نشریه تحقیقات سیاسی و بین المللی
پیاپی 51 (تابستان 1401)

The purpose of this article is to review the theory of international relations from the perspective of Chinese scholars. One of the most important Chinese theories of international relations is moral realism, which originates from the Tsinghua school. The main question of this article is what is the attitude of this theory in international relations? Moral realism seeks to show why and how an emerging power such as China can replace existing hegemonic power. As one of the pioneers of moral realism, Yan Xuetong sees the cause of this issue as a quality of political leadership. Active and pioneering political leadership as an essential element of a country's political strength can, by adhering to state and global ethics, multiply a nation's comprehensive national strength (resulting from political, economic, cultural, military capability) in an emerging country, increase its international authority, and ultimately place it in the leadership position of the international order.

Affected by the recent developments in Afghanistan, which led to the fall of Ashraf Ghani's government, the Afghan people and their military forces saw the government occupy the Taliban without any resistance, and other conditions of insecurity prevailed for the country. In this country, he added, and at present, the country is living without government and in insecurity conflicts. What are the factors affecting the new political life of Afghanistan and what is its impact on the Islamic Republic of Iran?The hypothesis that can be put forward as a research finding is that the accumulation of barriers and factors in state-building has led to today's Afghanistan as a disintegrated, fragmented and divergent society, which is in the degenerative spiral of conflict, insecurity and poverty from modernity to poverty. Become the Taliban and ISIS; Relying on the element of religion and with the aim of gaining political power, the groups have not only been institutionalized within the framework of preventing the establishment of any democracy, but have also targeted the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the region and even the international system.

China's growing presence in the West Asian region has led to a number of debates in academia and policy-making. China is now a global strategic threat to US interests. China's growing presence in the region has led to the question of how much the policy of the United States and China will change and what future or futures can be drawn for the strategic presence of China and the United States in the region? According to this research hypothesis, the strategic position of the region requires that despite the strategic rivalry between China and the United States in the world, they will work together in the West Asian region. The research method is descriptive-analytical and oversees the future research approach. According to the research findings, the presence of the United States and China in the West Asian region can be considered in the form of four "possible, believable, probable and desirable" futures. Given the need of these two supra-regional governments for the West Asian region, it can be said that the desired future is cooperation and the presence of both governments in the region is predictable.

Te Agean Sea has been witness, during the past one century, to a series of disputes over the delimitation of maritime boundaries in the East Mediterranean expecially between Turkey and Greece. Such disputes have culminated in highetened tensions and risk of military confrontation between the two neighbors. Now, after three decades of the first serious tension, the two sides have resumed “exploratoty talks” to discuss maritime disputes. Greece, as a member of UNCLOS insists on referring the dispute to the Hague, while Turkey wants negotiations to reach an agreement on the basis of equity. The present paper aims to study the legal aspects of the maritime dispute between Turkey and Greece under the UNCLOS considering ICJ orders in 1976 and 1978. Researchers study reasons behind the failure of the many initiatives presented during the past one century to resolve this maritime dispute. Findings of this analytical-descriptive research suggest that while mechanisms and procedures for the settlement of maritime disputes by virtue of the UNCLOS have been considered by Turkey and Greece, they can resolve their dispute only through bilateral negotiations and reaching agreement on the delimitation of maritime zones and joint exploitation of the natural resources of the East Mediterranean.

This paper intends to examine the background to the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) against the former Soviet Union on the basis of Stephen Walt's threat balance theory, so the question of this study is that the indicators presented in To what extent is Stephen Walt's theory of threat balance compatible with the factors influencing the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) against the former Soviet Union? It is assumed that the indicators mentioned in Walt's Threat Balance Theory have been effective and applicable in the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) against the Soviet Union. Stephen Walt. The necessary information has been collected using the library method and by referring to books, articles, and domestic and foreign publications and Internet resources. Findings show that according to Walt's threat balance theory, the mentioned indicators in the formation of alliances (proximity, offensive power, offensive intentions, increase of offensive power) are effective and applicable in the formation of NATO against the former Soviet Union.

The security dilemma,as one of the main concerns of countries in the international arena, that as one country's security increases, other countries will go through a process of insecurity.It is the duty of states to provide political goods such as security, economic facilities, legal order and infrastructure.When a state fails to provide these features, it is considered as a fragile state.The concept in the last decade, is one of the characteristics of some Middle Eastern countries.Iraq has been included in the group of fragile states since 2003 and has always had an unsatisfactory level of security since then.Accordingly,the main question is “what effect does the fragile state of Iraq have on the security dilemma in the Persian Gulf?”.Using a descriptive -analytical method, the purpose of this paper tries to examine the security dilemma in post-2003 Iraq as a state in the Persian Gulf region.Findings show that the fragile state of Iraq has intensified the security dilemma in the Persian Gulf by disrupting the regional Arab order, paving the way for increased military intervention,influencing the balance of power between Iran and Saudi Arabia, and paving the way for the spread of terrorist activities and oil smuggling in the Persian Gulf region.

One of the most important issues in international relations is the concept of "power". Joseph Nye's initiative in separating hard power from soft power gave new form to the definition of power. Sports diplomacy is considered as one of the key ways of forming soft power and countries are trying to find solutions to reduce tensions, political, economic and social effects with other actors in this supply. The strong presence of Iranian national teams, especially wrestling, in popular international events such as the Olympic Games has created an opportunity for sports to help improve Iran's position in the new world structure, even reducing tensions with its longtime enemy, the United States. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer the question that what role did the soft power of sports diplomacy, especially wrestling, play in Iran-US relations from 1998 to 2013? Studies using the soft power theoretical framework showed that the main hypothesis about the impact of wrestling on the formation of the soft power of sports diplomacy, at critical times and at the lowest cost has helped to improve Iran-US relations. This study also offers suggestions for better use of ship soft power to reduce problems in Iran-US relations.