نشریه مدیریت ورزشی
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 58، پاییز 1401)

The aim of this Research was to design a model for relationship between green marketing mix and Customer behavior of winter sports.

The research method was survey and descriptive. The statistical population included 240 persons who were athletes and employees in ski center office, and sport tourisms in Ski slopes. Sampling method was random classification and for data analyzing SEM method using AMOS 22 and SPSS 21 software were utilized. Index values in model were in acceptable range and model was confirmed.

In this structural model, the findings showed that the appropriate indices of the measurement models and the structural model are at an optimal level, so the collected data was suitable for the research model.The four variables consisted of "green price", "green product", "green place" and "promotion" for green marketing: considering that these four variables have a positive and significant effect on customer behavior, so green marketing also affects customer behavior and the main hypothesis was confirmed.

Iran has a lot of strengths and potentials in natural sources and environment. Environmental protection is done by people who are eager to implement green marketing   and environmental programs. Therefore, it is necessary to get more information and knowledge in the field of environmental protection development and green marketing. we need to get information and awareness and provide grounds for the participation of the general public in these matters. The present paper has implications for managers of service and ski industrial corporations and marketing and sport management researchers.

retirement is a potentially challenging issue in aging that has different effects on different aspects of elderly peoples lives. The purpose of this research was to develop a framework for sports managers' unwillingness to retirement.

The research is of an applied nature, and the method covered is qualitative. In terms of strategy, this research is supported by a data-based theory, and the study of theoretical foundations, as well as interviews, were sources required for its data collection. The statistical population includes retired managers (heads of Ministry of Sports and Youth, federation presidents, coaches, heads of sport teams), professors (Physical Education, Psychology, Sociology, Economics), and sports specialists (Ministry of Sports, sports federations, sports boards). Samples were chosen considering the target and quota for in-depth and exploratory interviews, and interviews with 25 people reached theoretical saturation point. The implementation of the interviews on Maxqda qualitative data analysis software, while performing open, axial and selective coding, led to extraction of some codes.

Based on the results from 224 open codes with 20 main categories and 58 sub-categories provided a paradigmatic model.

the factors of unwillingness to retirement were divided into political, social, managerial and economic conditions, and identity crisis.The results indicate that identity, social, political, managerial and economic recovery strategies can facilitate the acceptance and transition to safe and comfortable retirement age for sport managers. Moreover, sports organizations can provide useful services such as training courses and consulting services for sports managers to prepare them for safe and comfortable retirement.The implementation of the interviews on Maxqda qualitative data analysis software, while performing open, axial and selective coding, led to extraction of some codes. Based on the results from 224 open codes with 20 main categories and 58 sub-categories, providing a paradigmatic model, the factors of unwillingness to retirement were divided into political, social, individual, managerial and economic.The results indicate that individual, social, political, managerial and economic strategies can facilitate the acceptance and transition to safe and comfortable retirement age for sport managers.

The aim of research was to present a paradigm model to develop the professional ethics of schools’ physical education teachers. 

This research was executed by qualitative method with systematic grounded theory (GT) approach. The population included the experienced professors in the field of study research who wereselected by using the snowball sampling method. The tools and methods for collecting the data were personal semi-structured interviews; and the interviews continued till the theoretical saturation point (13 interviews). To analyze the data, the systematic approach with three main steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding was applied. 

During the open coding process, in total, 506 conceptual codes were obtained without considering the overlaps. In the next step, 74 common concepts formed 16 categories on the basis of overlaps and similarities. At last, in the axial and selective coding stages, the paradigm model of professional ethics among the physical education teachers was explained and outlines focusing on the central category of personal and organizational development were drawn. 

Investigating the situation, status and offering of professional ethics indicators in education system and its teachers can help the policy-makers, managers and planners to make the appropriate decisions for filling the gap between the current status and desired status of teachers’ professional ethics. Within this path and in the present study, causative conditions, strategies, grounds, intervening conditions and the consequences were explained separately.

The overall objective of the present study was to estimate the economic value of Persepolis football club from its fans point of view in Iran.

The present study is a descriptive-analytic one that is applied research. The statistical population included Persepolis football club fans all over Iran. The sample size was 506  people according to the table of Mitchell and Carson. To this end, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed to determine the fans’ willingness to pay for Persepolis Club for the goods and benefits produced by the club and also identify the factors affecting their willingness to pay. Then, The rank ordered probit (ROP) model  was used for data analysis.

The results showed that 77.3% of the fans are willing to participate in funding for Persepolis at competitive levels; and for willingness to pay for Persepolis fans to attend and win the Premier League the values were 70% and 72.3% respectively. The values for Iranian Hazfi Cup and the AFC Champions League were 71.9% and 78.1%, respectively. 89.9 percent of Persepolis football club intended to buy the match tickets and attend the stadiums, 83.8 percent wanted to watch  their favorite team matches on TV  and 43.5 percent  purchase  the club's products/kits.

the fans willingness to pay indicated that the presence of Persepolis football team in the high competitive levels of Iran's domestic Premier League has had a positive impact on their well-being, in other words the intend to support their favorite team.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the strategical marketing of women's fitness clubs in Tehran

The research method was descriptive-analytical. The statistical population consisted of sport management and marketing professors, sport club managers and experts. The sample was selected by convenience sampling method; so, 43 persons were selected. Research tools included library study, interview, questionnaires and Delphi method. Content validity of the instruments was evaluated by experts and its reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha method.

SWOT method was used to analyze the findings. Then, 57 strategic components identified under the terms of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. These components were categorized into seven perspectives: marketing services and market information, sports business environment, business environment changes, sports environment changes, club marketing management capability, resource and system capability and customer and market interaction. Most components were related to empowerment perspectives in marketing information, resources, processes and services (11 components) and threats (15 components). The evaluation matrix showed that the strategic position was in the area of stability (close to growth).

This identifying position indicates that despite the various problems, the strategic marketing system of fitness clubs needs to achieve relative stability and be on the growth path.

The purpose of this study was to predict the market value of professional football players in the Iranian Premier League in the 2020-2021 season of Iranian football.

The present research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the present study included all Iranian and foreign players working in the Premier Football League of Iran, which was a total of 409 people. The appropriate sample size for the research was calculated to be 200 people based on the sampling formula from the limited population. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis and multiple regression method was used for inferential analysis. 

The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between player valuation and age variables, goalkeeper position, midfielder position, striker position, individual awards, foot position and his appearances for a team.

Therefore, it can be concluded that when evaluating, the mentioned factors should be considered to attract the desired players of the clubs in the transfer seasons. In general, it can be acknowledged that the estimated coefficients of this model have the necessary efficiency to determine the market value of professional football players in the Iranian Premier League. According to this study, it is suggested that the factors affecting the evaluation of Iranian Premier League players, including the nationality of foreign players, the popularity of Iranian football players and finally individual skills, by relevant evaluating models, the necessary research be conducted.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the pricing of Iranian fitness equipment.

Accordingly, the research was carried out qualitatively and in order to advance the research objectives, the data of the foundation theory was used. The method is based on a different approach, exploratory research, and conducted a continuous comparative analysis approach in the framework of three stages open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. In order to achieve the research goals, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the fitness equipment wholesalers. Then, the text of the interviews was entered into MaxQDA software and analyzed. Also, snowball sampling was used. In the quantitative section of the questionnaire, which was completed by 263 owners of the store, it was analyzed using structural equation modeling in Amos and SPSS 23, and it was found that the research model has a suitable fit.

Using three stages of coding, at first, 46 extension codes were extracted, and then these concepts were categorized into 16; finally, in the selective coding stage, four major domains were identified in the pricing of fitness equipment including: Competitive product capability, consumer behavior, competitors and environmental factors. As can be seen, in the market for fitness equipment, these four factors have been able to decisively determine the success of pricing policies.

Therefore, manufacturers should consider these factors and related categories in their pricing policies as their guideline to achieve higher sales and ultimately the boom in the equipment industry.

Providing access to comprehensive tourism information is one of the major challenges. Undoubtedly, the most important factor accelerating tourism is the use of information technology, access, storage, and retrieval of information in the tourism distribution system. Therefore, the present study aimed to design a smart tourism model in the sports industry.

The present study is based on the purpose of basic research and is exploratory in terms of data collection. The data collection tool was a semi-structured in-depth interview. The statistical population included university professors who were familiar with the subject of tourism as well as tourism executives, and a targeted sampling method with the snowball technique was used. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding, and the final pattern was extracted.

The final model consists of a set of central categories, causal conditions, necessary contexts, intervening variables, strategies, and consequences of smart tourism for the sports industry.

In general, it can be said that the use of digital tools will bring countless benefits to businesses and activists in the sports tourism industry. Including the development of tourism to reduce reliance on oil and exit the mono-product economy. Also, the sports tourism industry with its unique value chain on the one hand is faced with digitally transformed tourists and on the other hand with basic spaces such as the origin of travel, travel route, tourist destination, and its external environment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of experiential values in sports tourism destination branding.

The research method was descriptive-correlational. To this end, 245 sports tourists who had chosen Iran as a sports tourism destination, completed questionnaires of Ahn et al. (2019) about experimental value, Andersen et al. (2018) about destination brand image, and Sharma and Nayak (2019) about behavioral intentions. The data analysis method was the modeling of structural equations using Smart PLS software version 3.

The findings indicated that experiential values, including consumer return on investment, service excellence, aesthetic and entertainment, can significantly affect the destination image and that the image of the sports tourism destination can subsequently affect the behavioral intentions of sports tourists about Iran as a sports tourism destination.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that if Iran, as a sports tourism destination, seeks to increase its share of the global sports tourism market, four dimensions of experimental values should be considered as one of the important factors in sports tourism destination branding.

Recently, the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach to understand the field of entrepreneurship has received Introduction Recently, the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach to understand the field of entrepreneurship has received much attention. There are various elements to create entrepreneurial ecosystems for the development of the sports industry, so the purpose of this article was to classify the elements of the ecosystem of sports entrepreneurship.

quantitative research data analysis was done by performing Q-type exploratory factor analysis using SPSS software. In the qualitative part of the research, 58 expressions were extracted, and the experts were asked to specify their importance from 1 to 9 in the form of a questionnaire.

The results showed that the mental patterns of experts from the ecosystem of sports entrepreneurship have five dimensions including politics, support, culture, capital and market or customers. The statistical distribution analysis showed that five distinct mental patterns can be identified among the research participants about the realm of sports entrepreneurship ecosystem, which explains about 86.61% of the total variance.

The sports industry is a complex network of people, groups and organizations that affects the ecosystem of sports entrepreneurship. Based on the mentality of the participants in the realm of sports governance, components such as explicit government support, legal incentives, tax concessions, and the creation of sports infrastructure play important roles in development of the realm of sports entrepreneurship ecosystem.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effective indicators on service pricing in fitness and aerobic sports clubs in Mashhad.

The research method was correlational and chronological and its data were collected by a questionnaire. The questionnaire based on the research of Nazari and Dastar (2018) and Zilk (2009-2012) was used to determine the factors affecting pricing in the form of 31 questions. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical software in two parts: descriptive and inferential. For this SPSS 22, Excel 2010 and Amos software were used.

The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that eight factors, characteristics and structure of the club, social functions, personal characteristics of sales, service quality, sales policies, pricing and advertising strategies, customer management and competitors' affiliates were identified and approved. The identified factors, in total, explained 65.96% of the variance, and the average score of all pricing components indicates a favorable relative status. According to the share of variance for each of the extracted factors, the characteristics and structure of the club, social functions, personal characteristics of the customer and the service quality, respectively, had the highest priority.

Considering the findings, paying attention to pricing determinants, such as the characteristics and structure of the club can have a positive effect on customer attraction in fitness and aerobics clubs, and in addition to developing sales policies, lead to optimal management of customer needs.

Today, the valuation of sport events has become one of the most popular fields of research in the world and the purpose of this study was economic valuation of with Chookheh wrestling sport event.

This study was applied in terms of objectives and a descriptive survey in terms of data collection which was conducted as a field study. The research population in choice experiment section consisted of all residents of the city of Esfarayen, directors, deputies and experts from the Sports and Youth General Directorates of Northern Khorasan Province, The Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism General Directorates of Northern Khorasan Province, Sports and Youth Offices in Northern Khorasan Province, Wrestling Committees of Northern Khorasan Province, Rural Sports and Local Native Games Committees in Northern Khorasan Province, totally 270 person were randomly selected as the sample. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the demographic characteristics and conditional logit model was used to analyze the data and STATA15 software was used to analyze the data.

The results of the choice experiment showed that the highest willingness to pay for environmental problems (50726 Tomans), improving the image of the tourist destination (49889 Tomans), strengthening moral and spiritual values (48082 Tomans), social problems (34480 Tomans), Political-institutional linkage (10902 Tomans), growth and development of tourism (9804 Tomans) and economic growth and development and infrastructure (6259 Tomans).

The findings showed that many attributes play different roles in determining the economic valuation of a with Chookheh wrestling sport event that the officials and organizers of this event need to pay special attention to these items.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of personality in the purchase intention of sport consumers.

This is an applied, descriptive research and contemporary in terms of time. Based on Cochran's formula, 350 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method among the physical education students in the central provinces of Iran (Isfahan, Yazd, Semnan and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari) who answered four questionnaires: Openness to Experience, Fantasy-Proneness, Visual Processing Style and Purchase Intention (with approved validity and acceptable reliability). The data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive and inferential with the method of structural equation modeling and the proposed research model.

The results showed that the relationship between openness to experience and visual processing style with the purchase intention was significant, but there was no significant relationship with the fantasy-proneness

This study showed that personality variables are important factors for consumer research and their potential roles need more attention of researchers and sport marketers. Therefore, managers and those involved in sports markets can take steps to predict the behavior of consumers, how to lead and dominate the market by examining and understanding the personality nature of their customers.Keywords:Fantasy-Proneness, Openness to Experience, Purchase Intention, Sport Consumer, Visual Processing Style,

The purpose of this study was to determine development strategies of sport digital economy in Iran.

This research was a qualitative research in terms of data collection method, which was conducted by grounded theory method and systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, and a semi-structured qualitative interview was used to collect data. The statistical population of the study included the scientific and executive elites who had experience in the fields of economics, technology, IT, e-commerce, digital businesses and digital economy and a total of 21 interviews were conducted. For data analysis, three stages of open, axial and selective coding were used as 31 open codes were obtained in five categories.

Using new digital media in sport, smartening of sports services and processes, employing skilled staff in the field of information technology in sports, designing sport platforms and applications, supporting sports entrepreneurs and startups were strategies for developing digital economy of sports in Iran.

Due to the fact that today the market environment has changed from its traditional form to digitalization, therefore, organizations, federations, clubs and sports-related jobs must implement the proposed strategies according to their circumstances

In the fast-paced global process, media and communication technologies have progressed at an unimaginable speed and have brought all levels of human activities under their control. Based on this the aim of current research was identification of the roles of the media on development of sports with the meta synthesis method.

In this study the researchers analyzed the results and findings of previous studies by applying the systematic and meta-senthesis method and performing the seven steps of the Sandusky and Rousseau method a conceptual model of the role of the media on the development of sports has been presented. The statistical population was all the studies conducted in the period from 2002 to 2020; in this regard, 196 articles were evaluated in the desired field and finally 45 articles were selected purposefully.

Using content analysis and based on three-stage coding, a total of 138 codes, 28 concepts and 9 key categories were identified and their validity was confirmed through Kaufman's Kappa test.

Data analysis showed that the categories of social belonging, interactivity, innovation and development, dynamic public relations, institutionalization of sports, highlighting of sports, development of information society, media information and education, and entertainment and advertising have roles on development of sports.

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of active spots boards in Mazandaran province using the BCC model.

From the paradigm perspective, the present study is a meta-proof research, quantitative approach, in terms of applied purpose and technique used in data envelopment analysis. The statistical population of this study included 30 active boards in Mazandaran province. The instrument used was a five-valued questionnaire and evaluated in the form of a fuzzy method. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were approved by the focus group of the research, including supervisors and consultants and two experts in the field of sports management in the form of CVR and CVI.

Finally, experts including 30 heads of sports delegations of Mazandaran province, international coaches of the province and sports champions of the country commented on the importance of each of the input and output indicators. In the years 2016 to 2020 in the BCC model of "budget" input, played a greater role in determining the efficiency of staffs.

The results showed that in 2016, 2017 and 2018, the output of "championship sports" played a greater role in determining the efficiency of the staffs. In 2019 and 1398, the output of "public sports" had a greater role in the efficiency of the staffs. By eliminating these outputs, the average efficiency of staffs had been further reduced. Also, the results of Pearson correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between staffs outputs and staffs BCC efficiency

The purpose of the present study was ddesigning a model for Resistive Economy in Collegiate Sports of Iran.

This descriptive research method was in terms of practical type and in terms of survey implementation. The statistical population of the present study included all members of sport scientific committee, economics departments of the universities, the directors of the physical education of the universities, the general administration of the “Ministry of Science”, university physical education experts, experts in the field of economics who are familiar with the research topic that was based on the random stratified sampling method. 364 people were selected as the sample. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose formal validity and content were confirmed by a group of professional professors. Cronbach's alpha method was used to calculate the reliability of the instrument (α=0.98). In order to analyze the data, the confirmatory factor analysis method and LISREL software were used.

Also, the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that overall indices of structural model were in good condition, thus obtained 68 questions questionnaire was an appropriate scale for measuring resistive economy in collegiate Sport.

According to the research findings, a model was designed that can be used to develop the country's college sport

The outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic, in the form of a wild card, has led sports authorities in the world to face with the most critical conditions.

Since college sports have multiple trustees, key actors and beneficiaries, this study aimed to investigate the extent of the susceptibility and effectiveness of the key actors on each other, as well as identifying the position of each actor towards the goals related to the Covid -19 pandemic. MACTOR futures studies software, was used to achieve the objective of the present research, appropriate scenarios and strategies were reported. To do this, 12 sports management experts were selected purposefully, they completed the actor-actor and actor-goal matrices.

The findings of the present study revealed that, there is the greatest convergence towards the set goals between FISU, MSRT, and MSY.

Finally, it was suggested to create virtual platforms as basic solutions, for motor habituation behaviors as well as the use of relatively new podcast technology for sustainable physical activity and development through sports education during the Covid-19 pandemic period for students as practical strategies

The current research aimed at identifying the principles of good governance and providing a conceptual model in the Athletics Federation of Iran.

This qualitative research, with emergent approach (Glaserian), sought to identify the principles of governance, discover contributors' concerns, solve basic problems and finally present a conceptual model in the athletics society of Iran. The research sample included all the stakeholders in the Athletics Federation, for this purpose, 23 well-known experts in the field of governance selected by targeted and snowball selection for deep and unstructured interviews. The data were analyzed simultaneously using a set of encodings. 14 of the participants assessed and confirmed the validity and reliability of the research findings.

The results showed that the most important concerns of the participants are classified in four categories: underlying factors, phenomenon, strategy and consequences. In this study, "The role of law and rule of law", one of the priciples of good governance, was the central issue of the research. Within the framework of this principle, the basic social process has been shaped by the strategy of moving toward the “rule of law’’.

The observance of good governance principles in the Athletics Federation will have consequences such as effectiveness, efficiency and accountability.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Role of coaches' leadership styles and development of social culture in Kerman province women's futsal Super League.

Research method was descriptive- correlation and was carried out based on a field study approach. The statistical population consisted of all players who contributed in women`s Futsal Super League and kerman provincial league in the season 2019-2020 (N=126). The whole population members contributed as a statistical sample in the current research. 103 Questionnaires were returned and data were analyzed from total  of 120. To collect data, a questionnaire leadership scale in Cheladori (1980), and miryousefi et al development of social culture questionnaire (2015) were utilized.

The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that only the leadership styles of the social support behavior and autocratic were capable of anticipating development of social culture within the five-leadership styles.

Based on the underlying results of the current research, it is suggested that the women`s Futsal coaches of the country choose the appropriate leadership styles with respect to the players` personal characteristics as well as team conditions in order to properly control the development of social culture. Further, it is recommended that the coaches pay attention not only to the players` physical preparation, but also to the player’s social and moral factors and no athlete could be successful when he/she has not a cognizant and competent coach.