فصلنامه پژوهش های راهبردی سیاست
پیاپی 42 (پاییز 1401)

The socio-political structures of villages in Iran have transformed. The scope and depth of these Transformations are such that the current socio-political environment of the villages is different from the past. This issue makes it necessary to conduct new research about the rural society of Iran. Considering that most of these transformations occurred after the Islamic revolution, we raise our question as follows: This research seeks to answer the question, what transformations did the village in Iran go through after the revolution? This study deals with the why and how of these transformations and their consequences by benefiting from the approach of historical sociology and the use of library data and observation. The result of the research shows changes such as transformation in social structure, transformation in stratification in villages, transformation in rural lifestyle, increase in the level of literacy and its consequences, transformation in communication and mediazation of villages, transformation in land ownership in villages, moving towards a semi-commercial economy, change in social hierarchies, change from passive participation to independent and demanding political participation, increasing role of kinship loyalties in local political participation, predominance of religious and linguistic affiliations in the voting behavior of villagers, spread of citizenship system to villages.

The contemporary history of Khuzestan province is intertwined with issues such as ethnic segregation, security problems and some crimes and socio-political anomalies due to some economic, environmental, cultural and domestic problems as well as foreign historical interventions. The persistence of these internal problems, as well as the media propaganda of the Arab and trans-regional countries, has provoked the ethnic protesters, which has provided the ground for linking the thoughts of the ethnocentrists with the ideas of Wahhabism and Takfiri in parts of this province. The main aim of this research was to identify effective components in tendency of Shiite-youth towards Salafi-Takfiri thoughts in some parts of Khuzestan province. The research was a qualitative approach, conducting based on Grounded theory. Statistical population included people oriented to these thoughts and informed pundits who were purposefully selected. The results were obtained after17 deep interviews. Then, relying on a systematic data-based approach and open coding process, pivotal and selective, the paradigm model of the research was realized. The results and findings of the study indicated that cultural, economic, media, geographical and external components have played a major role and psychological and political components have played a facilitating role in the tendency of young people to these thoughts.

Cities are a source of creativity and technology and engines for economic growth. cities are also a source of poverty, inequality and environmental health risks. In this study, the coronavirus environmental crisis that humanity is currently suffering from and challenging, in terms of power relations, intervention, appropriation in the urban environment that is the result of political ecology and its effects on urban space with the structural analysis approach is examined. The present study, in terms of applied purpose, has been carried out in terms of survey method at the exploratory level and based on the future research approach. In this study, the drivers of the impact of political ecology through text-mining in valid domestic and foreign documents and the opinion of a group of experts have been investigated. by holding a joint Delphi meeting of experts, the impact of the identified propulsions on each other has been weighed and discussed. Then the position of each propellant was checked through "Mikomak" software. The results indicate that the drivers of income deficit, income inequality, marginalization and social inequality, have been identified as key effective forces of political ecology by experts that are effective in the future spread of infectious diseases in the city.

Messianism is one of the most important concepts in Judaism. The Zionist movement succeeded in establishing a Jewish state in the land of Palestine based on the changes it made to the traditional meaning of this concept. On the other hand, Messianism is the only common concept on which all the various Jewish sects agree. Accordingly, after the establishment of the Jewish state in 1948, Messianism entered into all aspects of Israeli domestic and foreign policies. Also, simultaneously with the Islamic Revolution in Iran, right-wing and religious groups came to power in Israel in 1977 after thirty years. One of the common traits of rightists is that they are Messianic; thus, the variable of Messianism in the foreign policy of Israel towards Iran became an objective factor and appeared in a hostile manner. Therefore, the present article uses the theory of constructivism, which in addition to material issues such as power, also considers immaterial variables such as religion to be important in international relations; it seeks to answer the question of how Jewish Messianism led Israel to pursue a hostile foreign policy toward the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Benyamin Netanyahu has been the main figure in the Israeli political scene for the past decade. Since he has played a major role in shaping the Israeli foreign policy in the international arena, this study seeks to examine his leadership style and personality traits as an influential and at the same time a neglected factor in the foreign policy behavior of the state of Israel. Hence, the main hypothesis is the fact that Israel’s foreign policy behavior has been more influenced by Netanyahu’s cognitive system and leadership style. The conceptual/methodological framework used in this paper is Leadership Traits Analysis (LTA) proposed by Margaret G. Hermann with a focus on the Conceptual Complexity variable in this regard. The results of this study, which itself are the quantitative content analysis of Netanyahu’s verbal material from 2009 to 2019; suggest that BIBI’s low conceptual complexity and his black and white thinking to foreign policy with high belief in ability to control events, a high desire for power, and a strong distrust to others have shaped Netanyahu’s aggressive and hawkish approach to Israeli foreign policy, which can be seen in exaggerating the Iranian threat and opposing to the idea of a Palestinian independent state.

Governments in water-based civilizations have been stronger than society due to organizational consolidation, and water and its consumption have caused water to play its essential role in shaping the socio-political relations of nations and human societies. Therefore, the main question of the research is what are the requirement of state and society interaction in Iran water governance? Findings of the research based on descriptive-analytical method show that the state in Iran due to its ability to penetrate, the ability to regulate social relations and resource allocation has made it stronger than society. Factors that strengthen the state in Iran in the field of water are: port transfer, licensing, water treatment, structural policy, pricing policy, obtaining permits for diversions, increasing population and raising living standards, agricultural and industrial growth, resolving disputes between water applicants, creating economic and socio-cultural incentives. To change water management, we need to change the behavior of state and society in the form of water governance. The strategic implication that should be considered in the interaction of the state and society in the water governance include: Sustainable Behavior Change, National Dialogue, Institutionalization and Creation Efficient and Effective Structure, holistic thinking, attention to the historical and cultural background, social learning, referential of the water governance.