فصلنامه روانشناسی سلامت
پیاپی 43 (پاییز 1401)

 Self-care is very important in controlling type 2 diabetes and the present study aimed to develop and validate a type 2 diabetes self-care questionnaire. 

 The present study was a series of consecutive exploratory experiments guided by the approach of testing and classification and was conducted qualitatively and quantitatively in two stages. The statistical population in the first stage consisted of specialists, physicians and researchers in the field of type 2 diabetes in 2020-2021 that 10 persons were selected by purposive sampling. In the second stage, 432 patients with type 2 diabetes in Tehran in 2020-2021 were selected by available sampling method and considering criteria. In order to collect the information of the first stage, an in-depth and semi-structured interview and a researcher-made initial questionnaire were used. 

 It showed that from the results of the interviews, 41 concepts were extracted by open coding in 4 main dimensions. ‌Content validity ratio index and content validity index were calculated and 4 factors were identified in the exploratory factor analysis. Finally, this 34-item questionnaire explained 58.76% of the variance of type 2 diabetes self-care in patients aged 30 to 60 years: factors related to health literacy (39.64%), psychological factors (11.82%), physical factors (4.19%) And factors related to access to facilities (3.11%). Also, the first-order confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the above 4 factors and a total alpha of 0.95 was obtained. 

 This questionnaire has good validity and reliability and its use is recommended for self-care monitoring of these patients and use in research.

The aim of this study was to prepare the Persian version of the orthorexia nervosa Scale and evaluate its psychometric properties.

The sample of the present study consisted of 639 people aged 18 to 65 years living in Tehran who were tested using the available sampling method. The Persian version of the orthorexia nervosa Scale was prepared after the translation-retranslation process and was administered along with the eating attitude test (EAT-26) and Reef psychological well-being questionnaire (REEF-18). The validity of the scale was assessed using construct,  convergent and divergent validity was evaluated through Pearson correlation. Moreover, to assess its reliability, Cronbach's alpha calculation method and composite reliability were used.

The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated the existence of three factors: cognitive, emotional and clinical, and the results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated the goodness of fit and eligibility of the obtained model. Significant correlations between the obtained factors with the eating attitude test and Reef psychological well-being questionnaire also confirmed the convergent and divergent validity of the orthorexia nervosa scale. The reliability of the scale was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and obtained 0.811 for the all scales and ranged 0.69 to 0.735 for specific scales. Moreover, the composite reliability of the scales ranged between 0.78 and 0.82.

In general, it can be said that the Persian version of the orthorexia nervosa Scale has a three-factor structure and has the adequate validity and reliability for use in psychological research in the Iranian sample.

Architecture is not the mere construction of an inanimate building, a housing is the first built environment associated with humans. Using the term "humans" unites the works of designers, psychologists, and doctors. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is one of the psychological theories that deal with human evolution. According to this theory, wellness is one of the primary needs of each individual. This research aims to introduce an effective strategy to improve the wellness of humans and achieve the ultimate aim of Maslow’s theory. Furthermore, to achieve these goals, the Salutogenic Approach is applied as a bridge to link the wellness and the man-made environment.

Hence, this research has deployed mixed methods to achieve the desired results. In this regard, a semantic differential technique and content analysis have been employed for component differentiation, and Ghoodosi-Gharbi (district 1) of Shiraz has been selected as the case study using a survey method.

Afterward, using SPSS, users' preferences were determined and the factors affecting wellness were prioritized.

According to the results and the analyses conducted, sense of cohesion and Maslow’s theory are related and it is possible to enhance the mental and physical condition of people residing in this neighborhood through Salutogenic design. In order to improve the wellness of residents of Ghoodosi-Gharbi, strategies have been introduced to reduce illnesses (such-as: palpitations, vitamin-D deficiency, headaches, joint-disorders,etc.) including designs with long and dynamic circulation, increased daylight in spaces, and so on.

corona heart disease started in 2019 and the most effective way to prevent its spread is to follow health protocols. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide a causal model of personality traits on the observance of corona coping protocols, the mediating role of practice of religious beliefs and threat assessment.

In this descriptive-correlational study, 353 female high school students in the first district of Shiraz were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Then, using Neo personality questionnaires, temple religious beliefs, observance of health protocols and researcher-made threat assessment, data were collected and analyzed using AMOS software version 21 and path analysis method.

The results showed that the variables of threat assessment, practice of religious beliefs and conscientiousness component had a direct and significant effect on compliance with health protocols. Also, being conscientious and agreeing through the practice of religious beliefs has a positive and indirect effect on the observance of protocols, but openness to experience a negative and indirect effect. (P≤0 / 01).

The characteristics of the fitted model predicted the observance of health protocols, based on the exogenous variables of personality, conscience, religion, and threat perception. This fit of the model was also confirmed for the exogenous variables of personality, conscience, agreement and openness to experience, and the mediating variable of practice of religious beliefs.

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of individual-online dignity therapy in reducing psychological distress in women with metastatic cancers.

It was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, follow-up design, and a control group, in block design. The statistical population was women with metastatic cancers referred to the Iranian Cancer Control Institute (MACSA) in Tehran during the summer and autumn of 2020. Thirty women were selected by a convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned to two groups of 15 in experimental and control. It also blocked participants at three levels based on the palliative performance scale. Each participant's psychological distress was assessed using the depression-anxiety-stress scale. The experimental group participated in three individual online dignity therapy sessions, each 40-60 minutes. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance in SPSS-23.

There was a significant decrease in the experimental groups’ psychological distress scores in the post-test and in follow-up (P≤0.01). Also, it was found that dignity therapy is more useful in lower levels of the palliative performance scale.

Given the findings, it is recommended that psycho-oncologists and palliative care practitioners use online dignity therapy to reduce the psychological distress of women with metastatic cancer.

Myasthenia is an autoimmune disease that leads to disorder of the neuromuscular junctions. Unstable weakness due to movement is characteristic of this disease. Because myasthenia is a chronic disease with debilitating complications and unpredictable progression, psychological reactions are expected in these patients. Therefore, the present study examines the lived experience of people with myasthenia to look at their psychological issues from the perspective of patients. To provide a platform for professionals to better understand their issues.

In this study, 11 people with myasthenia had in-depth semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed by colaizzi method. The present study is a qualitative method of descriptive phenomenology.

This study included 4 main clusters including: 1) experience of using specialized medical services, 2) internal and external effects of the disease, 3) coping methods, 4) satisfaction period after disease control.

The results showed that disabilities and limitations and unpredictable living conditions lead to a decrease in the perceived control in individuals and this leads to a negative self-assessment of individuals and increases negative emotions such as depression, anxiety and stress. many patients with post-traumatic stress disorder have experienced post-traumatic growth.

 Menstrual pain syndrome B as one of the most common gynecological problems in addition to health consequences has a negative impact on quality of life. Also the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training on psychological helplessness and sleep quality in girls with menstrual pain syndrome.

The research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control and two-month follow-up group. The statistical population included all female students of Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah branch in 2021, who were selected by available sampling method of 40 people and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). Mindfulness was applied to the experimental group in 8 sessions of 1 hour (60 minutes) but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using premenstrual screening questionnaire, sleep quality questionnaire and psychological helplessness questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and repeated measures analysis of varias and SPSS statistical software were used to analyze the data.

Mindfulness training program was effective in reducing psychological helplessness in the post-test phase (F= 74.19, P= 0.002 and Eta= 0.67). There was a significant difference between the mean sleep quality scores of the subjects in the two groups in the post-test stage (F= 13.85, P= 0.001 and Eta= 0.58). The positive effects of mindfulness training in the follow-up phase were sustained for research variables.

It can be concluded that Mindfulness training has been an effective way to improve sleep quality and psychological health of patients with menstrual pain.

Stigma measuring instruments have been developed for infectious and health-threatening diseases such as AIDS. There are no specific measuring instruments for measuring public stigma related to Covid-19.

The present study was a quantitative normalization study. A total of 322 people who were over 18 years old, living in Isfahan city and satisfied with the cooperation, participated in the study through Internet calling. To develop the scale, in-depth interviews were conducted with 40 participants (20 without and 20 with a history of corona-virus artery disease). Based on the content analysis of the interviews and the theory of Phelan and Link (2013), the initial questionnaire was designed with 20 items. Face validity, content validity index, and construct validity were used for assessing validity. Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability.

The final form of the questionnaire with 12 items and three factors, including stereotypes, negative feelings, and avoidance behaviors, has the appropriate face validity, content validity index, and structure validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient above 0.7 indicates the reliability of this questionnaire.

The public stigma Covid-19  questionnaire has good validity and reliability and can be used as a scientific and valid tool in measuring coronavirus stigma.

Post-traumatic growth and ambiguity tolerance are known as the most important psychological factors in cancer patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting anxiety symptoms based on ambiguity tolerance and post-traumatic growth in women with breast cancer.

The present study was descriptive of the correlational type. The population of the present study was all women with breast cancer in two private centers in Tehran in the second half of 2017, of which 150 people were selected by purposful sampling to test the hypotheses. The participants answered Beck's anxiety questionnaires (1990), Post Traumatic Growth (PTG) inventory (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996) and Ambiguity to tolerance (AT) Inventory (macline 2009, second version) and The obtained data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression.

The results showed that ambiguity tolerance explained 26.4% of the variance of anxiety symptoms in women with breast cancer. In the second stage, the inclusion of post-traumatic growth components into the equation explained 39.6% of the variance of anxiety symptoms. Also, among the components of post-traumatic growth, two components of life value and relationship with others negatively and significantly predicted anxiety symptoms in breast cancer patients.

Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that post-traumatic growth and ambiguity tolerance have a good predictive role in the anxiety symptoms of breast cancer patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hypnotherapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy (MBSR) on wound healing and perceived stress in post abdominal surgery patients.

The statistical population included all patients who were candidates for abdominal surgery admitted to Golestan Hospital in Tehran. 75 of these patients were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into 3 study groups. The first group received an 8-session intervention of hypnotherapy and the second group received an 8-session MBSR intervention and the third group was considered as a control. Data were collected using the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Scale (Bates-Jensen & Sussman, 2012) and the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (Cohen et al., 1983) and analyzed by repeated measurement variance analysis.

The results showed that hypnotherapy and MBSR have an effect on wound healing and perceived stress in post abdominal surgery patients (P <0.001).

Hypnotherapy and MBSR accelerate wound healing and also reduce side effects and perceived stress in the post-test and follow-up phase in the above patients. Therefore, these two treatment models can be used as adjunctive therapy to prevent or reduce complications after abdominal surgery.