نشریه جغرافیا و توسعه فضای شهری
سال نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 18، پاییز 1401)

Since the second half of the 20th century, tourism services have become one of the key factors for socio-economic progress and tourism security has been recognized as one of the most important needs of its development. Using a descriptive analytical approach, this study focused on the security of low-cost tourism lodgings (known as pilgrims' temporary houses) in Mashhad, which is one of the most significant aspects of tourism security in this city. Nineteen vulnerability components were investigated regarding three categories: land use, access, and density. To evaluate these components, 10 governmental and endowed lodgings located in Samen area of Mashhad municipality were selected and evaluated using the weighted sum technique in GIS. The results showed that the potential vulnerabilities of the pilgrim lodgings against natural and anthropogenic damages is high. The results also indicate lack of authoritis’ technical supervision over the process of identifying, constructing, and operating the pilgrim lodgings, as their situation do not comply with technical and specialized criteria of tourist facilities.

Today, cities are like a large and complex organization, where citizens are considered the main element of the organization. Organizational citizenship behavior as extra-role behavior can effectively improve the tasks and roles of organizations. Considering the importance of cities in terms of the influence of urban planning on organizational citizenship behavior, there is a need to identify the components of organizational citizenship behavior in cities. Therefore, the aim of this descriptive research is identifying and prioritizing the components. Data collection was done using library studies and 384 questionnaires. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the opinion of several experts in this field and the reliability of the questionnaire is based on Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was done using confirmatory factor analysis method and the prioritization was based on Friedman test. The results show that there is a significant correlation among the main variables including motivation, response, stimulus, reinforcement and attitude. The motivation and response variables have a higher priority among other variables, so the results indicate that, in prioritizing the behavioral components of the organizational citizenship in the urban planning system, managers and urban planners should consider citizens’ motivation of Mashhad in urban planning.

Informal settlement is a multi-dimensional and systematic phenomenon that is induced by the various mechanisms and mutual relations among hidden and visible social, economic, political and administrative actors. This study applied a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the role of influential actors in organizing the informal settlement of Islamabad neighborhood with the Mector model in Zanjan city. Data was collected through library and field methods. The statistical population includes the urban planning experts and elites in Zanjan city, of whom 25 participants were selected using the snowball sampling method. For data analysis, factor analysis approach, structural equation model, and multi-subject-multi-player model were applied using SPSS, Lisrel, and Mactor software. The results showed that 21 main factors in different dimensions have a direct impact on the organization of the informal settlement of Islam neighborhood in Zanjan city. According to the model of structural equations, the actors have the most causal relationships with the environmental index with a coefficient of 7.05 and the least relationships with the physical index with a coefficient of 3.12. According to the multi-issue-multi-player model, the main factor in the organization of informal settlements in the neighborhood of Islamabad is the triangle of relations between the municipality, the residents of the neighborhood, and local institutions, and the main focus is on the municipality. Since the micro-activists of Islamabad have low economic power to participate in construction and renovation of the area, the transcendental participatory models like the spontaneous model is not recommended for this area. Thus, it seems that models like the interactive model are better options to be used in the above range. Considering the position of the municipality in the urban activism of these neighborhoods, the provision of exclusive interests hidden in the renovation of single buildings, which fuels commercialization of land and urban housing should be prior. Moreover, the government and public sector institutions such as the municipality and neglecting their obligations towards these neighborhoods, in addition to inducing and aggravating wear and tear, will cause more in formalization of the space.

Like most people in Iran, the citizens of the city of Yasuj are elderly. According to the Statistics Center of Iran (2016), out of the total population of Yasuj (n= 134532), 5362 people are elderly which makes up about 3.98 percent of its citizens. Currently, few facilities, arrangements, and welfare services have been considered for this group in Yasuj which has caused their deprivation from urban spaces and different communities. Hence, this study tried to investigate and analyze the indicators of a desirable city for the elderly in case of Yasuj, and answer the questions “whether the needs of this section of society have been met in the planning and design of the city?” and “which index has received the greatest attention in final evaluation of the indicators of the desirable city for the elderly in Yasuj?” The data collection includes library and field studies. To analyze the indicators of the desirable city for the elderly in Yasuj, the required data were first collected using a questionnaire, and then, the subject was studied using statistical analysis models in SPSS including one-sample t-test and multivariate regression analysis. Moreover, to investigate the validity of the components evaluated in this study, the exploratory factor analysis model was used. The statistical population of the study consists of all residents (aging  60 years) in the city of Yasuj. Later, using Cochran's formula, 380 people were selected through simple random sampling. To evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, so that based on the obtained numerical value (0.87), the reliability of the questionnaire was considered as excellent. The results showed that of the five studied dimensions, the access dimension with an average value (3.35) had the best status and the most desirable dimension for the elderly. Respectively, the two dimensions of security (with an average value off 3.07) and urban furniture (with an average value of 3.02) had the best situation among the evaluated dimensions for the elderly. The transportation dimension (with an average value of 2.47) and the passages (with an average value of 2.56) had the worst situation from the perspective of the elderly in this analysis, so they were in a very unfavorable situation.

The purpose of the research was to analyze and compare the state of sense of community and quality of life and the relationship between the variables in two different neighborhoods (Vali- Asr neighborhood as the new neighborhood and Payin neighborhood as the old neighborhood) in Qaen city. The general descriptive-analytical study used a questionnaire to collect field data. The statistical population includes the population of two mentioned neighborhoods. The size of the sample was calculated based on Cochran's formula to be 370 people, and the share of each neighborhood from this sample size was determined according to its population. To analyze the data, the independent samples t-test and Pearson correlation were don using in SPSS.  The results of this research suggest that the quality of life and the sense of community in both studied neighborhoods are above average and there is no significant difference between the two neighborhoods in this respect. The results of the Pearson correlation also show that there is a positive and significant relationship between sense of community and quality of life in the study area. Therefore, strengthening the sense of community in urban neighborhoods can increase life satisfaction.

Housing is among the basic needs of human beings. In different countries, governments make comprehensive planning and measures to provide different classes, especially low-income ones, with housing. Over recent years, the government of Iran has established the policy of Mehr Housing Construction to satisfy the legal and common expectations of low-income classes regarding housing. The execution of this policy deals with a broad range of subjects, especially from the environmental aspect. Accordingly, this study aimed exploring the location of Mehr Housing in Izeh, Iran, focusing on the environmental aspect. For doing the descriptive-analytical study, the data were collected using library and documentary studies. A total of eight criteria, including the distance from the ground slope, land use, distance from ground shape, distance from the fault, distance from the river, soil erosion, and effective geomorphology were explored. The data were analyzed using AHP FUZZY technique based on a survey of experts. The weights of criteria were determined within the range of 0-1 in ARC GIS using the FUZZY OVERLAY and GAMMA operators. The results indicated that from the environmental perspective, the location of Mehr Housing in Izeh has a medium status. Moreover, the project could be located in a much better place than its current location, regarding environmental indicators.

Different amount of social capital in different urban planning and designing would significantly enhance the quality of urban life. In high levels of social capital, the social interaction among residents will boost, and convention and the feel of belonging to the neighborhood will influence. The condition in itself will intrigue development. The study aimed at boosting social capital through spatial planning in selected urban neighborhoods of Sari city, Iran. It tried to answer the question that what considerations and strategies of spatial planning can enhance social capital. The applied research uses a mixed method of survey and document studies. The data on evaluating the social capital in selected neighborhoods were gathered through questionnaires filled by residents, exploring documents and field observations. The data were analyzed using statistics tests, map analysis regarding the criteria of the theoretical framework. Using force field analysis technique, a synopsis and suggestions were provided. The results indicated that the amount of social capital and its difference in terms of the level in the studied neighborhoods show the influence of difference of formation and physical differences in neighboring neighborhoods. Moreover, connectivity, diversity, security, and feature may influence the amount of capital of urban neighborhoods. So, such issues will help the enhance of social capital: increase in the per capita of green space and public space, variety in passages, considering the quality of footpaths, making signs, appropriate distribution of services, boosting public transportation, and considering local facilities with an expanded access to provide security.

Issues such as extreme physical expansion and socio-cultural, economic, and physical-spatial inequalities in Mashhad, and the methods applied for dealing with the issues have created great challenges, requiring changes towards a more qualified structure and more intense sense of belonging to the place. Another important issue is cities’ fates that depends on the digital technology. It seems necessary to redefine such issues as modern patterns and technologies for overcoming some of the challenges. This study was conducted to identify patterns related to socio-cultural needs of sense of place with an emphasis on the impact of digital technology on improving the quality of urban architecture in region 1 of Mashhad. The applied and descriptive-analytical study focused on the residents of region 1 of Mashhad as population statistics. The size of the sample was determined to be 2000 participants using R software. Cluster method was applied for sampling. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to present a model of the factors and sub-factors impacting the improvement of the quality of urban architecture and Apriori algorithm was used to reach a conditional pattern for identifying the relationships between quality improvement indicators and such factors as the area grouping, individual characteristics, and the type of ownership. The results indicated that except for the statistical indicators of signs and comfort that seem to be average regarding the existence and being implemented in the neighborhoods, other indicators showed a significant difference from the average value. Moreover, from the respondents’ perspective, the whole indicators “social cohesion and solidarity, mobility and dynamism, sense of belonging, readability, identity, originality, order, and desired style in different neighborhoods” are less than the average. Moreover, the patterns resulted from exploring the obtained data showed that in most of the neighborhoods, the different situations of the existence of 6 indicators have a value less than the average. The study applied the interactive online forms, cloud-based analytical tools, machine learning, and data-exploring algorithms, the result of which is significant relationships of hidden patterns. Moreover, it showed that digital technologies can provide a suitable ground for more detailed analysis of problems and more suitable solutions through automatic and timely identification of patterns and showing the deepest desires of residents. The technologies can cover as well the urban architecture through regulating urban data, and combining and displaying patterns. The result could be a more united and meaningful whole with the help of more exact patters and in connection with the patterns influencing the quality of urban architecture.

Urban regeneration seeks to uncover and recrystallize the essence of the functional and physical genesis of the city. By exploring, listing, stabilizing, reviving, and updating events based on culture and ritual backgrounds, event-led regeneration establishes an inclusive approach that leads to the continuance of celestial life and the improvement of physical quality. The historical process of Shiraz’s spatial structure development has always been based on ritual-religious territoriality, in which the physical substrate as an independent variable has hosted a dependent variable of various events of eclectic natures. Recognizing the spatial structure and ritual structure of the city, together with the review of the background of the ritual that will be accompanied by a list of complementary cultural events in today’s conditions, aims to regenerate the ritual structure of the city and repair the physical-spatial ruptures through the continuity and consolidation of the historical-content richness. Formulating and presenting solutions related to this process are the goals of this research. The conceptual framework of the research was compiled through an overview of previous studies. The public realm’s historical role and the continuum of ritual places in the event-led main structure of the city were reviewed. Then, by applying the SOAR strategic model and the ANSOFF matrix, a list of eventfulness strategies based on the historical-cultural context was formulated. Analyzing and evaluating the dual conditions of context and content, including a retrospect on the interconnected structure of historical Shiraz and the ritual-religious events flowing through the structure, resulted in a set of strategies that subsequently led to the proposition of relevant policies to achieve the event-led regeneration objectives.

One of the corrective measures and improvement of incorrect processes and existing problems in the preparation of these plans is pathology of urban development plans. This research tried to gather data in this regard using the mixed method. The analysis was done using MAXQDA and SPSS software. In qualitative stage for identify the most important damages and in the quantitative stage, Friedman's test was used to prioritize the results. The results were obtained from two levels (the country and the city of Mashhad). The first one through the review of 44 related documents and the second level through interviews conducted with 16 experts in the executive and theoretical fields. The results showed that a total of 68 damages are involved in urban development plans. There are 56 damages in the field of preparation, 6 damages in the field of perspective and 6 damages in the field of supervision. The results of Friedman's test showed the most important damages of Mashhad city development plans in order of priority are in preparation (average importance 28.1), implementation (16.5), perspective (14.3). In this way, inter-institutional parallel work, planning product and policy selection were determined as three important issues respectively regarding the damages. Weakness of plan preparation consultants, ignoring the role of the city, neglecting necessary issues, and haste in approval have the least impact on the development plans of Mashhad. Regarding the documents, the most important problematic priorities were preparation and implementation. Three important issues in the pathology of development plans at the country level are inter-institutional parallelism, lack of expert staff in municipalities, and ignoring the social issues of the plan.