مجله الجمعیه العلمیه الایرانیه للغه العربیه و آدابها، فصلیه علمیه محکمه
سال هجدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 64، خریف 2022)

"Social science fiction" literature deals with the impact of scientific advances and emerging ideologies on human beings, this is a kind of foresight that predicts the dangers and catastrophes that may occur in the future. This aspect of science fiction is of particular importance in Arabic literature because the Arab countries have never been at the forefront of technological advances, but they have always dealt with the worst social catastrophes, and naturally they are also the most creative in this field This research presents a futuristic analysis of the "Utopia" novel based on a descriptive-analytical method and relying on the opinions of experts in the field of social science fiction literature because the characteristics of this literary branch are clearly seen in the novel. And it concludes that the author creates a duality of utopia and anti-utopia and promotes it throughout the novel in order to expose social wounds during it. And it was inspired by the bitter truths of the Arab countries, such as the French invasion, the July war, and the situation in Iraq and etc. which the Arab countries have faced in contemporary history, and finally warns that they are skeptical of emerging ideologies. And look with suspicion, because the paradise that dreams of being realized may be just a hell in the shadow of these new ideologies which leads to class conflict, dictatorial rule, colonialism and other economic problems.

The issue of “The I and the Other” is one of the important issues dealt with by the Arab novel in general and the Syrian novel in particular, as it has become one of the most important critical concepts represented in postcolonialism. There are narrations that embody the conflict and clash between the West and the East, looking at the West with a negative view, as some of them paint the image of the other as a spiritual angel far from mistakes and look at him with a positive and open view and at himself with a negative view, that is, contempt. In this regard, the novel "Al-rabie Va Al-kharif" by the Syrian writer "Hana Mina" deals with the West represented by "Hungary / the Other", and its social and political conditions, and compares it with what it is "Arab Reality /I". Based on the foregoing, this study, according to the concepts of post-colonial criticism and the descriptive-analytical approach, aims to reveal the narrator's position, represented by the protagonist of the novel, towards the Arab ego and the Western one in the novel "Al-rabie Va Al-kharif". The study came up with results, the most important of which indicates that the voice of the oppressed Arab I and the voice of the beloved Hungarian Other dominate the "Al-rabie Va Al-kharif" novel. This appears through the two opposite indications in the title of the novel and the hero's descriptions of places, his view of women, and his feeling of spatial alienation.

The contemporary novel characterizes diversity in race, identities, ideologies, and languages to reflect societies. This diversity motivates human beings to live in the imaginary world of the novel and fight vigorously and stand against domination the same as in the objective world. Bakhtin, in his Dialogism theory, points out that a novel is a particular literary genre and has heteroglossia features based on social diversities. Different sounds in the novel interfere and establish a dialogue. Therefore, create a heteroglossia and polyphony world. Carnival, which is the focus of this article, is a kind of dialogue and heteroglossia in which inferior and minority voices are allowed to speak. In this atmosphere of ridiculous carnival, the inferior voice is exalted. In the carnival atmosphere, the body is given a grotesque character, and social crises and definite laws are violated by ridicule and humor. Through a descriptive-analytic approach, the present article examines the concepts of Carnaval in the discourse of the Barid Al-Layl, by Hoda Barakat, winner of the International Prize for Arabic Fiction. This article studies the heteroglossia of the novel by examining the elements of carnival. The results indicated that through the formal language of letters, different characters, and heteroglossia, this novel forms a double-voiced discourse and illustrates the characteristics of each of these languages. This novel is a carnival in opposition to dominion and power and aims to aware human societies. It addresses the worries and anxieties of human beings, especially Arabs, and talks about their pain during destructive wars and forced migration. It intends to realize the dreams of freedom and equality.

Researchers may think - or are certain to the degree of certainty - that some verses of poetry since ancient times have become out of the orbit of rhetorical quality, and have lost a lot of their luster due to the lack of aesthetic conditions that qualify them to possess the required alloy specifications. As long as the ancient and contemporary critics admired the robustness of the casting and the quality of style in the famous Verse of Imru’ al-Qays “Mekarren Mefarren…” and they elaborated in detail its rhetorical aspects; All the early critics and modernists also rejected the rhetoric of his other Verse, "Ghadaeroho Mostashzeraton ..." and took an opposing position towards him, stripping him of eloquence and eloquence due to the vocal dissonance that they sensed in one of his words, which is 'misfortune'. In this study, and according to the descriptive-analytical method, we will be in the process of proving a different vision in each of the prevailing critical directions. In the first, we prove that it is completely outside the circle of artistic quality, in that the simile in which it was used does not depict any of the creative aspects that the poet intended to embody. The oscillating movement of the Persians. Also, the second house is characterized by the characteristics of pictorial eloquence that were hidden from the eyes of researchers, in terms of their neglect of the aspect of applied rhetoric, which requires that the final image be inspired by indicators of audio-visual congruence that is noticeable at the will of the pictorial meaning. The results say that the prevailing critical view of critics regarding the two verses may actually be wrong, and that each of them can be viewed from another rhetorical perspective that proves to the second a great expressive value that critics and scholars overlooked, as well as a deviation in the simile image that makes the verse completely contradictory. The correct simile structure requires it when the desired dynamic image is regular.

The need to examine the representation of women in contemporary literature is one of the most important and debatable issues in the current context of the field of fiction. In the last decade, due to changes in the social, cultural and societal structure of societies and the rise of women's awareness, women writers have expressed a critical view of the social status and role of women and called for a fundamental change in public attitudes and revision of patriarchal interpretations of Literary texts. This article tries to study and compare the identities of traditional and modern women in this work with a descriptive-analytical method, while introducing the novel "Al-Dawameh" by Qamar Kilani, a contemporary Syrian writer. From this study, it can be deduced that in the book AlDawameh, the dimension of modern women is more vividly portrayed than traditional women, and Kilani has paid attention to the choice of women's names in his novel in accordance with these two dimensions of identity. Also, the traditional women of this novel are limited to the duties and roles of mother and wife and are doomed to adherence and compromise against the patriarchal system and citizenship of the traditional traditions. In contrast, the modern woman of the novel is a knowledgeable, educated and modern woman. His identity is linked to issues such as employment, independence, open-mindedness, breaking the traditional rules of marriage and modeling.

Today, with the astonishing development of mass media and their prominent role in education on the one hand and the epidemic of coronavirus on the other hand, virtual education has played a very important role in the world education system and this examines the strategies and challenges of virtual education. Reminded. Based on this, the present article uses the field-survey method and the method of collecting data questionnaires based on the Delphi method, examines the views of experts in the field of virtual education on the role and application of cyberspace in teaching Arabic in Iran. Accordingly, the respondents of the questionnaires were selected from hardware and software experts active in the field of education, university education experts in language departments, and professors and teachers of Arabic language at the university. After presenting the two stages of the initial questionnaire and confirming its validity and reliability according to the Delphi method, in the third stage, specialized questions were designed in three areas of necessary skills, required support and intelligent educational activities, which were presented in the form of the final questionnaire. The answers received were analyzed by SPSS16 software and the mean sample T-test; The results show the fact that the most important challenge in the virtual education of the Arabic language in Iran is not to look at this issue independently and separately, and therefore the most important needs in this field have been neglected. This independent view, along with benefiting from the experience of Arabic-speaking countries in the field of virtual teaching of the Arabic language and training of experts in the fields of hardware, software and education, can lead to the flourishing and vitality of virtual Arabic teaching. Creating a software platform common to all the organizations active in the field of virtual teaching of Arabic in Iran can be very useful in this regard.

In the classical period, realist novels are often written based on descriptions of reality and out-of-mind issues; but with the collapse of traditional narrative styles, after the advent of modernism and the great growth of human mental problems in modern societies, novelists have focused more on portraying mental problems and depicting the inner concerns of fictional characters. relying on a descriptive-analytical method, the present article tries to discover the components of modernism in the novel "Love in Exile " by the Egyptian novelist Bahaa Taher (1935). the most important feature of this novel, which was recognized as a necessity of research, addressing social issues with an emotional and intrinsic approach. the results of the research indicate that the author tries to show the narrator's inner struggles in a modernist way through long monologues; therefore, real world issues are vaguely described in this novel and instead this narrative work consciously has modernist components, so that the logical order of the events of the story is disturbed and the reader is confused in understanding the events of the story and the author's use of poetic structures in the story causes the lyrical and emotional aspects of the story to prevail over realism.

Typology seeks to organize phenomena into a coherent set by presuming specific criteria. Albert Brimo describes method-based typology, which is based on one method and, in practice, offers a specific typology on three different grounds. One of the foundations he emphasizes is functionalist typology. For this purpose, the present study, using typology based on the Brimo method, seeks to answer the question: what is the use of interpretive hadiths in the interpretation of Majma 'alBayan, and their statistical distribution in this type of interpretation? The research method is descriptive-explanatory-analytical, and the tools for collecting data are the volumes of Majma 'al-Bayan and all written and electronic sources with typological topics and analysis and study of interpretive narrations. In this regard, all interpretive narratives of Majma 'al-Bayan were classified based on functionalist typology. Functionalist typology, which determines the type of services of hadiths related to the Qur'an, includes cognitive, literary-lexical, explanatory, and constitutive-legislative functions. The present study's findings showed that 2385 interpretive narratives were located under the four functions, twelve main types, and thirty-four sub-types. Narratives with explanatory function, with 65%, had the highest number; the Cognitive function was 27%, the literary function was 5%, and the constitutive-legislative function was 3%. The research results indicate the classification and order of narrations in the interpretation of Majma 'al-Bayan. The explanatory role of interpretive narratives is more evident than other functions, which were examined and presented in line with the view of the interpreter of Majma' al-Bayyan.

Despite the various definitions of poetry and its features, there has been no disagreement that poetry is a creation based on language that is perceived through reading and listening. However with the far-reaching effects of modernism in various fields, including literature, a new current in poetry emerged that transformed it from a readable-audible achievement to a visual achievement. With the spread of visual poetry called "Concrete" in Europe, poets from other countries became interested in it. Similarly, in Arabic, Persian and Kurdish poetry, especially in some periods, making such poems, with the names of "visual poetry", "Geometric poetry", "Shaped poetry ", "NaqaSher", "SherNegare" and e.tc became popular. In this research, which has been prepared in a descriptive-analytical method, based on library resources and with the aim of finding the roots and studying visualization in Arabic, Persian and Kurdish poetry, first visual poetry is defined and then this poetic current is examined in these three language’s poetry. The results show that in Islamic-Iranian rhetoric and poetry and in literary ornaments such as "Movashah", examples of the early experiences of visual poetry can founded; but the prevalence of visual poetry in the contemporary period has been influenced by European literature. However, Arab, Iranian, and Kurdish poets have succeeded in creating outstanding examples of visual poetry by incorporating regional culture and biological experiences.

Barid al-layl the novel of selected of International Prize for Arabic Fiction, narrative of discomposure and conflicts of neurotic characters during civil war of Lebanon and forced immigrations get many psychosis. Hoda Barakat could show well inter action and intra action and psychological feedback of people of her society in this novel. This manner of creation of characters explain the necessity of doing an analysis with psychological approach. This research did by analyzing content method, we want to use this method and by looking into theory of Schema Therapy of Jeffrey Young disclose causes of creation Early maladaptive schemas into three characters of this novel and we examine their exit strategies from these schemas. The research results indicate that the lack of efficient patterns in the lives of these characters has led to the formation of early maladaptive schemas in them. The despair and helplessness of these characters against unconditional schemas of Subjugation and abuse and dependence leads them to resort to conditional schemas of subjugation and slef-sacrifice. Finally all these characters to face these schemas have turned to Extreme Schema Compensation.