نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال یازدهم شماره 7 (پیاپی 76، مهر 1401)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy on posttraumatic stress disorder and loneliness among women affected by marital infidelity. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. In this study the statistical population of women affected by the infidelity of Shahriar in the year 1400, using the convenience sampling method, 24 people were selected and randomly placed in two groups of 12 people. Data collection tools included the civilian Mississippi scale for PTSD (RCMD) of Norris and Perilla (1996) and the loneliness scale (UCLALS3) of Russell (1996). Then the experimental group received narrative exposure therapy for 8 weekly sessions for 90 minutes. but the control group received no intervention. The results showed that narrative exposure therapy had an effect on reducing posttraumatic stress and loneliness and the impact remained stable during the follow-up period (P<0.05). According to the findings of the present study, it seems that the role of narrative exposure therapy in reducing psychological and emotional problems in women affected by marital infidelity should be considered.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training on irrational beliefs and parent-child relationships in parents uncompromising divorce applicants. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included all couples uncompromising divorce who were referred to counseling centers in Mashhad in the second half of 2021. The research sample consisted of 40 people who were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of 20 experimental and control. Data collection tools included the child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS, Pianta, 1992) and the Irrational Beliefs Test - Ahvaz (4IBT-A, Ebadi and Motamedin, 2005). For the experimental group, eight 90-minute sessions were provided with one week of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS software version 22. Findings showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training on reducing irrational beliefs and improving parent-child relationships in parents' uncompromising divorce Undefined had an effect (P<0.01). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training is effective in reducing irrational beliefs and improving the parent-child relationship in parents' uncompromising divorce.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between personality traits and class silence behavior of sixth-grade female students in Shahrekord. The method of the present study was correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all sixth-grade female students in Shahrekord city in the academic year 1401-1400 in the number of 4800 people who were selected as a research sample by multi-stage cluster random sampling. Data collection tools included Behnamfar et al.'s (CSBQ) (2015) class silence behavior, Costa and McCreery personality traits (NEO_PI) (1998), and Jings& Morgan (1999) academic self-efficacy ((MJSENS)).SPSS25 and AMOS25 software were used to analyze the research data. The results showed that the model has a favorable fit. Personality traits, except conscientiousness, have a direct and causal effect on class silence behavior (P <0.01). Moreover, openness to experience, agreeability, and conscientiousness through academic self-efficacy has a causal and indirect effect on class silence behavior (P <0.01). Therefore, paying attention to personality traits and academic self-efficacy is very important in order to reduce the behavior of classroom silence and increase students' class participation.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of positive mindfulness on internalized shame, experiential avoidance, and emotion dysregulation in women who experienced violence. The current research was applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of its nature, it was a semi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test with a control group and a three-month follow-up phase. The statistical population of the present study consists of all women victims of domestic violence who were members of safe houses in Shiraz in 2018-2019, 30 people were selected in a targeted way and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Measurement tools included Garnevsky et al.'s Emotion Dysregulation Questionnaire (CERQ, 2001), Bavand et al.'s Experiential Avoidance (AAQ-II, 2011), and Cook's Internalized Shame Questionnaire (ISS, 1987). The experimental group received Hoffman et al.'s (2014) positive mindfulness intervention in 8 sessions of 90 minutes twice a week, and the control group did not receive any intervention. To analyze the data, analysis of variance with repeated measurements was done with SPSS 26 software. The results of the one-way analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference between the post-test score and follow-up of internalized shame, experiential avoidance, and emotion dysregulation in the control and experimental groups (p<0.01). 44% of internalized shame, 75% of experiential avoidance, and 36% of emotional dysregulation are explained by positive mindfulness therapy. As a result, it seems that positive mindfulness treatment is effective on internalized shame, experiential avoidance, and emotion dysregulation.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of online training reality therapy concepts on cognitive emotion regulation and anxiety of students' mothers during quarantine due to coronavirus. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all mothers of female students of non-profit primary schools in District 1 of Qazvin city in the academic year of 2020-2021, in which 30   people are purposefully selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The participants of the experimental group underwent training on concepts of reality therapy in 8 sessions online, but the control group did not receive any training during this time. The research instruments included the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (CERQ) (Garnefski et al., 2006) and the Cattle Anxiety Scale (CAS) (1957). The results of multivariate analysis of covariance revealed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores in the experimental and control groups (P<0.05), meaning that online training in the concepts of reality therapy increased and improved cognitive emotion regulation and reduced mothers' anxiety during quarantine due to coronavirus. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that online reality therapy training can be used by therapists and counselors as an effective method of reducing psychological problems.

The present research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the structural model of a tendency to marital infidelity based on marital justice with the mediating role of emotional maturity. The statistical population of the study consisted of all married women who referred to the positive life welfare centers of Behshahr city during the three months of December, January, and February of 2021, out of which 385 people were selected by non-random sampling method. All subjects completed the Marital Infidelity Propensity (PDIQ) Questionnaires by Drigotas et al. (1999), Marital Justice (MJQ) Hatfield et al.'s (2013), and Singh & Bhargava (1990) Emotional Maturity (EMS) questionnaires. For data analysis, a structural equation model was used. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between marital justice and emotional maturity with the tendency to commit marital infidelity (P<0.01). Also, the results showed that emotional maturity (-0.382) and marital justice (-0.423) have a direct and significant effect (P<0.01) on the tendency to commit marital infidelity. Also, marital justice through emotional maturity had an indirect and significant effect (-0.213) on the tendency to commit marital infidelity. Therefore, the research model has a favorable fit and Marital justice is related to marital infidelity through emotional maturity these findings can be used in educational programs and couple therapy interventions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationships of perfectionism with marital satisfaction: the mediating role of psychological flexibility and metacognitive beliefs. The design of the present study was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population of the study was all married people in Shahr Nazak in 2021. 270 people were selected for this study using the available sampling method. Research tools include the Perfectionism Questionnaire (PI, Hill et al., 2004), Psychological Flexibility (AAQ-II, Bond et al., 2011), Metacognitive Beliefs (MCQ, Hutton & Wells, 2004), and Enrich Marital Satisfaction (EMS, Olson, 1999). Data were analyzed using path analysis. The fit indices indicated an excellent fit of the data with the modified model. Positive perfectionism and negative perfectionism had an indirect effect on marital satisfaction (p< 0.001) since these effects were estimated through the variables of psychological flexibility and metacognitive beliefs. Therefore, their mediating role in the relationship between negative and positive perfectionism and marital satisfaction was confirmed (p< 0.001). From the above findings, it can be concluded that since marital satisfaction is affected by the variables of perfectionism, metacognitive beliefs, and psychological flexibility, so in couple psychotherapy, these variables should also be considered.

The aim of this study was to determine The Effectiveness of the Academic Satisfaction Package on the Self-Regulation and Assertiveness of High School Students. The research method was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of this study was the second-year high school students in Kermanshah in the academic year 2020-2021, from which 60 people were selected by purposive sampling method and then randomly assigned to two groups of 30 experimental and Control Groups. The academic satisfaction program was implemented for the experimental group for 8 weeks. Self-regulatory (Bouffard, 1995- BSF) and Assertion Inventory(Gambrill, Richey, 1995-AI) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results of the study of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of dependent variables in the post-test stage (P <0.001). The results showed that Academic Satisfaction Package led to increased students' assertiveness and self-regulation.

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of imago therapy on the process of conversation and the profound relationship of couples in Bandar Abbas city. The design of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population was all the couples from Bandar Abbas city who were referred to the counseling center of Negah-No Clinic in 2018. 32 people (16 couples) were selected as the sample using the available sampling method which was randomly divided into 2 groups of 16 people (experimental and control groups). The Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ) (Christensen and Salawi, 1984) as well as an 8-session protocol (one session per week and each session lasting 60 minutes) were used for the intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance test. The results showed that imago therapy increased the scores of mutual constructive communication in the experimental group in the post-test and decreased the scores of withdrawal/expectation and mutual avoidance communication variables in the post-test (p<0.001). Imago therapy has increased couples' use of the mutually constructive communication pattern and decreased their use of withdrawal/expectation and mutual avoidance communication patterns (p<0.001). In general, the image therapy approach has an impact on the conversion process and the couples' deep communication subscales.

The purpose of the current research was to explain the structural model of academic procrastination based on the attitude towards the field of study and academic immaturity with the mediating role of academic anxiety. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in the form of structural equations. 350 people were selected by random cluster sampling method among all the students of the Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol in 2020-2021. All of them completed the Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS) by Solomon and Rothblum (1984), the academic anxiety Test (AAT) by Alpert and Haber (1960), the attitude towards the field of study questionnaire (ATFSQ) by Sufo et al. (2012) and the academic immaturity scale (AMS) by Wallerand et al. (1992). Structural equations were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the variables of attitude towards the field of study and academic immaturity had direct and significant effects on academic procrastination and academic anxiety, respectively (p<0.01). Also, academic anxiety had a direct and significant effect on academic procrastination (p<0.01). In addition, academic anxiety had a mediating role for the two variables of attitude towards the field of study and academic immaturity which had an indirect and significant effect on academic procrastination. Finally, it can be said that the research model had a good fit and all three variables of academic anxiety, attitude toward the field of study, and academic immaturity had significant direct and indirect effects on academic procrastination.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of mindfulness in relation to personality traits and body image concerns among female students. The present study was a descriptive-correlational study of path analysis. The statistical population of the study included all female students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad who were studying at the undergraduate and graduate levels in the academic year 1399-1400. The statistical sample of this study was 509 people who were selected by available means due to the prevalence of corona and the virtual nature of the university. Data collection was the Hexaco Personality Questionnaire (HEXACO_60, Ashton and Lee, 2009), the Mindfulness Scale (MAAS, Brown and Ryan, 2003), and the Littleton Body image concern Questionnaire (BICI, Littleton et al., 2005). Data analysis of this study was performed by path analysis using SPSS 26 and AMOS 24 software. The results showed that the model fits well. Findings showed that personality traits have a direct effect on body image concerns in girls (P = 0.001) and also have an indirect effect on body image concerns (P = 0.001) through the mediating role of mindfulness. Consequently, mindfulness interventions are helpful for people with body image concerns who have the personality traits of conscientiousness, emotionality, extraversion, and honesty.

The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy and logotherapy on the mental well-being components of women seeking divorce affected by marital infidelity. The research design was a semi-experimental type of pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all the seeking divorce women affected by marital infidelity who were referred to the family counseling centers of Babol, Iran from July to December 2021. The sample included 48 people by purposive sampling method (16 people in the reality therapy group, 16 people in the logotherapy group, and 16 people in the control group) randomly assigned. For gathering the data, Keyes and Magyar-Mae Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire (SWBQ) was applied. Moreover, Multivariate repeated measurement variance analysis using SPSSV22 was applied for analyzing the data. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up stages in three components of emotional well-being, psychological well-being and, social well-being (P<0.01). So, both reality therapy and logotherapy interventions were effective in mental well-being components, but no significant difference was demonstrated between the two interventions in any of the components (P>0.05). Therefore, one can argue that both reality therapy and logotherapy interventions are effective in enhancing mental well-being components, but no significant difference was demonstrated between the two interventions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility in the relationship between behavioral activation and inhibition systems with resilience in Red Crescent relief workers. The present study is basic research in terms of purpose and a correlational study in terms of method. The statistical population of the present study was all Red Crescent relief workers from 17 Red Crescent branches in West Azerbaijan province in 2022, from which 200 people were selected as a sample online and available. Research questionnaires included: The resilience Questionnaire (CD-RISC, Connor and Davidson, 2003), the BIS/BAS Scale (BIS/BAS, Carver & White, 1994), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ, Gross & John, 2003), and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI, Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010). Path analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of the path analysis indicated that the model fit in well. Findings showed that the behavioral activation and inhibition systems were able to predict resilience directly and indirectly through emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility (p<0.001). It can be concluded that the behavioral activation and inhibition systems, emotion regulation, and cognitive flexibility play a key role in rescuers' resilience and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in interacting with each other in resilience promotion programs.

The aim of the current research is to investigate the structural relationship between emotional schemas and experiential avoidance of self-harm behaviors with the mediating role of smartphone addiction. The study was of the type of correlation and analysis of the path and society of all women and men between the ages of 13 and 30 living in the city of Ahvaz between August and October of 2021, from which a sample of 250 people was selected using the available sampling method. The research tools included The Self-Harm Inventory (SHI, Sanson, et al., 1998), the Mobile Phone Addiction questionnaire (Savari, 2012), the Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS, Arnett, 1994), and the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS, Leahy, 2002). The research findings showed that all path coefficients related to the final model and direct and indirect effects (except the path of adaptive emotional schemas to self-harm behaviors) are significant at the P≤0.05 level, and the model had an optimal fit. It can be concluded that emotional schema and experiential avoidance through smartphone addiction cause self-harm behaviors in individuals.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on self-control and emotional inhibition in male students with high-risk behaviors. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all male high school students in Ardabil in the academic year 2020-2021. By purposeful sampling method, 29 eligible individuals were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 14) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group received eight 75-minute sessions per week, one session of acceptance and commitment therapy (Hayes and Strosahl, 2010). Data collection tools were the Iranian adolescents' risk-taking scale (IARS, Soleimaninasab et al., 2018), Self-Controlling Scale (SCS, Tangney et al., 2004), and Standard Emotional Control Questionnaire (ECQ, Rogers and Najarian, 1989). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS22 statistical software. Results showed that with pre-test control, there was a significant difference between self-control and emotional inhibition between post-test scores in the experimental and control groups (P<0.001). As a result, it can be said that acceptance and commitment-based therapy is effective in improving self-control and emotional inhibition in students with high-risk behaviors.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation of Self-care behaviors with mental vulnerability in cardiovascular patients with mediating role of adherence. The method of this research was descriptive correlation based on path analysis. The statistical population of this study included all 354 patients with cardiovascular diseases in Seyed Al-Shohada Specialized Heart Hospital in Urmia in 2021. According to Krejcie and Morgan's table, with the possibility of incomplete questionnaires, 226 patients with cardiovascular disease were selected by available methods after reviewing the inclusion criteria. The mental Vulnerability Questionnaire (SCL-25) by Najarian and Davoodi (2001), the Adherence questionnaire (ADQ) by Seyed Fatemi et al. (2018), and the Self-care behaviors Questionnaire (EHFSB) by Wellen et al. (2013) were taken. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation method and path analysis with SPSS18 and Amos23 software. The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between Self-care behaviors and adherence to mental vulnerability in cardiovascular patients (P<0.01). Self-care behaviors have an effect of -0.55 on psychological vulnerability with the mediating role of adherence. (p≤ 0.01). The research model had a good fit and also, and the value of the general explanation coefficient in direct and indirect paths was equal to R2=0.42. These results emphasize the effect of cognitive-behavioral factors in controlling psychological vulnerability in cardiovascular patients.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the cognitive intervention on the Relapse of addiction and general health of drug addicts referred to the 60th Congress in Tehran. The research design was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The study's statistical population included all male substance abuse patients referred to the 60th Congress of Tehran in 2020. From the above community, 30 people were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received cognitive intervention training in eight sessions of 90 minutes (one session per week), during which time the control group did not receive any intervention. Research instruments included the Prediction Return Scale (PRC) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that cognitive intervention significantly affected the recurrence of addiction and the general health of drug addicts (p<0.05). Therefore, cognitive intervention is an effective way to reduce the Relapse of addiction and increase the public health of people addicted to the 60th Congress.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of group teaching of metacognitive strategies on the drowning experience and students' source of control. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The study population consisted of all third grade female students in the second year of high school in Tehran in the first semester of 2020-2021. Thirty of them were selected as a sample by purposive sampling method according to the entry and exit criteria and were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 15) and the control group (n = 15). The experimental group received the metacognitive skills training program in 9 sessions of 90 minutes (two sessions per week) as a group; The control group was placed on a waiting list. The Drowning Questionnaire (FQ) (Martin and Jackson, 2008) and the Control Source (LCQ) Rutter (1996) were used to collect data. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that by controlling the effect of pre-test, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of post-test in the experimental and control groups in the variables of drowning experience and control source (P <0.001). According to the results of this study, it can be said that group training in metacognitive strategies was effective in increasing the experience of drowning and the source of internal control and reducing the source of external control of students.

The present study aimed to assess the determine effectiveness of schema therapy on flow at work and the personal flourishing of psychotherapists in Tehran. This study was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and three-month follow-up design and control group. The statistical population included all psychotherapists in Tehran, Iran in 2021-2022. Along this line, 30 psychotherapists who met the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The instruments comprised Young's (2003) schema therapy protocol in 20 60-minute sessions, Bakker and Demorti's (2008) WOLF questionnaire, and Soleimani et al.'s (2015) personal flourishing (FQ) questionnaire. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results of repeated measurement variance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up flow at work and personal flourish (P<0.01). Based on the outcomes, it can be argued that schema therapy is practical for psychotherapists' flow at work and personal flourishing, and the results of the follow-up test indicate the durability of this effect over time.

The present study aimed to Determine the effectiveness of emotionally-focused couple therapy on happiness and quality of married life of dual-career couples. The method of study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all working couples referred to Alborz Counseling Center in Karaj from the second half of October to the end of November 2021. Among them, 32 couples were selected as samples of study using a convenience sampling method and then were randomly assigned two experimental and control groups after homogenizing them. The instruments used in this study included the Oxford Happiness Inventory(0HI) (Argyle, & Lu, 1990) and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale(RDAS) (Busby et al, 1995). The couples participating in the experimental group underwent emotionally-focused couple therapy intervention for 8 sessions per week. Application of multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) to the data revealed that was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group compared to the control group(P<0.01). It means that emotionally-focused couple therapy has increased the happiness and quality of the marital relationship of working couples. Therefore, emotionally focused couple therapy is an effective way to increase the happiness and quality of marital relationships between both working couples.