مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال سی‌ام شماره 10 (پیاپی 194، دی 1401)

Monkeypox is a double-stranded virus of the genus Orthopoxvirus, which is transmitted by animals to humans. Monkey pox is a double-stranded virus of the orthopoxvirus genus that is transmitted to humans by animals. So far, two main species of monkeypox have been identified in West Africa and the Congo Basin. The way the monkeypox virus spreads is often through respiratory particles and direct contact with skin lesions. The initial symptoms of monkeypox include headache, muscle pain, fever, and body aches. On the body of the sufferers, bumps in the form of boils will gradually appear, which will become blisters. Many cases in recent outbreaks have been attributed to sexual transmission; specially among men who identify as gay, bisexual, or men who have sex with men. The virus can also be transmitted through direct contact with infected wounds, body fluids, and shared bedding/clothing. Monkeypox is a dangerous disease that can affect the mental health of patients. Previous studies indicate that the monkeypox virus leads to social stigma, anxiety, thoughts and behaviors related to suicide in infected people. Considering that several cases of monkeypox have been identified inside Iran, measures should be taken to make people aware of the symptoms and transmission of this virus, so that we do not witness the spread of another epidemic after COVID-19.

Immunosuppressive drugs are classified into different groups depending on the mechanism of action and are used in the control of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. Considering the possibility of severe inflammatory complications such as acute respiratory failure and cytokine storm in the patients with COVID-19, there is a need to review the updated data on the effectiveness and side effects of administering these drugs in patients. In the present article, along with the brief introduction of different categories of immunosuppressive medications, positive and negative effects of using these drugs in corona patients have been discussed.

Taken together, it seems that the administration of immunosuppressive drugs has positive effects on COVID-19 patients. Reduced need for mechanical ventilation, decreased admission to the intensive care unit, promotion of acute symptoms, and decreased mortality rate, especially in critically ill patients are some of these advantages. However, the possibility of treatment prolongation and increased risk of bacterial and fungal infections should be kept in mind. Maintaining a balance in the doses and duration of immunosuppressant drugs might diminish their adverse effects.

Bleeding is an important complication during implant placement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomic situation of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in maxillary molar region in an Iranian population.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, CBCT scans of the edentulous regions of the posterior maxilla were participants to examine the location and anatomical features of the PSAA. 300 CBCT scans of patients with the mean age of 48.79 years were used. The CBCT scans had been obtained by Scanora 3D (Soredex, Tuusula, Finland). The diameter and the PSAA distance to the alveolar crest was measured by OnDemand 3D software on cross sectional and coronal sections. Data were analyzed through the Chi-Square, T-Test, ANOVA and Exact Fisher tests using the SPSS software (version 23).

Out of 300 images, the PSAA was observed in 203 (67.6%) ones. The artery was slightly more observable in males (68.8%) compared to females (66.4%). Although the difference was not significant (p-value: 0.711). The mean artery diameter and distance to alveolar crest were higher in males (1.33±0.64 mm; 18.016±4.78 mm, respectively) compared to females (1.12 ±0.47 mm; 17.885±4.31 mm). Only the difference between the diameters was significant (p-value: 0.008).

According to this study, with the increase of age, the diameter and distance of the artery to bone crest decreases. The mean artery diameter and distance to bone crest is higher in males compared to females.

In clinical practice, distinguishing invasive lung tumors from primary tumors remains a challenge. With recent advances in understanding biological alterations of tumorigenesis and molecular analytic technologies, using these molecular alterations can be sensitive and tumor-specific as biomarker for the stratification of patients. In this study, the molecular network of miRNA-mRNA contributing to primary lung cancer has been assessed by bioinformatics approaches.

In this analytical-observational study gene expression profiles of patients with primary lung cancer were collected from the RNASeq data of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database by TCGAbiolinks package. With edgeR and limma packages in R, non-specific expression genes were filtered and the significant differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs between tumor tissues and normal tissues were saved and their targets were predicted by 2 databases; miRWalk, and Targetscan. Subsequently, the interaction regulatory network of miRNA-mRNA was visualized using Cytoscape software.

By miRNA-mRNA network analysis revealed that, 7 miRNAs included; hsa-miR-373-3p, hsa-let-7a-5p, hsa-miR-23b-3p, hsa-miR-152-3p, hsa-miR -216a-3p, hsa-miR-106-5p, hsa-let-7i-5p and 6 miRNAs including; has-miR-107, has-miR-17-5p, has-185-5p, has-miR-34a- 5p, has-miR-130a-5p and has-96-5p, mediated regulation of up-regulated and down-regulated mRNAs in primary lung cancer patients, respectively.

This bioinformatics study proposes a miRNA–mRNA network associated with primary lung cancer, which may help to screening and new therapeutic targets for primary lung cancer as prognostic marker.

Inflammation in the brain is known as neuroinflammation and increases TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor alpha) secretion and activates the TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) pathway. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 4 weeks preconditioning with high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) and moderate intensity training (MICT) on TNF-α and TLR4 levels in male Wistar rats.

The current research was an experimental study.18 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: high intensity intermittent training (6 heads), continuous moderate intensity training (6 heads) and the control group (6 heads). HIIT program included 6 stages of 2-minute activity with intensity of 85-90% VO2max and 5 stages of active rest for 2 minutes and MICT program with intensity of 65% VO2max with the same duration as HIIT for 4 weeks and 5 days per week was implemented. 48 hours after the last training session, rats were dissected and cortical tissues and layers of mice were extracted for TNF-α and TLR-4 using western blotting. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA test at a significance level of 0.05 With the help of SPSS version 16 software.

The results of the present study showed that TNF-α and TLR4 in the cortex and stratum cerebral areas after 4 weeks of high-intensity and moderate-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise did not change significantly compared to the control group (p≥0.05).

According to these findings, it can be stated that exercise with high or moderate intensity cannot be an effective factor in increasing inflammatory markers in the brain.

Chronic renal failure, as it affects different systems of the body, can cause major changes in the oral cavity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare oral manifestations in diabetic and non-diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis. 60 patients under hemodialysis treatment referred to the dialysis departments of the teaching hospitals of Shahid Sadougi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd were examined.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 60 patients undergoing hemodialysis in the dialysis wards of teaching hospitals of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences were studied. Patients were divided into two groups of diabetic and non-diabetic (n=30). The oral cavity was examined with a mirror, explorer and flashlight. Gender, age, duration of hemodialysis, oral signs and symptoms were recorded in the patients' checklists. Data analysis was run by SPSS17 statistical software, T-tests, Fisher Exact and Chi-square.

37 (61.7%) of the patients were male and 23 (38.3%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 57.17 ±16.15 years (age range 15-88 years). Dry mouth (76.7%) and dental erosion (50%) were the highest frequency in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in dry mouth and candidiasis (P <0.05).

The combined effect of diabetes and renal failure in diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis has increased oral complications in these individuals, so close collaboration between the patient and health care team to rapid diagnosis of oral lesions could lead to promotion of the patient’s oral health and quality of life and also a decrease in the burden of disease.

Teeth can be used to determine age in forensic medicine if none of the other techniques of identification are appropriate. The researchers used panoramic radiographs from patients referred to Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Dental School to determine age using pulp/tooth perimeter ratio.

In this diagnostic study, 800 panoramic digital radiographs were examined and the age of the patients was recorded. The pulp/tooth perimeter ratio of the maxillary canine was calculated by using AutoCAD software, and the patient's age was estimated by using a regression equation. Then, a comparison was made between the estimated age and the actual age using this method. The role of sex, tooth placement in each quadrant and decade of age was examined in this ratio. For analysis, linear regression and paired T-test and correlation coefficients according to age and gender were used in SPSS 16 statistical software.

A linear regression model was used to estimate the age using pulp/tooth perimeter ratio. As a result, the Pearson correlation coefficient between age and pulp/tooth perimeter ratio was r = -0/08. We discovered a negative and significant correlation between these two variables with a P= 0.024. Likewise, the correlation coefficient in women was calculated r = -0.087, which with P= 0.037, this correlation is also significant and inverse.

The study showed that estimating age using the pulp/tooth perimeter ratio of the maxillary canine is a reliable method and the pulp/tooth perimeter ratio on the left side is correlated with dental age. Thus, using the pulp/tooth perimeter ratio to estimate age in women is also valid.

Accumulation of fat in the liver tissue is known as the most important cause of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which is associated with a decrease in the protein of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-α). This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIST) on PPAR-α and liver enzymes in high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis rats.

The current research was semi-experimental. 40 Spraguedauli male rats (age: 6 to 8 weeks and weight: 230 ± 20 grams) were selected and divided into two equal groups, healthy and high-fat diet (HFD). The HFD group was subjected to gavage for eight weeks with the aim of inducing the disease. Rats were divided into four groups: control-healthy (n=9), healthy-swimming (n=9), control- disease (n=9) and disease -swimming (n=9). The training groups performed HIST for eight weeks (three sessions per week, each session lasting 30 minutes). In the end, liver PPAR-α was measured by western blot analysis; and ALT, AST and GGT enzymes in serum level were measured by photometric method. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used to analyze the data. Significant level (P≥0.05) and all statistical methods were performed using SPSS16 software.

HIST controlled the weight gain caused by HFD and there was a significant decrease in serum ALT and AST in the healthy-swimming and sick-swimming groups compared to the control-patient group and a significant decrease in serum GGT in the healthy-swimming group compared to the control-patient (P≤0.001) and patient-swimming (P≤0.044) were observed. A significant increase in hepatic PPAR-α was observed in healthy-swimming patients compared to the control-patients (P≤0.002).

HIST can control body weight and reduce liver enzymes. However, more research is needed to obtain definitive results.