experimental and control groups consumed significantly less sugar-sweetened beverages than before the intervention, but this reduction in consumption in the experimental group was significantly greater than Was the control group after the intervention (p<0.001). In the experimental group, the mean score of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and the intention to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increased significantly (p<0.001), but no significant difference was observed in the control group.  

According to the results of this study, designing and implementing an educational campaign based on the theory of planned behavior in schools can reduce the consumption of sweetened beverages in students and their mothers.

Identifying the factors affecting the lifestyle related to reducing PMS symptoms can help to reduce the health problems of women and girls. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the "predictors of lifestyle related to reducing the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms  based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs  among the first-grade high school female students in Urmia".

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 410 first-grade high school female students in Urmia who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling in 2021. The data collection tools included demographic characteristics, Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST), and a researcher-made questionnaire based on HBM constructs and knowledge. Face validity and Content validiyt methods were used for determine validity and Cronbach’s alpha was used for determine reliability. Data analysis was performed in SPSS 16 using Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Spearman correlation, and Multiple linear regression. The results were considered statistically significant at the level of p <0.05

Perceived self-efficacy (P <0.001, β = 0.250), perceived barriers (p <0.001, β = -0.162), perceived severity (p <0.05, β = 0.155), and perceived benefits (p = 0.019, β = 0.130), were significant predictors of lifestyle related to reducing PMS symptoms. HBM constructs and knowledg explained about 28.2% of the variance of lifestyle related to reducing PMS symptoms among the studied students.

HBM constructs are valuable and appropriate to identify the factors affecting the lifestyle related to reducing PMS symptoms among high school female students and to design and implement educational interventions in this field.

Covid-19 preventive behaviors are essential, and designing messages that convey a sense of danger is essential to creating these behaviors. One of the most widely used models for designing danger messages is the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the predictors of preventive behaviors based on EPPM. 

In this cross-sectional study, 1455 participants over 18 years old living in Bushehr province in cities of Bushehr, Genaveh, Tangestan, and Assaluyeh were selected by multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected online using valid and reliable questionnaires including demographic questions, constructs of the EPPM about individuals' perception of Covid-19, and preventive behaviors (hand washing and masking). Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 22. 

Out of 1455 participants, 877 (60.3%) had preventive behaviors. According to the results, the highest rate of hand disinfection by people after attending public places was 97.5% and the highest rate of wearing a mask was 98.7% in the presence of medical centers.  The constructs of perceived susceptibility, severity, and self-efficacy were predictors of preventive behaviors, and self-efficacy was the strongest predictor. Among the participants in the study, 914 (62.8%) were in the fear control process of preventive behavior, in which the highest defense response, has been about avoidance.

In order to promote preventive behaviors, people's perceptions of the threat of disease should be increased in health messages, and people's understanding of self-efficacy should be improved by using various methods, including verbal persuasion, modeling, step-by-step goal setting, and so on.

Orofacial outcome of oral cancer, and its management can effect on patients' quality of life. The aim of this study was to design and compile oral health self-care education program for oral cancer patients.

The research design was a qualitative and descriptive review study. Research articles and text books from international databases including: PubMed, Scopus, Springer, ISI web of science, and authenticated textbooks of oral medicine and maxillofacial surgery were used to find relevant topics by means of MeSH keywords such as "oral care”, "education program", “oral cancer”, “consideration”, “rehabilitation”, “self-management”, "self-care”, “complication”. Thereafter, English-language articles published from 2000 to 2021 were appraised. Self-care education program were analyzed by 30 experts in the fields of oral diseases, maxillofacial surgery, oncology, and radiotherapy. The content of the instructions in the areas of clarity and comprehensiveness, educational concept, patient awareness, implement ability and usability, and adequacy were evaluated quantitatively and from a score of 0 to 10.

Self-care education program were developed in these areas: mucositis, secondary infections, decay, pain and tooth sensitivity, halitosis, dry mouth, taste disturbance, bleeding, trismus, osteoradionecrosis, and nutritional instructions. The overall agreement of the experts in all areas was more than 9 points. In the areas of comprehensiveness and clarity of sentences and adequacy of coverage of instructions, there was the highest and lowest agreement, respectively (9.9 ±0.22), (9.3 ± 1.3).

According to the findings, this education program is recommended as a practical self-care guide for oral cancer patients.