نشریه طب کار
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 48، پاییز 1401)

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders occur predominantly in the upper limbs and cause disability. When is it comes to the perception of people as for their abilities, Questionnaires are useful and valuable tools. Questionnaires can be used to measure the symptoms of disease and disability. We decided to evaluate correlation result of NORDIC questionnaire (wrist & hand) with DASH questionnaire in the female assembly workers.

The study was a descriptive -analytic and cross-sectional one and was carried out among 82 female assembly workers. In order to evaluate the correlation result of NORDIC questionnaire (wrist & hand) with DASH questionnaire, by chi squire and spearman have been used. Data analysis was carried out by using SPSS 20. It is noteworthy to mention that P value <0.05 was considered significant.

In this study, the results of the DASH questionnaire with the studied variables were similar to the results of the NORDIC questionnaire (wrist & hand). Moreover, in the majority of questions, there was a significant relationship between the two questionnaires (P value <0.05). The average score of DASH was obtained 19.65 ± 14.85 and 65.9% of the people had a mild upper limb. Moreover, 76.8% of the participants had distress in the wrists area, among which, 46.3% had a mild discomfort.

According to the results the DASH questionnaire is a useful tool for industrial and occupational issues. Therefore, due to the high relationship between two questionnaires, the DASH questionnaire could be used instead of the Nordic Questionnaire (Wrist and Hand).

Lead is a toxic metal that is found in the earth's crust and has been used by humans since 7000 years ago due to its density, malleability, high resistance and low melting point. The wide use of this metal in the industry, in addition to the exposure of workers, has led to widespread environmental pollution and public health problems in many parts of the world. Due to the widespread use of lead in various occupations and the importance of its complications, the treatment of workers with symptoms of exposure to this substance has been of particular importance in the occupational medicine and occupational health of countries, therefore, in this article, it was reviewed the approach to the symptoms caused by lead exposure inworkers with lead poisoning.

In this study, with the aim of investigating the available treatments to control complications caused by exposure to lead in the workplace, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus databases from 1980 to 2021, as well as CDC, ACOEM, OSHA, WHO and ATSDR guidelines with the method Thematic search was reviewed. The number of 19 articles and 5 instructions were selected and used in writing this article.

The investigations showed that it is necessary to pay attention to different body systems and perform additional measures in case of suspicion of lead poisoning in periodical evaluations of those working in contact with lead.

In addition to the treatment of existing complications and chelatotherapy, the workers diagnosed with lead poisoning should be given the necessary training to reduce exposure to lead.

The workplace is one of the most significant environments where people spend most of their time. Lack of acoustic comfort is one of the most important factors that threatens the health and well-being of employees in these workplaces every day. The purpose of this study, while identifying the symptoms caused by noise problems among employees, is to identify the main parameters and to investigate the role of architecture in the expansion of unhealthy workplaces.

The current study was conducted among the employees of three administrative buildings in Urmia city (Road and Urban Development, Construction Engineering Organization and Airport) and a sample size of 226 out of 309 employees was surveyed based on Morgan's table. The required data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and Friedman test by SPSS-25 software.

The average ranks of the symptoms showed that fatigue (4.62), hearing problems (6.05), headache (6.30), muscle pains (7.01), high stress (8.41), quick anger (8.55) and distraction and poor concentration (8.58), were among the most important symptoms caused by noise among employees. Also, disturbances caused by other people's conversations (59.22%) and overcrowding and lack of individual speech privacy (41.99%) were among the most important parameters, having frequent complaints about noise.

The results of the investigation indicated that the inefficient environment design and lack of spaces flexibility, inappropriate placement and lack of acoustic insulation of surfaces inside noisy uses, high environment density and lack of sufficient space for employees, lack of installation systems maintenance, were among the most important reasons for frequent complaints about noise.

Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the main problems of industries and administrative jobs, which are caused by various factors. The study aimed to determine the role of each individual, physical, psychosocial, and environmental factors in causing musculoskeletal disorders; Identifying and controlling risk factors, is an important step in reducing and preventing these disorders.

The present study is a cross-sectional study of 342 employees working in different government offices in Saveh city in 2021. In this study, the Nordic summary questionnaire and ROSA checklist were used to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Also, to investigate individual and psychosocial factors of the work environment, a personal information questionnaire and a general Nordic questionnaire were used. In addition, the evaluation of conditions of work environment was done by Hagner model E1 lux meter devices, TIS10 model thermal stress measuring device, and TES1358 sound meter. Finally, all the resulting data were entered into SPSS software and tested after coding.

The results showed that body mass index and gender have a significant effect on suffering from musculoskeletal disorders (p-value<0.05). The results of the Pearson correlation test indicated that there is a significant relationship between the report of pain or discomfort in the neck area with the screen-phone risk score, wrist/hand with the keyboard-mouse risk score, as well as shoulder, upper back, elbow and lower back with the chair risk score. p-value <0.05). In addition, there is a significant relationship between the report of pain or discomfort in the neck, shoulder, and wrist/hand areas with the overall ROSA score. Also, there is a significant difference between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and levels of job demands, levels of job control, levels of social interactions, levels of leadership, levels of the organizational atmosphere, levels of job satisfaction, and levels of stress (p-value<0.05).

The results of this study showed that several factors play a role in musculoskeletal disorders, such as job requirements, social interactions, and stress in the group of psychosocial factors that had considerable importance in causing musculoskeletal disorders. Among the individual factors, gender and body mass index (BMI) is important, and among the workstation factors, the chair has played a significant role in causing musculoskeletal disorders.

Overhead cranes play a vital role in guiding steel industries and maintaining their normal condition. These machines are operated by humans and pose a great risk of accidents that may occur due to mistakes made by operators. According to the mentioned contents, the non-negligible effects of noise on the physical and mental health of people in the work environment, the complexity and sensitivity of overhead crane operators, as well as the serious injuries caused by the error of this task, this study aimed at the effect of exposure to noise on mental workload, noise sensitivity and general and mental health of overhead crane operators in one of the steel industries in southern Iran.

This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the worker's exposure to the sound level was carefully evaluated. In this way, the sound pressure leveling was done during the operator's duty and in the crane cabin according to the recommendation of ISO 9612. In the second phase of the research, after determining the level of exposure of overhead crane operators to noise, noise sensitivity questionnaires, mental assessment of exposure to noise conditions, and general health questionnaires were distributed and subjected to statistical analysis. Statistical analysis of data was done using SPSS version 22 software. Using a one-way analysis of variance, independent t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient, the relationship between different factors was investigated. In this study, a significance level of 5% was considered.

The average equivalent level of exposure of overhead crane operators for 8 hours is 76.4 dB and the maximum and minimum equivalent levels of 8-hour exposure, respectively; 84 and 68.2 dB were obtained. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables of gender, marital status, and working hours with noise sensitivity and the variables of gender, education, a mental crisis in the last month and second job with mental load, and the variable of mental crisis in the last month with general health (P<0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between noise sensitivity, mental load, and general health with sound. The results showed, there is no significant relationship between noise sensitivity, mental load, and general health with sound (P> 0.05). There is a negative or inverse relationship between noise sensitivity and general sound health. This means that with the increase in volume, sensitivity to sound and general health will decrease and vice versa.

The results of this research can provide the necessary platform to improve the working conditions of overhead crane operators to prevent the occurrence of inconveniences and problems of inaudible noise in values ​​less than 85 dB.

World Health Organization information shows that a sedentary lifestyle is one of the ten major causes of death and disability. Therefore this study aimed research the role of physical activity and occupational status on blood factors, fat profile, and liver enzymes

This study was of a causal-comparative type. Ninety four workers of operational and non-operational positions of tile factories who had the conditions to participate in the study were selected based on the available sampling method and voluntarily. By examining Beck's questionnaires, the participants were divided into active and inactive groups. Among the participants, 44 people formed as active group (20 operational and 24 non-operational) and 50 as inactive group (27 operational and 23 non-operational). After 12 hours of fasting, ten milliliters of venous blood were collected from the workers to investigate the biochemical variables of blood factors, fat profile, and liver enzymes performed in the medical laboratory of Meibod city. In this research, a one-way analysis of the variance model and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the data and analyzed through SPSS23 software.

The current research showed that the difference in mean cholesterol, triglyceride, hematocrit, and ALP was significant among the active, inactive, operative, and non-operative groups. The results showed that there was a decrease in cholesterol, triglyceride, hematocrit, and ALP in the active group compared to the inactive, operative, and non-operative groups, and these changes were significant.

According to the research results, physical activity can affect variables, and job position (operational and non-operational) cannot affect fat profile, blood factors, and liver enzymes.

Shift work is one of the social phenomena that has its roots in the history of human origin and still exists today for economic and technological reasons. Due to the complications of shift work, the present study was conducted to investigate job fatigue, quality of life, and sleep of shift staff working in Ilam Electric Distribution Company.

In this descriptive-analytical study, all shift workers of Ilam Electric Distribution Company were selected. Data collection tools included the Swedish Job Exhaustion Questionnaire, Quality of Life (SF-36), the Insomnia Assessment Questionnaire, and the Survey of shift workers (SOS). SPSS software version 26 was used to analyze data using independent sample T-Test, One-way ANOVA, and Chi-square tests. 

Pearson correlation test showed that there was a direct and positive correlation between age and physical function (r = 0.439; p = 0.022), smoking and sleep problems (r = 0.528; p = 0.006), and education and limitation of the role of emotional problems (r = 0.382; p = 0.049). Also, the was a significant indirect correlation was found between age and physical role limitation (r = - 0.501; p = 0.008), shift work with satisfaction with individual life (p <0.045), social life (p <0.038), family life (p <0.023) and family dissatisfaction.

shift working has adverse effects on family satisfaction, circadian rhythms, digestive performance, and mental health. It is suggested that managers be more careful about working hours, work shifts, and rest times.

By evaluating the level of resilience engineering and resilience engineering combined with safety, health, and environment, the priorities of medical centers to face crises are determined. Therefore, this study aimed to implement a risk assessment model with a checklist designed in a fuzzy environment.

This cross-sectional study, in 2014, in two Faraja hospitals in Iran, using two risk assessment forms including seven resilience indicators (24 sub-indices) and three integrated resilience indicators with safety, health, and environment (8 sub-index) was done that the final risk level in each index was calculated with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers in the fuzzy environment and multiplied by the weight of each expert. Based on this, the priorities of each hospital were determined.

In the evaluation results, it was found that in the first hospital, management commitment and transparency, and in the second hospital, flexibility are the main priorities. In both hospitals, management commitment in HSE, knowledge in HSE, and learning culture in HSE were RE-HSE priorities, respectively.

Based on these results, it is suggested to focus on all the parameters, especially the parameters related to management commitment indicators, transparency and flexibility in RE, and management commitment in HSE.