فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی
سال پانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 57، پاییز 1401)

Coaching culture in organizations is a transformational process in which coaches as an organizational catalyst facilitate the development of leaders, managers and employees. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact intra-organizational Behavioral factors on coaching culture and intrapreneurship. This research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study is all managers and experts of Dana Insurance Company in Tehran, the sample size of which calculated to be 280 people. A standard questionnaire used to collect information, the validity of which defined by confirmatory factor analysis. Pearson correlation used to analyze the data and structural equation approach used to confirm the model. The software output shows that the direct relationships between the variables are significant. In addition, intra-organizational behavioral factors such as organizational transparency, trust, entrepreneurial attitude of managers and employees and entrepreneurial leadership style simultaneously influenced by the coaching culture and affect the emergence of entrepreneurial behaviors and implementation of entrepreneurial ideas in the organization (intrapreneurship).

Model Designing of Internationalization Speed of High-tech Businesses (Case Study: Pharmaceutical Industry)AbstractThe purpose of this study is to design a conceptual framework for international business speed based on advanced technologies, which has been done using a qualitative approach and applying the data research method of the foundation. Data collection tools were semi-structured interviews and in order to collect information, 20 sampled interviews were conducted with managers and export experts of the top companies exporting the pharmaceutical industry using purposive sampling method. The method of data analysis in this research is based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin in three main steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding which is based on continuous comparison.The result of the analysis of qualitative research data indicate the existence of casual factors such as how to export, the company’s Strategy for export; Interfering factors such as obstacles to internationalization, risks; Underlying factors such as modern technology, political stability; Strategic factors such as obtaining the necessary information to enter the international market, marketing; And consequences such as knowledge transfer and increased exports, which has been in the form of a comprehensive model.

The significant tool of social media in small-and-medium sized businesses (SMEs) has reached such a dimension that the survival or collapse of a business occasionally depends on the use of modern technologies and social media and their impact on the marketing services and figures of sales. This research is aimed at expanding the scope of theoretical and practical knowledge in the area of Home-based businesses by applying the technology and, in particular, the social media.The research method is considered applied in terms of the purpose in which a meta-synthetic approach based on documents has been used. Further, in this study, 416 articles in the related research areas has been selected from the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus Scientific Database where, upon the screening process, 34 articles has finally been chosen to extract the findings. By using the meta-synthesis method, the three constructs (components) of the main environments, interactive orientations and key stakeholders accompanied by 11 concepts have been identified. The findings based on the expert's opinions, have been confirmed by the Kappa Indicator of 0.693 and may be used as a roadmap for the keen policymakers and investors in this field.

Model of Factors Affecting E-Business Supply Chain in Service IndustriesService supplychain management is a tool to predict, plan, execute and control supply chain processes to meet customer needs and their satisfaction, which includes coordination, integration and control of product, information and cash flow within the organization and between partners. Due to the involvement of several companies in joint activities, they are a good opportunity for entrepreneurship. For this purpose, the purpose of this study is to present a model of factors affecting the supply chain of e-businesses in the service industry using a fuzzy cognitive mapping approach. This exploratory mixed research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection. For this purpose, a matrix questionnaire was prepared and provided to 173 e-business experts. Finally, we analyzed the data using FCMapper1 and Ucinet6 software. Findings indicate that among the identified factors, customer orientation, productivity and market share growth factors are more centralized than other factors, meaning that more flashes enter and exit it becomes. Finally, scenarios were written based on these three factors and suggestions were made to improve the supply chain of e-businesses in service industry.

One of the challenges for new and innovative businesses is imitation and copying by newcomers. Novice imitators often fail and incur costs for pioneering innovators. This research is aimed at analyzing the impact of pioneer entrepreneurs on those who copy and imitate their works and also the other influential factors in economy of the market. For the first time, the role of Nudge Theory has been modelled in copying the entrepreneurial businesses. This research is practical in terms of purpose, and from the methodological approach, it is included in the category of exploratory mixed research, which is carried out in two steps: thematic analysis and interpretive structural modeling (ISM). The statistical population of this case study consists of two groups; the first group includes national cases of online taxis like Snapp, Tapsi and Maxim. The second group, called ‘the experts’ comprises fifteen university professionals, principals and the founders of entrepreneurial businesses. Data collection has been done using semi-structured interviews and reviewing the interviews and speeches of the managers of the mentioned busainesses. The research findings illustrate a four-level model consisting of fourteen concepts including communication, mental readiness and motivation. The application of MICMAC analysis identified the concept of patriotism, modelling, and the spotlight effect as an independent, dependent and linkage variable, respectively

This research is seeking to conduct a comparative study in the schools pioneering in the entrepreneurship field in the European Union countries so as to develop a model for entrepreneurship education in Iranian schools based on the Kleyn’s curriculum model. The data sources in this investigation, were based on the TES (www.tesguide.eu) data, an entity founded by the European Union and is now operating as one of the leading innovation centers for offering entrepreneurship programs in schools. The research method is qualitative based on a comparative study which includes four stages for practical purposes. The findings indicate that the objective pursued by schools is to teach entrepreneurship and further enhance the level of entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and attitudes among the school children. Entrepreneurship will be presented in the curricula of schools in the form of theoretical training and  practical application and will also be typically planned for the launch of business ventures and implementation of entrepreneurship projects.  The partnership and support of volunteers in the entrepreneurial activities will be facilitated by families, entrepreneurs, agents of businesses, rganizations, universities and charitable foundations. The timing for delivery of entrepreneurship education program is normal classes, entrepreneurship classes and for extracurricular activities will be scheduled for one or more hours in the school curriculum. The entrepreneurship education programs will be analyzed and evaluated in various methods such as the level of a student's success in the management of their companies reports on the program progress of projects and level of their skills development.

Being faced with a complex and uncertain business environment today, directors of enterprises, should, in addition to their struggle for the organization's survival, have the capability to pave the grounds for development and growth. Coaching is deemed a factor to facilitate the capacity for growth. From this angle, the objective of this research is to identify a framework for selecting a coaching style by managers of rapid growth businesses. This investigation is considered applied in terms of purpose in which a multiple case study method has been used with regard to the exploratory nature of research. In order to provide a conceptual framework,  interviews have been carried out with 19 directors in a semi-structured arrangement and then the findings analysis has been coded in three stages. The findings illustrate that the managers choose their business coaching style based on contingency approach and the conceptual framework has been designed with respect to the goal, style and environmental conditions. The aim of coaching style is to bring about changes in the learner at the three levels knowledge, attitude, and behavior. To this end, the managers will apply challenging, exploratory, empowering and awareness-raising coaching styles. The factors affecting the choice of coaching style can be classified into 4 dimensions: coach, learner(student), coach-leaner relationship and organization. As such, the managers may choose their coaching styles with a view to a number of factors and components which, inter alia, include: the learner's agile learning process, level of trust between instructor-student, organizational characteristics and dynamism of a manager

Entrepreneurs rely on causation, effectuation, and bricolage behaviors to achieve their goals in different situations. Effectuation is a kind of decision-making logic that emphasizes control rather than anticipation. Causation focuses goal setting and planning and foresight. Bricolage is a resource-seeking behavior that allows entrepreneurs to cope with resource constraints. These three behaviors are used simultaneously according to the situation and circumstances. However, in studies researchers focus more on individual level factors and less on environmental factors, context and ecosystem. In fact, research has not paid attention to the interaction of individual, environment, context and ecosystem in entrepreneurial decision making. In this research, as qualitative research use the template-based case-study method in two independent sample groups, twenty interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs located in science and technology parks of Tehran, Sharif and Beheshti universities and Sharif Innovation District. The results showed that entrepreneurs tend to choose different decision approaches due to different access to resources. Entrepreneurs in the parks have more causation behaviors due to the need to comply with the requirements and entrepreneurs in Sharif Innovation District behave more effectuation and bricolage due to less need to follow formal and written rules. Finally, a proposition has been explained.

The present research is seeking to identify the antecedents of value co-creation in startups in a shares economy environment. The research method is considered applied in terms of the purpose and in respect of the data collection with a content analysis approach. To this end, in the qualitative section, data have been gathered through a survey of the research literature and conduct of profound interviews. The statistical population constituted the experts and executive managers of startups in the contents of a shared economy. The sampling was processed with a snowball method, continued up to level of theoretical saturation and then the collected data were analyzed by a thematic content approach out of which 8 basic themes, 32 secondary themes and 3 open codes were identified. The findings indicate that the antecedents of value co-creation in startups in a shared economy environment include: the consumer's ethical perceptions, brand strength, relationship-based marketing, expected value, customer's experience, sustainability, contribution to the growth and development of businesses as well as infrastructures. The reliability of the qualitative data analysis was calculated through the Cohen Kappa coefficient which was 0.843. the quantitative section was handled through the structural equations modelling and the hypotheses were tested by using the PLS3 Software whereby all the 8 assumed hypotheses were confirmed. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated through the Alpha Cronbach Coefficient and Combined Reliability ((CR)) while the validity was obtained through the confirmatory factor analysis, factor loads and the average variance extracted (AVE). Finally, some recommendations were made for enhancement of the upcoming research activities and practical approaches

This research has been done with the aim of designing a technology intelligence model in technological businesses with a common value creation approach with a practical purpose and with a mixed-exploratory method. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 14 CEOs and members of the board of directors of technological businesses in Tehran by purposive sampling method and in the quantitative section 385 technological business managers by simple random sampling method from January 2021 to July 2021 have been adopted. The data collection tool is semi-structured in the qualitative part of the interview and researcher-made in the quantitative part of the questionnaire. The face and content validity of the instruments were confirmed by experts and their structural validity was calculated with the mean variance extracted and the factor load, Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were calculated and confirmed. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, confirmatory factor analysis, Friedman ranking, Sobel and structural equations, and Samartpls3 and SPSS21 software. The results show 17 dimensions with 41 components for technology intelligence, 10 dimensions with 21 components for technology businesses, 12 dimensions with 28 components for joint value creation and showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between technology intelligence and technology businesses. This relationship of co-creation of value has a positive and significant effect as a mediator. The proposed model has a suitable and relatively strong fit from the experts