International Journal of Enteric Pathogens
Volume:9 Issue: 4, Nov 2021

 The gut microbiota influences human health and disease. Alterations in gut microbiota may have pathological consequences. Scientific knowledge about gut microbiota can facilitate predicting the likelihood of certain intestinal and/or extra-intestinal diseases. There are six main phyla in gut including Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Fusobacteria, among which Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria are associated with colon cancer. Association of the gut microbiota pattern with colon cancer is conceivable because of their close proximity. Accordingly, breast tissue microbiota has been associated with breast tumor.

 This study aimed to identify the gut microbiota pattern in breast cancer, therefore, the six phyla in fecal sample from patients with breast cancer were investigated and compared with those from healthy individuals and colon cancer patients.

 Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on DNA extracted from fecal samples based on variable region of 16S ribosomal DNA gene of the six main phyla in the gut.

 Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes levels in breast cancer patients were higher than those in colon cancer patients and healthy individuals. Inversely, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria levels in breast cancer were lower than those in colon cancer patients and healthy individuals.

 Taking into account the decreased level of oncogenic microbiota in fecal sample from breast cancer patients compared to the level of that from colon cancer or healthy cases as well as the presence of oncogenic microbiota in breast tumor, some bacteria may have translocated from gut to breast tissue in some circumstances which likely contribute to the breast tumorigenesis (gut-tumor axis). Migration of the bacteria from gastrointestinal tract to tumor may have occurred in a similar fashion to that of the bacteria from gastrointestinal to fetus. It is worth mentioning that tumor and fetus are immune privileged sites.

 Children are more susceptible to a wide range of infections.

 The focus of this research was to investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), Cryptosporidium spp., and co-infection, as well as the magnitude of these infections and anthropometric indicators in diarrheic Egyptian children.

 A total of 152 diarrheic children, ranging in age from a few months to 12 years were considered as the study samples. All feces samples were examined under a microscope for parasites and molecularly for H. pylori and Cryptosporidium spp. A restriction enzyme was used to digest Cryptosporidium polymerase chain reaction products to determine the genotype.

 Stool examinations revealed that 42 (27.6%) participants were infected with one or more parasites. Cryptosporidium 18 (11.8%), E. histolytica complex 12 (7.9%), and Giardia 9 (5.9%) were the most common parasites. The most frequent Cryptosporidium species was Cryptosporidium hominis (83%), whereas H. pylori was found in 45 (29.6%) patients. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium and H. pylori was unaffected by gender, age, socioeconomic status, or nutrition (P < 0.05). Only head circumference (P > 0.05) was observed to be linked with infection.

 The incidence of Cryptosporidium and H. pylori in diarrheic children may be of public health concern and negatively affects anthropometric indicators.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly spread worldwide and infected multiple age groups. The best way to reduce the risk of spreading new coronavirus (coronavirus disease 19, COVID-19) is the rapid and accurate identification of carriers and infected patients in society. Although several diagnostic tests are available, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing is commonly used for this purpose. In this review, various methods were introduced for the identification of COVID-19 patients using clinical manifestations, gastrointestinal symptoms, and molecular and serological diagnostic techniques. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of diagnostic tests, including molecular and serological tests, were evaluated to identify the novel coronavirus.

 After launching coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination programs, healthcare workers and the general population were worried about the efficacy and safety of vaccines in mothers and fetuses due to insufficient data. During the phases of clinical trial and mass vaccinations, many unplanned pregnancies occurred in vaccinated women, which helped to investigate protection rates of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and their side effects.

 This review study had two main objectives, including finding original articles about vaccinated pregnant women and collecting suggestions/recommendations in published documents, including the effectiveness, benefits, side effects, and instructions for vaccination of pregnant women.

 The web-based literature was extensively searched to retrieve the related documents. Due to the emerging nature of evidence, rapid onset of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, and recent vaccination programs, no limitation was applied regarding inclusion criteria and the study type.

 Sixteen documents were selected for full text reading. Due to the significant benefits of vaccines (mostly mRNA types), such as the reduced risk of disease severity, premature labor, and virus transmission, vaccination of pregnant women has been recommended by the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunization as well as several other organizations.

 the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 disease during pregnancy seem to outweigh the known side effects of the vaccination.

WiFi is one of the new technologies that has gained an important place in human life today. However, over the recent years, scientists have consistently warned about the adverse effects of this technology on guts and other parts of the human body and called for stricter rules for its use. The present article, using the achievements of biotechnology and declarations of medical experts, attempts to examine the jurisprudential aspects of the use of WiFi in places with a dense population such as residential complexes, schools, and offices, which could harm oneself and many others. The purpose of this study is to encourage communities to use healthy, low-risk, and favorite WiFi. This article examines the problem using a descriptive-analytical method. First, the damages raised for WiFi are stated and then its jurisprudential aspects are examined based on religious and rational arguments. The jurisprudential aspects of the issue have been examined separately under the two assumptions of the certainty of the threats mentioned for WiFi and their probability. Based on our results, in case of certainty of the harms mentioned for WiFi, based on jurisprudential evidence, it can be considered as an Islamic legal Fatwa, hence it is haram to use it in some cases. If these harms are conjectural, the intellect will apply the ruling of impermissibility. However, the mentioned disadvantages and threats are attributed to the continuous and long-term use of this technology. Therefore, considering the benefits of using WiFi on the one hand and its disadvantages, on the other hand, the managed and controlled use of this technology could be permitted.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, along with recurrent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutations and unavailability of specific treatment indicates the need for effective treatments. In this regard, supportive therapies can be highly beneficial and essential. Gastrointestinal microbiome balance has long been considered a vital factor in human health. The use of probiotics has been suggested to treat diseases in which the gut microbiome is imbalanced. Gastrointestinal symptoms are present in some patients with COVID-19, and experiments have shown microbial imbalance in these patients. The inhibition of neutrophil elastase (NE) and an increase in butyrate can help improve and recover COVID-19 by inhibiting virus entry and its proliferation, boosting the immune system, performing antimicrobial functions, and preventing hypercoagulability. Therefore, the possibility of using a combination of Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705, Odoribacter, and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 25-3T was proposed for this purpose. In this review article, we discussed the association between the gut microbiome and COVID-19 infection and evaluated the potential of modulating the balance of the gut microbiome in preventing adverse events during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is known for its respiratory symptoms, cough, and fever. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting are also observed in COVID-19. Gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulceration, and peptic ulcer perforation have also been reported in several COVID-19 cases. This paper describes a 76-year-old woman presented with dyspnea and generalized abdominal pain. According to symptoms and imaging results, peritonitis was considered, and an emergency laparotomy was performed for the patient. A posterior duodenal ulcer was detected during surgery. The patient died after two days of operation.