International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
Volume:9 Issue: 3, Summer 2022

Infertility, as a cause of psychological stress, can lead to a crisis in patients. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the theory of planned behavior training on health-promoting behaviors and the quality of life of infertile women.

This was a semi-experimental study with pretest, post-test, and follow-up designsand a control group. The statistical population included 30 infertile women selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent 6 sessions of 90 minutes of the theory of planned behavior training. Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile and WHOQOL-BREF quality of life were used to collect data. The data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA using SPSS-22.

Theresults showed that the theory of planned behavior training significantly improves health-promoting behaviors (P<0.001) and quality of life (P<0.0001) in infertile women.

It can be concluded that the theory of planned behavior training can improve health-promoting behaviors and quality of life in infertile women by changing their attitudes and cognition.

Opening conversations in psychotherapy discourse is very sensitive. Therefore, identifying the principles of how opening conversations in such discourses is extremely important. The present study uses the conversation analysis approach to find the principles of opening conversation in the therapeutic discourse of treatment sessions for patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) based on the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approach.

The method used in this research is based on the logic of qualitative research. The corpus used in this study included 2520 minutes of conversation in psychotherapy sessions. Participants in this study were selected from both sexes. To analyze the data, methods of conversation analysis, word counting and finding keywords in the text have been used. Also,ATLAS ti. Computer software has been used to construct and present the verbal pattern.

The results of data analysis show that opening conversation pattern in psychotherapy sessions consists of five stages of which only the “Identification-recognition sequence” is used in the initial treatment sessions and the rest is used in all sessions. Psychologists have opened conversations in all psychotherapy sessions.It takes about 5 to 10 minutes to open a conversation.

The abundance of dataalso shows that when using the general pattern of conversation initiation sequence, there was no verbal difference between psychotherapists and male and female clients, and all behaved according to the rules governing psychotherapy sessions. This confirmsthe high sensitivity of the type of approach to clients and how to begin to communicate in conversations related to therapeutic discourse.

High-risk behaviors have devastating physical, psychological, and social consequences for the adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassionate mind-based cognitive therapy on behavioral inhibition-activation systems and the theory of mind of adolescents with high-risk behaviors.

The study design was quasi-experimental with control and intervention groups and a follow-up phase.The statistical population included all high school boys with high-risk behaviors in Tabriz. The sample consisted of 30 students who were purposefully selected, and randomly allocated into experimental and control groups. High-Risk Behaviors Questionnaire, Brain-Behavioral Systems Scale, and the Theory of Mind Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance test and employing SPSS-24 software.

Compassion-focused cognitive therapy decreased activation, increased inhibition, and improved theory of mind among adolescents with high-risk behaviors (P<0.01).

Basedon the findings of this study, it can be concluded that cognitive therapy based on compassionate mind through the component of mindfulness by reducing rumination, leads to a reduction of negative emotions and thus reduces high-risk behaviors in adolescents. Thus, it can be said that treatment based on Compassion can be used as an effective treatment to improve adolescent psychological problems with high-risk behaviors.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease and its psychological symptoms and effects, including reduced quality of life, have a huge impact on various aspects of the patients’ life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectivenessof solution-focused brief therapyin improving the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis.

In a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-posttest design and a control group, 36 patients with multiple sclerosis thatreferred to theM.S ClinicinGhaem Hospital and MSsociety of Khorasan-Razavi in Mashhad were selected using a convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned intotreatment and control groups. The treatment group received the seven, 2 hours’ sessions of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT). Data was collected at pre-test and post-test with theMultiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54Tool(MSQOL-54).The analysis of covariance was usedfor analyzing the data with SPSS-21.

The findings showed that SFBT has a significant impact on the quality of life(F=11.92, P<0.002) and its components (F=31, P<0.001)in patients with multiple sclerosis.

The SFBT is an effective therapeutic approach to improve the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. In fact, solution-focused therapy improves quality of life indicators in MS as a concise and evidence-based intervention. Although these results are promising, they require further and more comprehensive study of the effectiveness of such interventions in neuropsychological disorders.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic and complex disease that requires constant medical and psychological care. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness therapy on increasing psychological well-being and weight control in people with type 2 diabetes.

The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and two-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this study included men with type 2 diabetes and overweight in Tehran. 60 patients were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into three groups, including experimental group A (acceptance and commitment therapy), experimental group B (mindfulness therapy), and control group (no intervention). Data collection tools in this study were Reef Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire, and calculation of BMI for weight control. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of psychological well-being and weight control of the acceptance and commitment therapy group and the control group (P<0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the scores of psychological well-being and weight control of the mindfulness therapy group and the control group (P<0.05).

It can be concluded that both therapies, especially the therapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy are effective methods in reducing the psychological and physical problems of patients with type 2 diabetes.

One of the main concerns of health psychology is the follow-up of patients regarding to treatment adherence. Anxiety related to weight and psychological distress are the factors that play important roles in people with overweight after surgery. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety and psychological distress with adherence to treatment in people with overweight after surgery.

The research method utilized in this study was descriptive correlational. The statistical population included all obese patients who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy surgery at the Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center. 147 of them were selected by available sampling method. Research instruments included Beck Anxiety Inventory, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and General Adherence Scale. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method.

The results of this study demonstrated that anxiety and psychological distress are related to adherence to treatment among women with overweight after surgery(p≤0/05). Further, the regression analysis suggested that anxiety and psychological distress predict, respectively, 54% and 58% of the variance of changes in treatment adherence.

It can be stated that targeting psychological constructs such as anxiety and psychological distress during treatment process can be an effective way to enhance treatment adherence among people