مجله علوم و فنون دریایی
سال بیستم شماره 4 (زمستان 1400)

The Makoran Sea is been influencing by the summer and winter monsoon currents, and this phenomenon is a natural stressor for species inhabiting the aquatic ecosystem, including bivalve molluscs. In the current study, the effect of winter monsoon on the sub-tidal bivalve densities of the northern coast of Makoran were evaluated. Sampling of sediments were conducted from three regions of Ramin (3 stations), Beris (3 stations) and Pasabandar. Physical chemical parameters of transparency, salinity, acidity, temperature, organic matter, and grain size of each station were also obtained to investigate their relationship with density, which among the factors, only temperature, were significantly lower in the monsoon and pre-monsoon periods. In this study, 10 species of bivalves were identified, according to which Donax scalpellum with 13.37% had the highest and Trisidos tortuosa with 3.98% had the least frequency. The population of bivalves was calculated after Monsoon, with a frequency of 46.17% (mean 713 ±23.14 m2), pre-Manson, with 27% (mean of 413 ± 25.12 m2) and Monsoon, with 26% abundance. (413±13.34 m2). The pasabandar was (including stations 7, 8, 9 and 10), with an average density of 63±28.2 persons / m2 having the highest density in comparison to Beris (43±17.7) and Ramin (44±19.37). There was a significant difference between the stations. There was no significant positive correlation between silt and sand and temperature with density but no significant relationship between other environmental factors and organic matter with density. In general, it can be said that various factors are considered as parameters controlling the abundance and expansion of bivalve communities of different study areas and stations in the northern coastal waters of Makoran, including It is possible to name the factors of temperature, particle size and type of substrate, organic matter and nutrients, monsoon flows that have the most influence on the density of bivalve organisms.

The safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) belongs to the Compositae family. This plant is widely used in food industries and medicine. The aim of this paper is studying the effect of Safflower extract on physiological sex determination and Masculinization in Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata). 88 one-week-old Guppy fishes were divided into four groups (22 fishes in each group): A, B, C and control (without extract). The fishes were exposed to 50, 100 and 150 ppm concentrations of safflower extract for one month. After 3 months, gonads tissue sections of the fishes were prepared. Tissue changes were examined and compared with the control group that did not receive any extract. Results showed a significant difference in the number of primary spermatocytes in all groups; So the greatest increase of cells was in fishes that receiving concentrations of 100 and 150 ppm extract (p<0.05). The results also showed; with increasing concentration of safflower extract, the number of female follicles decreases significantly (p<0.05). Finally, the results of this study showed; safflower extract increases spermatogenesis and by creating tissue changes, it can induce the sex of guppy fish in the direction of masculinization.

The ovarian histological characterization of European Catfish on Anzaly lagoon was investigated. 154 female’s specimen in different size were caught by trap, ovarian were fixed in bouin׳s liquid. Samples were fixed, dehydrated, clarified, embedded and stained by H&E method. The tissues were supplied on 0.5µ size and analyzed by light microscope. The ovaries had six maturity stages which were as follow: Immature, Early Developing, Late Developing, Ripe Ovary, Running Ripe Ovary and Spent. Oocyte diameter was measured for 123 female’s specimen in the 2 to 5 maturity stages. In this study, the mean egg diameter, in stage II of gonad maturation was 1/4 mm and gradually increased in the later stages of development, in the fifth stage of the maturation process the average diameter reached to 2/36 mm and again in the sixth stage decreased the oocyte diameter. Also according the present study the type of gonad in this species under the climatic condition of Guilan Province was found on Group Synchronous and spawning in longer period.

Coastal areas due to geographic location, biodiversity and dependent ecosystems are sensitive and delicate areas. In this study, the sensitivity of the coastal ecosystems of the South Pars region has been determined, and the results have been evaluated by using Expert Choice software. Since, the south Pars region is constantly exposed to the drilling and extraction of the oil and gas wells, the Jack-up drilling platform is identified as one of the pollutant factors in the region and its effects as a pollutant factor on the Different ecosystems have been analyzed.  In order to assess risk through the basic definitions of risk assessment, as well as application of mathematical techniques, the probability, the severity of consequences, and the importance of habitat have been identified and calculated. In this study Fuzzy concepts are used for quantifying the qualitative parameters. In order to validate the results, the calculated mathematical model was compared with the actual values. The results of environmental events over a period of four years indicated the importance of considering environmental risks in drilling operation by jack-up, which is needed for management and protection of sensitive ecosystems in the region.

Saccostrea cucullata is one of the widely spread oysters in south coasts of Iran. This study was conducted on 80 specimens of S. cucullata from coastal areas of the Laft port in the Qeshm Island in order to determine the relationships between growth factors and age. The population was divided into five age groups. The 2 year-old and 5 year-old oysters had the highest and lowest number of individuals in the population, respectively. The lowest and highest values of the length, width, height, shell thickness and wet soft tissue weight of S. cucullata were 20-70 mm, 10-50 mm, 3.50-26.50 mm, 1.00-5.90 mm , 0.75-7.68 g, respectively. After testing the normality of the data, their relationships were investigated using correlation and regression. A weak but positive correlation with a significant linear relationship was found between age and growth factors. However, because of the weakness of the correlation, no precise criteria can be found for determination of age based on growth factors.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and rank the factors affecting the development of maritime travel and tourism in the Persian Gulf terminus of Khorramshahr port. In previous studies, despite investigating other types of tourism, there has been no study on maritime tourism and in particular on maritime travel and tourism at the Persian Gulf terminus of Khorramshahr port. Despite the realization of the research goal, while increasing the revenue of the Khuzestan ports and maritime organization, it will boost job opportunities in the region, otherwise the potential loss of the region will result in the loss of capital in the maritime sector. The method of this research is based on the nature of exploratory blend (qualitative-quantitative approach), which focuses on qualitative research. The quantitative part of this research is related to the analytical method based on Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). In addition, SPSS22 and Expert choice11 software were used for this purpose. Based on the results, the infrastructure dimension with the final weight of 0.528 first rank and the service, economic and cultural services with the final weight of 0.243, 0.142 and 0.086 respectively ranked second, third and fourth. Among the components, the construction of residential and recreational facilities, the provision of patrols and sea tours, banking facilities for the private sector and media advertising, respectively, with the final weight of 0.431, 0.432, 0.488 and 0.559, were among the components of each dimension as the first rank.

Hemostatic balance is a dynamic balance between the process of blood clotting and the mechanism of blood clot dissolution. The purpose of this endeavor was to investigate the effect of an 8-week selected aquatic aerobic training period on fibrinolytic indexes in retired athletes. 20 healthy male volunteers were randomly divided into experimental (n=10) and control groups (n=10).Both groups were similar regarding their age and body mass indexes. The training program for the experimental group included three weekly sessions of aquatic aerobic exercise for a period of eight weeks with an intensity of 55-70% of maximal heart rate. The control group had no participation in any regular training program. The blood samples were analyzed for t-PA and PAI-1 antigens, t-PA/PAI-1 complex and D-dimer. Independent and dependent t-tests were implemented to compare parameter averages at α=0.05.The results showed that in the experimental group, t-PA (P=0.001) and t-PA/PAI-1(P=0.003) levels increased significantly while there was a significant decrease in PAI-1(P=0.001) and D-dimer (P=0.001) levels. The comparison of the differences between the two groups showed that the changes in t-PA (P=0.022) and PAI-1(P=0.038) levels was significant. The results of this study showed that aquatic aerobic training can prevent thrombosis and sudden heart disease in retired athletes.

To evaluate the production of beta-carotene, traits and patterns of protein band in D. salina microalgae in the presence of colchicine, after microalgae cultivation, colchicine treatments randomized design concentrations of 0, 0.05 and 0.1 and 0.2% Volumetric weight was applied. Changes in growth and beta-carotene, chlorophyll A, B and total and carotenoids produced by spectrophotometer measurements, as well as electrophoresis on SDS-PAGE analysis was used to investigate the protein patterns. The results showed that concentrations of colchinicine did not result in significant differences in protein pattern in 11 samples and it just affacted the production of certain proteins.. While this treatment causes a difference in beta-carotene, chlorophyll A, B, total carotenoids and growth. Beta-carotene is the most important metabolites increased in all concentrations of colchicine. Treatment increased the carotenoids, chlorophyll A, B, and total while reduced growth. So the treatment of colchicine reduced the growth and increase the production of beta-carotene, chlorophyll A, B, total  and carotenoids is in Dunaliella. While no significant effect on the pattern of protein expression. Therefore , it can be concluded that using treatment of colchicine will be useful in beta-carotene productions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the growth performance and body composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in biofloc system. Firstly, 750 fingerling fishes with an average weight (17±0.05gr) were randomly divided into 30 polyethylene tanks with a volume of approximately 250 liters of water (25fish/tank). The treatments consisted of 3 levels of carbon to nitrogen ratio including 15, 20 and 25 and 3 levels of dietary crud protein content of 25%, 30% and 35% with three replicates for each treatment was performed over a period of 56 days. The highest feed conversion ratio and also lowest percentage of weight gain and specific growth rate were observed in treatment with protein 35% and C/N25 compared with control group (P0.05). The lowest amount of crude lipid was obtained in control treatment that it was significantly different compared with some treatments (P

Regarding expansion of Litopenaeus vanamei culture in Iran, and the necessity to work on its reproduction system, conducting a research on its biological reproduction and sexual properties is of high value and sexual properties. Then in this study morphological properties of L. vanamei's sperm were evaluated using phase contrast microscope, Atomic Force Microscopy technique and Electronic microscope. Wight of testis and spermotophore as well as density and survival rate of sperms were measured in L. vanamei.  For this purpose, 20 mature male L. vanamei (35.37 ±4.3) were transferred from a local shrimp hatchery to laboratory. Biometrical indices as well as reproductive properties of shrimp (density, diameter and size of sperms, spermatophore weight and melanisation) were measured. Correlation coefficient between all indices were measured too. Results showed that testis and spermatophore weight were 0.18±o.01g and 0.08±0.01g respectively. Sperm count, survival rate and diameter of sperms were 41.19±3.83 per µl, %69.69±%2.39 and 39.36±10.8 respectively. The highest correlation coefficient was seen between shrimp weight and testis weight (R=0.958), sperm diameter (R=0.91) and sperm survival (R=0.716) respectively, although there was no significant correlation between abnormal sperm or melanized spermatophores and other biometrical indices.