مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران
پیاپی 215 (آذر 1401)

Complaints of low back pain and fatigue caused by prolonged lying on the back are complications of angioplasty. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acupressure on severity of low back pain and fatigue in patients after coronary artery angioplasty through femoral artery.

A simple randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in three groups of patients (n= 75); experimental group, pseudo-intervention group, and control group. The study was performed in Sari Fatemeh Al-Zahra Hospital affiliated with Mazandaran University Medical Sciences, 2021. In experimental group, acupressure was applied to four points, including ST36, GV26, SI3, and BL60, each for two minutes, at two, four, six, and eight hours after angioplasty. In pseudo-intervention group, all measures performed in the experimental group were done without putting pressure. The control group received no intervention. The severity of low back pain was measured using Visual Analogue Scale and the severity of fatigue was measured using Visual Analog Fatigue Scale before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed applying descriptive and inferential statistics.

Severity of back pain significantly decreased in experimental group after four hours (P=0.001), six hours (P<0.001), and eight hours (P=0.01) following angioplasty compared with other groups. Also, in this group, severity of fatigue significantly decreased after four hours (P<0.001) and six hours (P<0.001) following angioplasty when compared to other two groups.

Acupressure was effective in reducing the severity of low back pain and fatigue in patients undergoing angioplasty. Therefore, this method can be introduced as an easy, non-invasive and helpful method in reducing the severity of low back pain and fatigue in these patients.

Estrogen-related receptor α (ERR-α) and transcriptional activator (PGC-1α) are important factors involved in regulating cellular energy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of PGC1α, ERRα genes after six weeks of endurance training and MitoQ supplementation in skeletal muscle of male Wistar rats and to determine their role in lipid metabolism indices.

In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n= 8); control group, endurance training, MitoQ supplement, and endurance training + MitoQ supplement. Training groups performed endurance training for six weeks (five sessions/ week). One-way analysis of variance was applied to compare data between the study groups.

Expression levels of ERR-α (P= 0.002), PGC-1α (P= 0.000), MCAD (P= 0.041), and CPT-1b (P= 0.521) genes were significantly higher in endurance training groups compared with the control group. ERR-α and CPT-1b gene expression levels significantly increased in the supplement group compared with the control group (P= 0.036 and P= 0.000, respectively). Findings showed that PGC-1α expression decreased in supplementation groups compared with the endurance training groups (P= 0.000).

Endurance training increases the expression of ERR-α and PGC-1α genes, which is associated with an increase in expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Despite increase in the expression of ERR-α and CPT-1b follwing MitoQ supplement, the effects of MitoQ supplement was not additive to the effect of endurance exercise, which emphasizes that the effect of exercise on lipid metabolism is mediated through free radicals and oxidative stress.

There is an increasing rate of drug resistance to azole among Candida species, so, finding new compounds that are effective in laboratory conditions, such as 3,4-dihydropyrimidine derivatives are important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antifungal sensitivity of 3,4-di-hydropyrimidine-1- (H2) -L- H1-pyrrole derivatives in Candida isolates.

Antifungal sensitivity of 102 Candida isolates with the origin of otomycosis to dihydropyrimidine derivatives and itraconazole were evaluated by broth microdilution according to CLSI-M27S4 guidelines. The serial dilution range of compounds and antifungal drug was 0.016-16 μg/ml. A concentration of compounds that showed at least 50% growth inhibition compared to the positive control group was considered as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS V16. 

Findings showed that 3,4-di-hydropyrimidine-1-(H2)-L-H1-pyrrole derivatives have higher MIC than itraconazole against Candida species. Also, comparing the MIC values of 3,4-di- hydropyrimidine with each other (P1-P4), P1 derivatives were found with lower MIC values than the other three derivatives and almost all compounds showed more efficacy against Candida albicans than other Candida species.

Although the antifungal effects of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-1-(H2)-L-H1-pyrrole derivatives against Candida species were lower than itraconazole, but, making structural changes in these compounds can increase their antifungal effects.

Marrubium plants have long been used as a traditional medicine in treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Marrubium parviflorum extracts and fractions.

In this experimental study, solvent extraction from aerial parts of the plant was done by Soxhlet method. The antimicrobial effect of the extracts was evaluated on six strains of gram-positive bacteria, four strains of gram-negative bacteria, and one strain of fungus. Also, effective extracts were fractionated by various chromatographic methods and their antimicrobial effects were investigated.

Chloroform extract of M. parviflorum was found to be effective against Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Bacillus cereus with a growth inhibition zone diameter (DIZ) of 16.6, 14.6, and 11.6 mm, respectively, and MBC 100 mg/ml. Methanolic extract also showed considerable antimicrobial effects against Proteus mirabilis and Psudomonas aeruginosa. Among the fractions obtained, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 60% fractions of the chloroform extract and 20% and 40% fractions of the methanolic extract showed the highest antimicrobial effect. The superior values ​​of MBC and DIZ in fractions indicate the condensation of certain antimicrobial compounds in some fractions and higher sensitivity of gram-positive bacteria compared with gram-negative bacteria.

Among the extracts studied, the chloroform and the methanolic extracts of M. parviflorum exhibited the strongest antimicrobial effect and Micrococcus luteus was the most sensitive microorganism.

The mature form of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) binds to BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor (Trk-B). This binding leads to activation of Ras–MAPK pathway which is integrated with cell growth and proliferation. The BDNF deficiency is correlated with various diseases and affects aging and miscellaneous. In the present study we aimed to design a chimeric LAMP-BDNF protein and assess its suitability to target neuronal cells employed in silico approaches.

The specific binding between the BDNF and Trk-B would be used to guide the drug loaded lysosomes in to brain tissue. So, the structure of the chimeric BDNF/LAMP2 protein was predicted and its quality was confirmed using bioinformatics tools. Then, the interaction between the structures of BDNF/LAMP2 protein and Trk-B was analyzed by protein-protein docking. The orientation of the interaction between these proteins was compared to orientation of Trk-B interaction with its specific antibody using structural superimposition.

Findings showed that the chimeric BDNF/LAMP2 protein could preserve the original structure of the BDNF molecule. Moreover, the chimeric BDNF/LAMP2 protein was found to be capable of interacting with Trk-B. The interaction orientation and binding affinity for BDNF/LAMP2 protein and Trk-B were similar to the orientation and binding affinity of interaction between Trk-B and its specific antibody.

The designed chimeric BDNF/LAMP2b protein would be capable of targeting the exosomes toward neural cells and provides better drug delivery to brain tissue.

Ultrasound is easily available, cheap, non-invasive and radiation-free that could be considered as an alternative to Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (DMSA) in evaluation of kidney damage. The aim of this study was to determine the prediction of kidney damage in ultrasound compared with DMSA (standard method) in children with pyelonephritis and vesicoureteral reflux.

This cross-sectional study was performed in children aging one month to 18 years old with pyelonephritis and vesicoureteral reflux grade 2 and higher admitted in Amirkola Children's Hospital, 2011-2020. Renal ultrasound was done in all children at admission and DMSA was done after at least 4-6 months. Then, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of ultrasound were studied. The kappa coefficient was determined for the percentage agreement between ultrasound and DMSA.

Out of 220 children with pyelonephritis and reflux, 153 were included in the study. In ultrasound, out of 306 kidneys, 262 (85.6%) and 44 (15.1%) were normal and abnormal, respectively, but DMSA showed 128 (41.8%) normal and 178 (58.2%) abnormal kidneys. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in predicting kidney damage compared with DMSA were 19% (CI: 12-27%) and 86% (CI: 97-74%), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of ultrasound compared with DMSA in predicting kidney damage were 82% (CI: 68-68%) and 24% (CI: 17-31%), respectively.

Based on current study, ultrasound alone is not able to predict kidney damage following pyelonephritis and vesicoureteral reflux and DMSA should be performed. If the ultrasound is normal, the chances of detecting kidney damage are much lower in DMSA.

Diverticulosis is a major health problem in middle-aged and older adults. The cause of bleeding in the diverticulum is not clear, but arteriolar changes are considered as the main pathogenesis of diverticular bleeding. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between the risk factors for atherosclerosis and diverticular bleeding.

In this case-control study, 112 patients with diverticulitis over 40 years of age attending Babol Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital 2018-19 were studied in two groups of with and without diverticular bleeding. The participants were investigated in terms of high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, triglyceride, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, hypertension, and other factors.

The mean age of patients was 62.42±10.45 years. There were 62 patients (55.4%) with diverticular disease and 50 patients (44.6%) with diverticular bleeding. The risk of diverticular bleeding in patients with a history of heart disease was 4.25 times higher than that in patients without a history of non-coronary heart disease (P<0.001). Also, the risk of diverticular bleeding in patients with history of angiography and coronary stent was 3.11 times higher compared with patients without such history (P=0.004). In multivariate analysis based on adapted odds ratio, history of non-coronary heart disease, history of hypertension, elevated triglyceride and LDL levels, and decreased HDL levels were found as the risk factors for diverticular bleeding.

This study showed that along with ischemia in the arteries of heart, brain, and peripheral arteries, the risk of bleeding in intestinal arteries also increases in patients with diverticulosis.

This study was carried out to analyze the trend of death due to substance abuse and related factors in Iran in order to design and implement preventive and therapeutic interventions for substance related deaths.

In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the data of 6810 deaths caused by drug abuse, registered in the "System of Registration and Classification of Causes of Death", defined by ICD-10 criteria and based on the reports of Ministry of Health and Legal Medicine Organization in 2014-2018. Variables including age, gender, type of poisoning and the type of substance leading to death were examined. Description of these data and examination of the time trend of the raw mortality rate were performed using joinpoint regression analysis and percentage of annual changes (APC) and average percentage of annual changes (AAPC) were calculated in SPSS V23.

The average age of the deceased was 39.2±17.0 years. Majority of them were men. Central regions followed by western regions of Iran accounted for the highest number of deaths that was related to opioid poisoning. Accidental poisoning and poisoning with unknown intention were the most frequent causes. Deaths due to opioids (APC=27.2, P=0.008) and stimulants (APC=109.24, P=0.1) overdose showed an increasing trend and a peak in 2014 in Iran. A decreasing trend was found in two groups of sedative-hypnotic-anxiolytics and other drugs, but it was not statistically significant. No trends were found for alcohol-related deaths.

There is a considerable increasing trend in accidental deaths, especially caused by opioids and mainly in middle-aged men which requires limiting measures. It is recommended to intensify drug monitoring and provide trainings about using naloxone as an emergency antidote to opiate overdose to families, police and emergency staff in early stages of drug poisoning.

Malaria is one of the infections caused by parasites in the blood. Despite preventive measures and treatments, it is still considered as one of the health problems in some parts of Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with malaria in the population covered by Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences between 2001 and 2020.

In this descriptive study, all positive cases of malaria registered in the Patient Management Center in Mazandaran Health Department (2001-2020) were included by census. Data were obtained from Health Network and Health Deputy in Mazandaran province. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS V23.

A total of 649 patients were found, including 591 (91.1%) men. The mean age of patients was 26±10.1 years. The patients mainly aged 20-29years (49.5 per 100,000) and the lowest rate of infection was found in cases of >70 years old (6 per 1000,000). Plasmodium vivax was the most common parasite (96.6%, n=624). Malaria transmission occurred most in spring and malaria cases declined in this period.

Malaria cases showed a decreasing trend during the study period, however, socioeconomic and demographic factors could be of great value in understanding the epidemiology of the disease and predicting the foci eras.

Enlarged prostate places pressure on the urethra and causes urinary problems, the treatment of which is medication and surgery. The effect of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) on sexual function is still controversial in patients with benign prostate enlargement. This study aimed at comparing sexual function in patients with open prostatectomy and TURP before and after surgery.

This cross-sectional study was performed in 100 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia aged 50-75 years who underwent surgery in 2019 in hospitals affiliated with Babol University of Medical Sciences based on prostate size in two groups of 50 TURP (n=50) and open prostatectomy (n=50). Patients' sexual function was evaluated and compared between the two groups using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15), before and three and six months after the surgery. Data analysis was done applying Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and analysis of variance.

The mean age in TURP group was 71.42 ± 6.27 and in open prostatectomy group was 73.40±5.91 years. The total scores for the IIEF-15 before, three, and six months after the open prostatectomy group were 37.40 ±10.82, 37.74 ±9.21, and 38.22 ± 9.31, respectively, and in TURP group were 23.40±7.62, 37.34±7.38, and 37.29±7.11, respectively. The scores showed no significant differences in sexual function between the two procedures (P>0.05). Intense sexual dysfunction was seen in five (10%) patients and eight (16%) patients, six months after TURP and open prostatectomy, respectively. Mild dysfunction was not observed after TURP, but it was seen in two (4%) patients after open prostatectomy.

In current study, open prostatectomy and TURP did not affect sexual function.

Physical activity and active lifestyle delay the aging process. A better understanding of the lifestyle and health level of the elderly is useful in designing and prioritizing interventions for chronic diseases. This study aimed at exploring the relationship between lifestyle and health disorders in older adults in Ahvaz, Iran 2020.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 1000 older people were selected by systematic random sampling. Data were collected using Life Style Questionnaire (LSQ), Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPQOL), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Data were analyzed in SPSS V22 applying descriptive statistics and analytical statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient or Spearman correlation coefficient). Structural equation modeling using AMOS software was used to test the theoretical model of the research and the validity of the questionnaires.

The mean age of participants was 69.5±6.5 years of whom 50.9% were women. Among the population studied 51% were overweight and 23% were obese. Confirmatory factor analysis showed significant relationships between health disorders and social health (β=1.23), quality of life (β=0.99), mental health (β=-0.78), lifestyle (β=0.57), individual factors (β=0.52), spiritual health (β=0.49), and physical health (β=-0.46), (P<0.05). According to the coefficient of determination, mental-psychological dimension (61%), spiritual dimension (51%), lifestyle (33%), individual factors (27%), social dimension (24%), and physical dimension (21%) explained the hidden variable of health disorder. In fitting the lifestyle model, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.052, which shows that the model has an acceptable fit.

Old adults should to be aware of the benefits of healthy lifestyle. Therefore, the health of this vulnerable group can be improved by implementing healthy lifestyle interventions, including stress management, healthy nutrition, and recreational activities.

This study was carried out to determine the relationship between maxillary central incisors and incisive papilla in complete dentures and compare that with dentate people.

In this descriptive-analytical study, the horizontal distance between the maximum prominence of labial surface of maxillary central incisors to the middle and posterior points of incisor papilla was measured using a caliper, on the casts prepared from 30 dentate patients and 30 complete dentures made in Dental School affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

Average distance between the midpoint of incisive papilla to the labial surface was 9.641±0.866 mm in dentate people and 8.851±1.504 mm in complete dentures. The mean distance between the posterior point of incisive papilla and the labial surface was 12.815±1.264 mm in dentate people and 10.788±1.837 mm in complete dentures. Independent t-test showed significant difference between the two groups in mean distance between the midpoint and the labial surface (0.790 mm, P<0.05). The distance between the posterior point and the labial surface was also found to be significantly different between the two groups (2.026±0.407 mm, P<0.001).

According to the limitations of this study, the midpoint of incisive papilla is suggested to be more reliable than posterior point in assessing the position of anterior maxillary teeth among complete denture patients.

Mothers are in the first line of adolescent sexual health education. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sexual health dialogue between mothers and adolescents and related factors in households covered by urban health care centers in Sari, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 196 mothers of adolescents (15-19 years) using simple random sampling between August 2020 and January 2021. Data were collected using a Medical Socio-Demographic Questionnaire, a researcher-made questionnaire investigating the barriers to sexual health dialogue between parents and adolescents, and the Sexual Health Dialogue. Data analysis was performed applying logistic regression analysis.

Almost all mothers (99.5%) had a dialogue about at least one of the topics associated with sexual health with their adolescents. However, good-quality dialogue about sexual health was observed in 49%. Embaressment (54.8% of boys and 38% of girls) and encouraging curiosity about sex (49% of boys and 58.7% of girls) were the most frequent barriers to sexual health dialogue between mothers and adolecents of both genders. Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of good-quality dialogue about sexual health between mothers and sons were 93% less than that between mothers and daughters.

Considering the low frequency of good-quality dialogue about sexual health between mothers and adolescents, attention to the barriers involved in this dialogue and essential appropriate approaches are necessary measures in adolescent health policy.

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the position of impacted canine and associated follicular width.

This cross-sectional descriptive study, included CBCT archival images (n=70) in a maxillofacial imaging center in Sari, Iran. The images were studied by Planmeca Romexis Viewer ver. 3.8.2. Variables were determined and any relationship was investigated. Data analysis was carried out in SPSS V22.

Findings showed that 61.43% of the canines were in palatal position, 28.57% were in central position of the alveolar process and 10% were in buccal position. Also, the frequencies of vertical position of the canine cusp tip impacted in coronal 1/3, apical 2/3, and cervical region of the lateral incisor root were 50.86%, 40%, and 7.14%, respectively, and there were mild and severe root resorption in 28.57% and 2.86% of the cases, respectively.

Canine impaction often occurs in the palatal position relative to the bone crest and the risk of its occurrence increases with increase in the distance of the canine from the midline and increase in the size of the follicle. This phenomenon, which is reported more in women, can eventually lead to root resorption of the lateral incisor tooth.

Human gingival fibroblasts cultured on collagen membrane is an alternative treatment method in guided regeneration. This in vitro study aimed at evaluating and comparing the human gingival fibroblasts viability on two types of collagen-rich membranes.

Human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF1-RT1) were cultured on two types of collagen-rich membranes, including Regen and CenoMembrane. After 24 and 72 hours, the MTT test was performed. ANOVA test and Post Hoc Tukey were applied to compare MTT mean values in different groups and times.

After 24 and 72 hours, the highest rates of viability of fibroblast cells were observed in the control group and the Regen membrane, and the lowest viability was seen in the CenoMembrane group. Cell viability in control group was significantly higher than the CenoMembrane and in Regan membrane was significantly higher than the CenoMembrane (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the Regen membrane and the control group (P>0.05).

Based on MTT assay, the viability of fibroblasts after 24 and 72 hours was higher in the Regen membrane compared with the CenoMembrane.

Aphasia is the most common communication disorder resulting from stroke. In this condition all modalities of language, including reading, writing, auditory perception, and oral speech may be affected. Aphasia is divided into two categories: fluent (Wernicke's aphasia, Transcortical sensory aphasia, conduction aphasia, and anomic aphasia) and non-fluent (Broca's aphasia, global aphasia, transcortical motor aphasia, and mixed transcortical aphasia). As a result, the types of aphasia depend on the area of brain damage. In this study, the relationship between fluent aphasia and non-fluent aphasia with the brain damage area was investigated in stroke patients admitted to hospitals affiliated with Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2018.

In this cross-sectional study, the diagnosis and discrimination of aphasia types were determined by performing the Persian version of the aphasia test and MRI/CT-scan images were taken to find the exact brain damage area. Data were analyzed in SPSS V26.

We studied 123 patients. There were 70 cases with aphasia (mean age: 68.16 years), including 41 men and 29 women. Frontal lobes (25.7%) and temporal lobes (25.7%) were the most common brain regions affected.

Damage to the frontal lobe and its surrounding areas is associated with incidence of aphasia, and damage to the temporal lobe and its surrounding areas is linked to the occurrence of fluent aphasia.

Tocilizumab (TCZ), a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor, is emerged as an alternative treatment for COVID-19 patients with a risk of cytokine storms. This study aimed at investigating the efficacy of TCZ in patients with COVID-19.

In a retrospective observational study, we examined the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and also the outcomes of TCZ therapy (Actemra® and Temziva®) in Qaemshahr Razi Hospital.

Out of 56 cases, 32 (57.1%) were women and the median age of the patients was 57.5 years. Among the patients, 19 (33.9%) were admitted to ICU where seven (12.7%) were intubated and eight (14.3%) patients deceased. Before TCZ therapy, mean oxygen saturation level was 90.1% which elevated to 93.8% after receiving TCZ (P=0.001). In this study, Temziva® was associated with lower mortality rate compared with Actemra® (P=0.004).

TCZ therapy in patients with COVID-19 could improve oxygen saturation level and Temziva® results in lower mortality rate. However, further studies with larger sample size are required to confirm these results.

Candidiasis is one of the most serious problems in adult and neonatal intensive care units. Molecular techniques play a key role in identifying invasive fungal infections and could be of great benefit beside other mycological diagnostic methods such as smear preparation and blood culture. The aim of this study was to detect candida species isolated from patients in oncology unit and intensive care unit in Zanjan Valiasr Hospital, Iran.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, we examined 154 patients between November 2017 and May 2018. Blood culture was done and PCR was carried out after DNA extraction.

In this study, Candidemia was found to be considerably higher in men with a mean age of 72 years old compared with women. Also, more than one procedure in a patient, fever, and antibiotic treatments were the main underlying factors causing Candidemia. In this study, blood cultures were positive for yeast growth in 2.6% of the patients (C. albicans in 1.3%, C. tropicalis in 0.65%, and C. glabrata in 0.65 %(. 

Candida species are among the main causes of blood infection in patients admitted to intensive care units and death rate of the condition can approach 100% in case of late diagnosis.

Pseudomonas infections include urinary tract infections (UTIs), respiratory infections, soft tissue infections, dermatitis, bacteremia, gastrointestinal, bone and joint infections, and systemic types of infections, especially in hospitalized patients with severe burns, or patients with immunosuppression such as cancer or AIDS. Considering the importance of the virulence genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the drug resistance that can be caused by this bacterium, the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of multidrug-resistant virulence genes in isolates of P. aeruginosa in Iranian clinical samples.

Using Scopus, ISI, Web of science, Pubmed, and Web of science databases, the following were used as keywords: phzM, phzH, phzII, phzI, phzS, plcH, plcN, algD, algU, pilB, and pilA. After limiting the search strategy and removing duplicates, the remaining articles were screened by examining the titles and abstracts. Finally, the heterogeneity index between studies was determined using Cochran's test (Q) and I2. Based on this information, the fixed effect model was used to estimate the prevalence of Pseudomonas infection.

In 26 studies included in the meta-analysis, the frequencies of phzM, phzH, phzII, phzI, phzS, plcH, plcN, algD, algU, pilB, and pilA genes based on random effect model were 39.6%, 38.5%, 57%, 53.1%, 41%, 77.8%, 58.3%, 61.6%, 74%, 25.5%, and 25.5%, respectively.

This study showed presence of genes encoding virulence factors (phzM, phzH, phzII, phzI, phzS, plcH, plcN, algD, algU, pilB, and pilA) in clinical strains of P. aeruginosa. In general, different types of virulence genes of this bacterium indicate that these genes are linked to severity of pathogenicity.

Hair loss is a common hair disorder in human population. It affects quality of life and there are ongoing attempts to find permanent treatment for this condition. But, today there is no completely safe and protective treatment for all. Hair follicle stem cells are alive, but quiescence in androgenetic alopecia and are potentially active and can proliferate and differentiate, then regenerate hair follicles. Currently, research is more focussed on mesenchymal stem cells, hair follicle progenitor cells, and dermal papilla cells implantation which act like hair follicle stem cells. Therefore, activating the hair follicle stem cells signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin can stimulate these cells for proliferation and differentiation and lead to hair regeneration. Nowadays, this treatment strategy has shown promising horizon to treat androgenetic alopecia. This paper reviews latest findings in treatment of androgenetic alopecia using re-activation Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in hair follicle stem cells.