پژوهش نامه کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 24، پاییز و زمستان 1401)

The creation and development of smart cities requires the creation of a suitable platform, infrastructure and capacity for the sharing and using capital and knowledge assets, including data, information and knowledge produced by citizens, the government and various organizations in all fields. One of the main problems in and obstacles to the creation and development of smart cities is that knowledge assets of different types are distributed in different sectors or even in different regions related to stakeholders, as well as their ownership system and the purpose of using them. These are important ethical issues that need to be addressed by stakeholders/trustees in smart cities. The current state of active information and knowledge centers in the country, related to the sharing knowledge assets has created obstacles to the smart transformation and smartening the above centers in data-oriented and knowledge-based smart cities. The present study, while pointing to the need for inter-organizational knowledge-sharing in smartening socio-cultural organizations, including information and knowledge centers, seeks to state the problems as the factors affecting the current state of inter-organizational knowledge sharing and the importance of identifying the underlying factors, steps, processes, methods and tools and ultimately the consequences in above centers in the context of smart cities.

The present applied study has been compiled with an analytical review approach using the documentary-library method based on the literature review and related texts in the fields of knowledge management, smart cities and cultural development of these intelligent cities focusing on cultural institutions providing information and knowledge. In the present study, by using the documentary method, after explaining the position of information and knowledge organizations and centers in the smart city on the one hand, and the necessity of inter-organizational knowledge sharing in the smart city on the other hand, the necessity of inter-organizational knowledge sharing in the smartening up information and knowledge organizations and centers has been discussed.

Sharing inter-organizational knowledge and knowledge capital are one of the key issues in the creation and development of smart cities. Socio-cultural organizations, as the providers of information and knowledge, have an important role in the cultural development of smart cities in dimensions of people and smart life, although there is no effective interaction and coordination between these organizations, their resources and actions. Under the management and share of existing assets between these organizations, re-employment in the production and use of data, information and knowledge is prevented by various organizations, reducing the costs and the ability to share knowledge assets is effectively utilized in terms of planning, decision-making and smartening services.

Smart cities will be the result of interactions between citizens, organizations and urban functions using data, information, knowledge and information and communication technologies. As a result, it is necessary for all the organizations that are the source of providing services to citizens in certain areas in the city, based on a series of common data, information and knowledge and at a common point, to make their decisions and only the result of the works of several organizations should be presented to the main beneficiaries or citizens. In this regard, smart cities as new urban ecosystems using an open data, information and knowledge as well as innovation system will lead to the integration of digital information and communication technologies, knowledge assets and consequently, increased responsiveness to citizens and improved quality of life. On the other hand, the ultimate goal of the smart city is to provide smart services in all areas related to urban life. Activities in the field of information and knowledge are associated with significant changes in the social and cultural structure of life and intelligent citizens and open a new arena for policymakers, including cultural organizations such as information and knowledge organizations.

The field of digital library in today's world is diversified and developed and has an interdisciplinary nature. So that the study in its various aspects is always evaluated as one of the important topics in scientific fields and can be the origin of important researches. The purpose of this study is to investigate and plot the intellectual structure of knowledge in the field of digital library in the world using a co-word analysis.

This research is a type of applied scientometric studies that uses co-word analysis and network analysis. The statistical population was all researches in the field of digital library in the web of science database, which is equal to 5655 records in total. Vosviewer, Netdraw, SPSS and Bibexecl software were also used to analyze and plot the network.

The results showed that the keywords digital library, information retrieval and library are the most frequent words and the most pairs of words are digital library and information retrieval. The co-word network includes six clusters called knowledge management and digital library, storage and retrieval of digital resources, interaction between digital and non-digital environments and e-learning, electronic resources and media, virtual screening and medical data analysis. The network density is .24 and the average centrality index is .663. The co-word network of the digital library field showed that the keyword digital library is the most central term and plays the main role of this network. The density of the network is .1290, which is not in a favorable condition. This case shows that the sub-domains within the clusters and inter-cluster connections, or the lack of research orientation to the technical issues of content, software and services as the three main elements of digital libraries and single domain. There is a lack of balance between theoretical and applied interdisciplinary research in this field. These findings are consistent with the research results of others. Of course, the low density of the network also indicates that the subjects of the library field have been researched more in a specialized way and less communication has been established between these fields, which is one of the weaknesses of this field. According to the strategic diagram, knowledge management clusters and digital libraries and digital screening are developed clusters and play a pivotal role. The electronic resources and media cluster, although pivotal, is underdeveloped and immature. Other subject clusters are marginal clusters and are emerging topics that have not been sufficiently researched.  In general, the results of this research showed that most of the researches in the field of digital library of the world have been done in the subjects of information retrieval, university libraries, user studies, internet and copyright. Considering that the network density of the digital library field is low, it is clear that researchers have neglected its interdisciplinary fields and the subjects of this field have little connection with each other. By reviewing the clusters obtained, it is concluded that the clusters of knowledge management, digital library and virtual screening have the central role of researches and most of the researches are carried out in this field and on the other hand, despite the fact that the clusters of storing and retrieving digital resources, human and environment interaction. Digital and electronic learning are one of the main and important topics in the field of digital library, they are emerging, marginal and underdeveloped topics, and researchers should direct most of their research in this direction so that these fields also reach a favorable state. In general, the structure of the intellectual network of the digital library field is fragmented, and in order to create a link between the structure of this network, researches should be removed from being single-domain and theoretical and applied interdisciplinary researches should be conducted.

Knowledge organization is one of the oldest and most fundamental topics in knowledge and information science. Future study is a general human capacity that enables a person to think about the future and examine, model and create future possibilities and show them in front of themselves. Success in identifying driving forces, macrotrends and shapers of the future and investigating their impact on key factors affecting each future and analyzing the feasibility of certain futures with the aim of creating desirable futures are among the goals of future research. The future of information science has faced new developments. Undoubtedly, the future will be different from what has been customary before. The profession of information science must make fundamental and specific changes, otherwise it will be abandoned. Futuristic science is a science that opens the view of information science to possible future events, challenges and opportunities and makes it possible to reach the desired future from the right path. It seems that there is no clear, accurate and correct view of the developments, effective forces, challenges, solutions and matters related to the knowledge  organization. Not having the right knowledge and making decisions based on trial and error and different tastes, causes waste of time and money, getting lost, reducing efficiency, rework, lack of coherence, getting lost, etc., and causes a lot of losses to this important field. The purpose of this research is to future study of knowledge organization using the opinions of Iranian experts in this field about the future and related issues.

The type of research is applied with a qualitative approach that has been collected by qualitative content analysis, grounded theory and interview tools to obtain the opinions of knowledge organization experts. The collected data were analyzed based on thematic analysis. After asking questions, the interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner and implemented. The transcripts of the interviews were then read and reviewed several times so that the researcher had sufficient control over the data. In the third stage, the data were broken down into semantic units in the form of sentences and paragraphs related to the main meaning. Semantic units were reviewed several times and then the appropriate concepts of each semantic unit were written. The research population is 20 experts in information science and science with a specialized field of knowledge organization who were interviewed by phone.

The results led to the identification of several factors about the driving forces, trends, challenges and strategies affecting knowledge organization. According to experts, the influential driving forces in the future of knowledge organization are: knowledge producers, knowledge stakeholders, knowledge users, knowledge theorists, education, cooperation of information science and computer science experts, etc. Some interviewees see the collection of research on knowledge organization as a growing yet diverse trend. Cataloging and classification, taxonomy, traditional topics including reduction items and web-based tools, tools and standards for organizing knowledge, semantic web and ontology are expressed as incremental items. In the field of knowledge organizing challenges, we can also mention factors such as: research problems, manpower, education, data problems, software problems, non-compliance with standards. The interviewees also provided a variety of solutions in the fields of education, research, manpower, financial resources and technology-related issues. Finally, the paradigm model of the research was drawn and the related factors in each category were identified.

Organizing knowledge is a multifaceted, growing and prolific subject in knowledge and information science that is struggling with its strengths and weaknesses. Each part of the paradigm model interacts with each other and has a positive or negative effect on each other. Paying attention to the positive points and eliminating the weak points can help in promoting the knowledge organization and knowledge and information science. Education is one of the most important driving forces of knowledge organization and is like a double-edged sword that can act as an effective force if paid attention to. Otherwise it is considered a big challenge. Experts in knowledge organization have a good and clear knowledge of the issues in this area and have expressed various influential cases. Therefore, it is necessary to use collective wisdom and financial and spiritual support to pay more attention to knowledge organizing and try to promote strengths and eliminate weaknesses.

At present, the Internet has created tremendous changes in information seeking and research activities in scientific communities; but among these, there are successful people who use the created opportunities to their advantage with the help of management tools and new technologies. Personal knowledge management is one of these tools. Considering that knowledge is a necessary and vital resource for success, the study of knowledge management process, especially in organizations, should be considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of personal knowledge management and information seeking behavior on students' self-efficacy.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of methodology; it is correlation with the approach of presenting the structural equation model. The statistical population of this research was all graduate students of Tabriz University. Regarding the statistical sample, considering that the method of selective analysis for the hypotheses of this research is in the form of structural equations, they were 190 students, which seems suitable due to the ease of access and also the number (according to the rank of the university). Based on this, the sampling method in the current research was simple random sampling. The measurement tool in the present study was a questionnaire. In the current research, three questionnaires were used: Wilson's  information-seeking behavior standard questionnaire, with 6 items; 2. Mohiuddin et al.'s standard personal knowledge management questionnaire, with 7 items; and the standard self-efficacy questionnaire of Sherer et al. with 6 items.

The results showed that there was no significant difference between the variables of gender and age and personal knowledge management among university graduate students. According to the path coefficient values, there is a significant relationship between personal knowledge management variables and information seeking behavior with self-efficacy. Also the models that are analyzed with a variance-based approach through variance-based software such as Smart PLS do not have a general index to look at the model at once. That is, there is no index to measure the entire model similar to the variance-based approach. However, in various researches in this field, it was suggested that an index called GOF, which was proposed by Tenenhaus, Esposito Vinzi, Chatenlin, Larue, can be used instead of the fit indices that exist in covariance-oriented approaches. This index considers both structural and measurement models simultaneously and tests their quality. This index is manually calculated as average R2 and average shared values.

Regarding the obtained results, it can be said that by improving the behavior of educational and research information and getting familiar with the motivations, goals and correct methods of searching, it saves time and money of researchers. Researchers can obtain relevant and reliable information and use it to complete their educational and research activities in order to avoid repetitions or using the trial and error method. People who have good skills, abilities and knowledge, evaluate their judgment and evaluation in reaching the desired goal and position higher. Based on the approach of social learning, cognitive learning and thinkers such as Bandura, the evaluation of people and their self-efficacy in achieving desirable situations and desired goals is influenced by their knowledge, cognition, and the way they organize their knowledge; When people have sufficient knowledge and understanding of desired situations and goals and can organize their knowledge, they see themselves as more capable in achieving their goals; That means they experience higher self-efficacy. In this regard, knowledge management also means collecting, acquiring, understanding, categorizing and sharing knowledge. Therefore, it can be expected that personal knowledge management will improve people's self-efficacy; because it increases a person's knowledge and awareness of desirable situations and goals.

 Aiming at identifying and determining the types and attributes of data entities in the Iranian-Islamic information context in order to apply them to enrich the metadata standards and schemas, the current research aims to determine the types of specific data entities in the Iranian-Islamic information context and the attributes of these data entities.

 The research was considered as developmental-applied research that conducted content analysis method. The specific data entities and their attributes of the Iranian-Islamic information context were extracted with the help of using the Delphi technique and documentation method. 10 experts in the field of information and knowledge organization were selected by purposeful sampling. In the next step, metadata entities of Iranian and Islamic data entities of National Library of Iran, Astan Quds Razavi Library, Library of Quranic Culture and Knowledge Center, and Library of Islamic Promotion Office and articles of the two databases of Wikifegh and Wikishia for each type of specific attributes of specific types of extracted data entities were examined.  

  To realize the goal of the research, 8 specific types of data entities were identified in the Iranian-Islamic information context by conducting the documental investigations. In the next step, suitable attributes for these types were extracted. 8 special types of data entities with special features were identified in Iranian-Islamic data entities, which include the first type of Mostadrak/ Zeil/ Takmaleh/ Elhaghat; The second type of Taghrir/ Amali/ Tahrir; The third type of Description/ Explanation/ Interpretation; The fourth type of Ejazeh; The fifth type of Samaat; The sixth type of Talighat/ Comment Margins; The seventh type is Jong / Safineh / Kashkol/ Bayaz/ Moraqa/ Khergheh and finally, the eighth type is Tazkereh/ Biography/ Autobiography. In Mostadrak/ Zeil/ Takmaleh/ Elhaghat, which are written to complete another book and compensate for its shortcomings, the four main attributes were included: Type of Mostadrak, Writing Style, Structure, and Missing Part. The only main attribute "Type of Mostadrak" has three attributes at the first level. In the Taghrir/ Amali/ Tahrir, authors have discussed the basics, reasons and explanations of their teachers during the presentation of the lesson, that is, the teacher has expressed and explained something and someone else has written it, the attribute of the Type of lecture was identified. In Description/ Explanation/ Interpretation, which means explaining the conditions governing the poem or writing, two attributes including the structure of the description and the sources of the description were identified. Ejazeh, which is discussed in the field of Hadith sciences, means that authority has permitted a person to enter into the discussion of Hadith and be a narrator of Hadith. It has two attributes, types of Ejazeh and degrees of Ejazeh. Sama'ats are discussed in the field of Hadith and its content is listening to Hadiths or hearing Hadiths and it has an attribute of the level of listening. In Talighat/ Comment Margins, which are generally taken as synonyms, two main attributes were identified, including the style of writing and the validity of the margin. In Jong / Safineh / Kashkol/ Bayaz/ Moraqa/ Khergheh, which are collections of materials, especially poems which have been compiled with the taste and effort of one or more people, the attribute of the type of Jong was identified. Finally, the Tazkereh/ Biography/ Autobiography has three attributes: the type of Tazkereh, the order of the book or the method of arrangement, and the number of entries.

 .In the current research, the attributes of various Iranian-Islamic data entities were identified so that these data entities can be represented and described optimally. The attributes of Iranian-Islamic data entities identified can be used to create a metadata application profile to describe and organize specific types of Iranian-Islamic information context data entities, especially in the electronic environment. Since the use of these attributes increases access points and improves accessibility to data entities, they can be used in different standards or different library software packages.

Nowadays, libraries need intrapreneurship to maintain their position and exert a greater impact on society. However, the results of studies show that intrapreneurship in libraries is in an unfavorable situation. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying and prioritizing the barriers to intrapreneurship in the libraries of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

The present study was applied in purpose and a survey in method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the librarians at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (n=47) and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (n=45). A stratified random sampling procedure was employed to determine the sample size (each university was considered one stratum). Based on Cochran’s sample size formula, the sample size for Ferdowsi University was calculated at 37 and the sample size for Mashhad University of Medical Sciences was calculated at 30. A researcher-generated questionnaire served as the data collection method. Due to the lack of a standardized questionnaire evaluating the barriers to intrapreneurship in libraries, a list of these barriers was prepared using a three-pronged model by reviewing relevant texts and literature as well as interviewing experts. The barriers were divided into three categories of behavioral, structural and contextual. Based on the list, a questionnaire was designed with two sections on a five-value Likert scale: demographic data and behavioral (34 items), structural (19 items), and contextual (19 items) intrapreneurship barriers. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by asking the opinion of the faculty members of the departments of Knowledge and Information Science as well as Management. Using Cronbach Alpha, the questionnaire’s reliability was also calculated and confirmed (82 percent). The data were analyzed using SPSS software for both the descriptive and inferential statistics. 

The results revealed the three categories of structural, behavioral, and contextual intrapreneurship barriers in the libraries of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. From the point of view of the librarians in both libraries, there was a meaningful difference between the three categories of barriers in terms of significance, indicating that the contextual barriers were the most significant, followed by the structural and behavioral barriers, respectively. Legal, economic, environmental, and technical factors made up the contextual barriers in the libraries of both universities. While economic factors were found to be the most significant contextual barrier in both universities, environmental factors were identified as the least significant ones. The social factors, however, were not among the contextual barriers in both universities. Organizational structure, performance evaluation system, and payment system in the libraries of both universities, and organizational strategy in the libraries of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were identified as the intrapreneurship structural barriers. Nevertheless, in no library under study information system was identified as a barrier. The payment system was found to be the most significant intrapreneurship barrier in the libraries of both universities. Performance evaluation system was identified as the least significant structural barriers in the libraries of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and organizational strategy was identified as the least significant structural barriers in the libraries of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Organizational culture and personality traits of the staff and managers in the libraries of both universities, as well as organizational conflict in the libraries of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad were not among the intrapreneurship behavioral barriers. However, the staff’s motivation and leadership style in the libraries of both universities, as well as organizational conflict in the libraries of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were identified as the intrapreneurship behavioral barriers. While the staff's motivation was the most significant intrapreneurship behavioral barrier in both universities, leadership style was the least significant barriers in the libraries of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, and organizational conflict was the least significant barrier in the libraries of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

There are numerous internal and external intrapreneurship barriers in the libraries of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. However, it is important to note that the personality traits of the librarians and managers as well as organizational culture in these libraries are in a good condition as important factors to shape entrepreneurial behavior in an organization and if the intrapreneurship barriers are removed, entrepreneurial activities will be well possible. It was further concluded that although contextual barriers were the most significant intrapreneurship behavioral barriers in these libraries and their removal is out of the control of the mother organization and libraries and require the government to revise policies and activities, the authorities and policy-makers of these two universities could benefit from the findings of this research and adopt suitable policies and strategies to remove these barriers.

Citation analysis plays an important role in research evaluation processes and their results are widely available to researchers for review and use. Citation is a scientific index that is used to evaluate the impact of science. The most important application of citation analysis is science policy making and research evaluation. In order to have a constant growth of coverage as well as to increase the accuracy in crediting for publication of large citation databases, the analysis of indexes of their scientific publications should be evaluated and reviewed by users and researchers to have appropriate measures for them. Scopus, WOS, and Mathscinet citation databases rank the journals using their own indexes and then classify them into four qualitative categories based on the quartile of their index. These categories represent the value of citing sources in the journals. One of the factors of choosing a journal to submit articles is the quality category or the ranking of that journal in citation databases. Therefore, the classification of journals is of great importance in terms of quality. The existing method in citation databases for categorizing journals is not a suitable method; Because from a statistical point of view, the statistical distribution of these indexes is not taken to find their quartile. In the research, we introduce citation databases in some related branches with references to their articles. In each database, the collection of journals is divided into four identical categories based on their indexes, which are: Q1 category includes journals with the highest value, Q2 category includes journals of the second category of values, Q3 categories include journals of the third category of values and Q4 categories include journals with the lowest value. These quadrants do not show the quality of the articles, but the quality of the journals in terms of citations. Scopus, WOS, and MathSicNet databases and their indexes are evaluated in the paper. The aim of this study is introducing the new methods for assessing the validity of journals in Scopus, WOS, and Mathscinet database. Also, the categories are compared by using descriptive statistics as well as different parametric and non-parametric statistical inference methods.

Using official and registration statistics and by referring to Scopus, WOS and Mathscinet databases, extract the list of journals along with their ranking index. In other words, in this research, census is used as a statistical survey method. Excel 2013 spreadsheet was used to data registry. After collecting the data, by using parametric (based on statistical distribution) and non-parametric methods, their quartiles were calculated according to specific index for each database and quartile quality categories were defined and journals were categorized accordingly. Then, by using the contingency table and the Kappa agreement coefficient, the agreement was measured. SPSS (version 23) software was used to perform the Kappa agreement coefficient test, and EasyFit (version 5.5) software was used to obtain the quartiles by parametric method using their distribution. In this way, the classification of the database is compared with the classification obtained from two non-parametric and parametric methods. The significance level of the tests throughout this research is set as 5%.

The classification of statistical and mathematical journals in MathSciNet database based on the parametric and non-parametric methods has been compared as well as in two fields, pure and applied. The results show that the p-value of the Kappa agreement coefficient is less than 0.001, which is less than the significance level of the test, i.e. 0.05. So, it can be said that the Kappa coefficient for these categories is not zero. It is concluded that non-parametric and parametric methods have no difference in obtaining pure and applied categories. The amount of Kappa coefficient indicates a high agreement both for the classification of two non-parametric and parametric methods and for the pure and applied fields of this database. Also, in comparison of parametric and non-parametric methods of pure and applied fields in statistics based on the MCQ index in the Mathscinet database, the accuracy of these comparisons in pure and applied fields is equal to 79.44% and 97.11%, respectively, and the degree of misclassification 58.6% and 2.89% were obtained, respectively. The results show that the proposed methods to categorize the journals in each database, are more accurate and more efficient, and categorize the journals according to their actual validity.

The parametric method is more accurate than the classification method in the three databases, because the parametric method pays attention to the statistical distribution of the journals ranking index. Therefore, the parametric method, in addition to more accurate classification of journals based on quality, helps researchers to be able to more accurately and efficiently select the journal according to its qualitative category. Also in this paper, an attempt was made to provide a kind of classification for mathematics and statistics journals.

Information literacy involves an understanding of how information is created, accessed, shared and valued and the abilities and mindset necessary to be able to locate, evaluate, use and create information sources ethically and effectively. On the other hand, visual literacy is a set of abilities that enable an individual to effectively find, interpret, evaluate, use and create images and visual media. Visual literacy is important because it is a basic skill to help us understand and learn about the world around. The academic libraries advocate the alignment of visual literacy and information literacy competencies as a method for connecting multiple literacies in information literacy instruction. Information literacy relies on a productive concurrence of different types of literacies, including visual literacy. Many academic libraries spend a considerable amount of time helping their users develop information literacy competencies. Most applications of information literacy do not include visual literacy elements. Emerging applications such as transliteracy and metaliteracy do incorporate aspects of visual literacy, but these applications have not yet become mainstream information literacy approaches. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of visual literacy component to enhance information literacy in university libraries.

Method of this study was a combination of library method, Delphi and survey and its type is applied. The research approach is also quantitative. The statistical population was 9 members of the faculty members from different universities and institutions of higher education who were top experts familiar with the basics of information and visual literacy in the Delphi panel. The final proposed performance indicators were extracted from the Delphi panel. In the validation phase, 30 undergraduate and PhD students in knowledge and information science in Islamic Azad University, Hamadan Branch were involved. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by formal validity method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for reliability which was equal to 0.73.

Important components of the proposed performance indicator model of visual literacy include visual cognition skills, evaluation of visual resources, use of visual resources in the reference section, evaluation of the nature of information, identification of keywords of visual exploration, control of visual domain terms, matching visual search results, formulation of strategies, exploring visual information, determining appropriate image evaluation criteria, detecting visual source errors, organizing visuals in research, developing search processes, evaluating and transmitting visual information, use of information technology to produce appropriate image, modifying and editing images, production and presentation of appropriate graphics, better representation of visual images, observance of security and confidentiality of images, free access to visual resources, legal use of visuals, respect for copyright in the use of images, prevention of plagiarism of visuals and observance of accurate and complete citations in the use of visual resources.

The results showed that all the performance indicators proposed by experts, master and Ph.D. students have an effective role in improving professional activity in accessing visual information resources in academic libraries and can help users in better retrieval and use of images and visual media. Designed model and its test showed that all the results of seven standards of visual literacy have a positive effect on the enhancement of information literacy. According to the obtained results, it is suggested that short-term visual literacy training courses for students and professors are held in universities and higher education centers to strengthen the skills of exploring, acquiring and using visual items among them. Also, in university libraries, attention is paid to strengthening the visual literacy skills of librarians and information science specialists and to familiarize them with its standards and elements. For the reference librarians, the methods of using images and visual media are explained and the necessary techniques are taught to them. Also, international regulations for the use of images and visual formats should be observed. Guidelines for the application and use of visual media based on intellectual property rights and copyright should be developed in university libraries. Appropriate operational exercises to achieve visual items, production of visual resources, visualization methods, evaluation of images, appropriate use of visuals and visual needs assessment methods should be considered for information science specialists in libraries.

The analysis of the credible future of the Islamic Azad University's scientific structure based on its productions in the Web of Science database based on the views of top researchers and scientific policy-making managers of that organization is the aim of this research.

The current research is an applied research with a qualitative approach, and in order to analyze the credible future of the scientific structure of Islamic Azad University productions, it has used the method of content analysis of the views of researchers and scientific policy-making managers of Islamic Azad University. The semi-structured in-depth interview method was used to collect information, the questions of which were restructured from the research results in the scientific structure of the Islamic Azad University and focused on the believable future and from 10 top researchers in seven main subject areas (basic sciences, medicine, humanities, technical and engineering, art and architecture, veterinary medicine and agriculture) and scientific policy-making managers of Islamic Azad University were interviewed by targeted sampling method. Data analysis was done using the qualitative content analysis method using MAXQDA software in three stages of open, central and selective coding phases.

The qualitative analysis of the research results led to the identification of 73 concepts and 18 sub-categories in the subset of 3 main categories (past weight/present pressure/future tension) for the believable future of the scientific structure of Islamic Azad University. The weight of the past in the triangle of the believable future of the scientific production structure of Islamic Azad University consists of 7 categories and 32 concepts, the pressure of the present consists of 4 categories and 21 concepts, and the tension of the future also consists of 7 categories and 21 concepts. Also, the findings showed that the scientific structure of Islamic Azad University has overcome various obstacles such as weight and propellants such as current pressure. As well, prospects have been formed as a future trend.

The results showed that the scientific structure of the Islamic Azad University is more inclined towards the weight of the past and the pressure of the present, and it is necessary for the university officials to take measures to reduce the weight of the past (research, organizational, motivational, economic, cultural, communication and technological obstacles) and keep up with the pressure. Research, technological, motivational and economic drivers should be considered in order to change the direction towards the future traction (research, economic, technological perspectives, organizational structure, motivational, cultural and communication) so that the university has a smooth and faster way to reach the scientific structure. To achieve the desired scientific structure, Islamic Azad University can achieve the credible future of the structure of its scientific productions from the role and effects of negative and inhibiting factors that exist in the form of the weight of the past, with a correct and defined understanding of these obstacles, the first and most important step of the necessary efforts in order to achieve the goals of the vision document and comprehensive scientific map of the country. Also, one way of synchronizing with the current pressure is to withdraw from raw sales and not to use scientific productions and direction of research topics; which is the main driver of Islamic Azad University. Also, in line with the direction of the future, Islamic Azad University with the ecosystem of scientific productions can take a big step in drawing a credible future of its scientific structure.

User satisfaction is a main factor in the stability and acceptance as well as continuation of public library and its services in the age of many alternatives at hand for accessing needed data and information. Many factors are at work in the creation and promotion of user satisfaction in public libraries. The architecture and space of public libraries are effective in user satisfaction. They act as main motivators in attracting users and encouraging them to use the provided services as many related studies in the field show. The possible effect of the space and architecture of public libraries in Iranian context have not been investigated yet. In this survey, the role of architecture and space of public libraries in user satisfaction was studied and explained in the context of Iran.

In this descriptive-analytical survey, out of 1500 active users in 23 Kermamshah Public Libraries, a sample of 375 users was selected in 2018 by using stratified random sampling with Cochran formula. Study instrument was a paper-and pencil questionnaire. It included 4 factors or components (consisting of inner and outside library architecture, physical space and facilities, supportive space and facilities, and removing acoustic disturbance as an obstacle to reading), 6 subcomponents and 39 questions or items in a 5-pointed Likert-type scale that its reliability and formal validity were achieved by Chronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. 346 complete questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS 23 and data underwent descriptive and inferential statistical procedures for testing study hypotheses and generalization of results. .

Out of subjects, 224 and 122 users were male and female, respectively. The descriptive indicators on the study variables had the scale higher than the moderate level (=3), with removing the acoustic disturbance as the highest scored variable and designing the supportive space and facilities as the least sored one. Data analysis and study findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between the architecture of public libraries and their users' satisfaction (t(n=346,df=345) = 17.945, p<.01) There is a significant relationship between physical factors and users' satisfaction (z(n=346) = -2.363, p<.05). However, there is not a significant relationship between removing acoustic disturbance and user satisfaction (z(n=346) = -.292, p>.01). The relationship between designing supportive spaces and users' satisfaction was significant, too (t(n=346,df=345)= 14.434, p<.01). In overall, the results showed that public library users consider library space and its architecture (including all studied subcomponent) as main and influential factors in fulfilling their needs and achieving their satisfaction.

It can be said that libraries are not success without having a satisfactory space and architecture. As the building of a library, including public libraries is not an administrative and formal space, but a public service and potentially attractive one, its appropriate space and attractive architecture can be beneficial to its service promotion and development for users with many other alternatives at hand that may select one or more among them. For attracting and satisfying public library's users, it is needed that library managers and administrators take public library internal and external architecture and space into account for providing better services and more satisfaction. These two factors are effective in library socialization as heavily affect the sense of users when coming into and using library services. In addition, the obstacles to user satisfaction in designing Iranian public libraries need to be investigated in further research projects. User satisfaction remains a main element in absorbing users for the public libraries and using their widely-ranged services as possible.

Deadly outbreak of Corona virus in the late 2019 is the main challenge for human society. The pandemic of dangerous and highly contagious virus in addition harmed businesses and jobs and also caused serious harms to the field of science. Libraries as cultural and social institutions which are responsible in providing information have special place in field of crisis management and because of the type of services of libraries that associated with in-person users, many libraries have closed at the same time during pandemic of this virus, but many university libraries reopened in short break again and started their activities. Of course, this reopening has doubled concern for managers, librarians and users about readiness of university libraries in facing and dealing with this virus. Due to type of libraries and characteristics of users’ community and different culture and necessary facilities, libraries are so various therefore the decisions and type of services are so different. So, this survey decided to investigate the readiness of university libraries in Isfahan during the epidemic of coronavirus and the effect on the current activities and measure and decision taken against this virus.

This research was done by survey method. The statistical population was staff in university libraries of Isfahan city including Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan University, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan University of Art, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Azad University branch of Khorasgan, and Payam Noor University. Also, tool for collecting data are self-administrated questionnaire conformed by experts and professors of library science and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha as .77. It used SPSS software version 26 and for confirmatory factor analysis used Amos software version 24 and to analysis data from descriptive statistic and drawing graph used one sample t-test with the level of .5.

According to the information obtained from findings of the current survey, it was determined that weighted average of the total score of the answers given to questions which is related to the level of readiness of university libraries in facing the crisis of the COVID-19 disease amounted to 66.66%. It showed the readiness of libraries is good and above average. The highest score which indicates implementation of suggested solution in Isfahan libraries belong to requirement of using mask for users after that implementation of shift work and remote work are in the second place and auto renewal of resource is in the third place of public implementation of these methods at the Isfahan university libraries. Reducing working hours and enabling search, renewing and reserving resources and paying fine for late delivery electronically by the library software is located in fourth place with a smooth difference. But in the mentioned libraries, no attention was paid to disinfection of return sources and taking fever at the time of entry.

The state of readiness of investigated libraries is evaluated as optimal while pandemic of COVID-19 causes reduction in main activities of libraries. One of the main strength points of investigated libraries against this virus can be mentioned as the use of internet network infrastructure and use of web library software with proper ability which provides users with access to resource and document electronically without visiting in-person. While until to archive the proper point, infrastructure development and increasing level of digital literacy, improving media literacy skills, developing user's access to information resource, controlling the digital content, using multimedia resources and reducing digital gap need more attention. If this condition continues, it is strongly probably that libraries will have many changes in providing services and it will more often virtual and electronic therefore suggested that library manager providing suitable chance to share their creativity and innovation get from different various special areas in fighting against COVID-19 with other communities which are involved in this epidemic crisis. Also it is necessary to settlement infrastructure related to information and communication technology with the aim of transferring performance  services from tradition to online, choose mixed pattern, the need to allocated budget for libraries, obtain new skill by university librarian for supporting distance education and learning, correct information and reliability, holding  virtual reading meeting, increasing media literacy producing digital content and presenting services in virtual space platform, sharing information between users, preparing informative poster and etc. should be given more attention.

This study aimed to identify the amount of public libraries use by young people and the most important barriers facing them to use public libraries in the city of Mashhad.

The current research is applied in the objective, functional and analytical approach and survey method was used. The statistical population of the current research was selected from among the young people working in the government offices of Mashhad who had at least a bachelor's degree. To select Mashhad offices, a list of these offices was prepared and among them, 10 offices through systematic random were selected. According to the sample size (n = 170), 17 questionnaires were distributed among the employees of each of the 10 offices by simple sampling method and were used in the analysis. The face validity of the questionnaire was checked and confirmed by the faculty members. In order to analyze the data, first, a brief description of the demographic characteristics of the study population including gender, age and level of education was provided. By using descriptive statistics indicators (prevalence, percentage, mean, standard deviation and variance) and chi-square test and t-test of a sample, the data and answers given to the questionnaire were described and analyzed, and the research questions and hypotheses were answered based on this. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured using SPSS software and Cronbach's alpha was 0.78, which indicates good reliability.  

The results of the research showed that educated young people in the city of Mashhad offices in both sexes and in different educational levels in the use of public libraries were homogeneous. In the present study, a small percentage (%32.9) of the respondents were members of the public library, and only a small percentage (%36.35) of them used the public library. The study showed that young people are, on average, tend to use public libraries and from their point of view, to use of public libraries, to a small extent, is essential. Among the inhibiting factors in the use of public libraries, with the library method, the most important inhibiting factors were identified in the category of other factors (%28.27), which were: the weakness of the prevailing culture in the society in terms of emphasis on reading books, lack of encouragement of mass media to study, lack of encouragement of family (parents) and friends to read books and financial and expensive issues (family economic problems) and the least inhibiting factor was related to library staff (%7.68). In general, the most important factors preventing the use of public libraries are: the dominance of visual and audio media, obtaining information from channels other than libraries, lack of time or opportunity to study, libraries not being open at the required hours, low advertising to attract young people. to study and libraries, the location of libraries being far from the place of residence, the lack of organized public libraries in the city (lack of public libraries in the workplace and living), the lack of up-to-date library resources, the lack of required books, the lack of specialized, experienced and Experienced in guiding people and lack of efficiency of some existing staff, lack of public library space and busyness.

Due to the dominance of visual and audio media, obtaining information from channels other than libraries, the location of libraries being far from the place of residence, the lack of up-to-date library resources and the lack of specialized, experienced and experienced human resources to guide people, as the most important inhibiting factors. The use of public libraries by young people is suggested to solve these problems: placing the full text of some needed resources such as: books and articles on the library website, using virtual space facilities such as: Viber, Line, Telegram, and… to inform about news. and library services to people, increasing the quantity and quality of library resources according to people's needs and the good manners of librarians and library officials and proper treatment with patrons, which can help solve problems and make more use of public libraries by young people. Originality/value:By identifying the factors preventing young people from using public libraries, it is possible to identify and prioritize the most important implementation solutions and help the authorities and those involved to adopt the appropriate strategies, which can ultimately provide the growth and development and physical and mental health of the youth.

Today, public libraries are one of the most important socio-cultural centers of advanced societies, which play a fundamental role in the cultural and economic development of societies. The satisfaction of the users of these public institutions can increase the authority of these institutions. One of the important and influential components on the satisfaction of public library users is the quality of services. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the quality of public libraries services in Qaemshahr city from the perspective of library users. Based on this, the sub-goals of the current research are: Investigating the quality of Qaemshahr public library services; studying the satisfaction status of Qaemshahr public libraries users and determining the effect of "service quality" on the level of satisfaction of Qaemshahr public libraries users.

The approach of this research is quantitative and it is considered to be applied research. Since the number of libraries under investigation is 5 and according to Cochran's formula, the sample size of 300 questionnaires was distributed in the mentioned libraries and the same number of questionnaires were returned. The research tool included the satisfaction measurement questionnaire as well as the LibQual questionnaire, which has three dimensions: "impact of library services", "information control", and "library space and location". It was obtained from the stratified sampling method. The validity of these two questionnaires was confirmed by experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha test for all research variables and amounted to .81 and considering that the value of the alpha coefficient for both variables of library service quality and overall satisfaction of clients and the three variables of service impact, information impact and library location is more than .7 As a result, the reliability of variables and components is acceptable. In order to explain the conceptual model of the research and the research plan, first the effect of the three dimensions of the service quality variable on the dependent variable of the research, i.e. the overall satisfaction of users with the library was investigated. Then, using the necessary calculations, the type of each of the dimensions was determined based on the services of Kano's satisfaction model, and the performance level of each of the dimensions was obtained using IPA performance. In the present study, three dimensions of "service impact", "information control" and "library space and location" as independent variables along with the dependent variable of "users' satisfaction with library services" formed the research variables. By measuring the effect of LibQual dimensions on the dependent variable of user satisfaction and the calculations related to Kano's model, it was determined which of the components are among the levels of basic, functional and motivational factors and finally by using IPA performance (high and low performance), each feature was determined.

The ranking of the service quality components of public libraries in Qaimshahr city is significant. The service impact component is part of the group of motivational services with high performance, this shows that the managers of the studied public libraries do not need to improve the performance of this component. Instead, the performance of this component should be maintained at the current level. The information control component is a part of the group of motivational services and has a low performance, and if its performance is improved, it can cause a significant increase in satisfaction. The studied public libraries need to improve the performance of this component. The library location component is part of the functional services group. This variable has a low performance score. In the interpretation of functional service group, it should be said that increasing performance and variable level increases satisfaction and decreasing its level decreases satisfaction. It is necessary for the managers of the studied public libraries to try to improve the location of the library.

At present, the findings of the study generally indicate the desirability of the impact of information services and control and the space and location of the library is at a relatively desirable level. The general satisfaction with the quality of public libraries in Qaemshahr is relatively favorable. Satisfaction level was good for the three items and moderately desirable level for the three items.

One of the features of the digital library is providing services to meet the information needs of users and personalized services are one of the new ways of providing services in digital libraries and an important process in the development of these libraries and attracting users. It seems that there is a major gap between the role and importance of personalized services and the use of these services in digital libraries, especially academic digital libraries. So the main purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the development and promotion of personalized services in digital academic libraries from the perspective of information science experts.

The study was conducted with a qualitative methodology. To collect data, semi-structured interview with information sciences experts in the field of digital library who familiar with personalized services was used. Sampling method was purposeful sampling. The interview protocol included the introductory text, questions, prompts and the end text of the interview. At the beginning of the interview, information was shared with the experts about the why, importance and steps of the research. In the interview, according to the main purpose of the research, three questions were asked: What is the status of personalized services in digital academic libraries in Iran? , What are the barriers to and factors for facilitating implementation of personalized services in digital academic libraries in Iran?, What are the proposed solutions to improve the current situation of personalized services in digital academic libraries in Iran? In this study, planned and informal prompts were used. The planned prompts include software, library management, librarians, users, and library services, which were obtained by studying sources related to personalized services and factors influencing the development of digital libraries. In the end text of the interview, the experts who participated in the interview were asked to state any matter or point that was neglected during the interview. The interview was saturated with 16 people, including 7 librarians and 9 faculty members. Qualitative content analysis with inductive approach was used to analyze the interviews. The criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba (1985) were considered for the validation of the interview.

Findings showed that regarding the first question of the interview, experts had similar perspective and declared the status of personalization in digital academic libraries is in the earliest development stages. Regarding the second question of the interview, 6 categories, 4 subcategories and 32 codes related to barriers to personalized services implementation and 4 categories, 4 subcategories and 27 codes related to facilitators of personalization of services were identified in digital academic libraries. In general, most of the barriers and facilitating factors that are related to the personalized services have been discussed at the general level about digital libraries. In relation to the third question of the interview, the experts suggested 16 solutions. The majority of experts' suggestions for the development of these services refer to the category of human factors.

This study showed that there are six factors influencing the development of personalized services in Iranian digital academic libraries include technical issues, legal issues, human factors, organizational structure and management, cultural and social issues and library functions. Therefore, according to the findings of the research, it can be said that the development of personalized services in digital academic libraries in Iran should be considered from multiple aspects.

  Every day, many researches are conducted and results are obtained that seem to remain at the level of a research and are not exploited. According to Reher and Morrison, the results of the researches should be able to help managers and decision makers in making decisions and formulating and revising the organizational policy. Because research findings can be helpful in identifying needs, identifying issues and problems, prioritizing facilities and financial and human resources, and providing new solutions. The issue of communication between the two communities of researchers and decision makers is not a new thing and we have said and heard for a long time that universities and research institutions, as one of the most important sources of knowledge production, should have a proper relationship with the organizations that consume this knowledge. This communication is a two-way process and it obviously improves the effectiveness of the activities of both of them, i.e. the university and the benefiting organizations.  Information science has more than half a century of academic experience and associate to doctoral degrees, and research is one of its prerequisites. However, despite this historical precedent, some current writings indicate that most of the knowledge produced in the form of dissertations is unused or lacks research value, or by repeating the previous material, lacks innovation and the ability to influence and They do not have application in the scientific community. With regard to this issue, the present study aimed to identify the reasons for this and provide solutions to improve it.

This research was conducted in two stages. In the first, literature of the subject was analyzed and the effective factors in writing and compiling academic researches were identified. After refining and removing duplicates, the identified variables were placed in the three components of producers (students), mediators (the university system, include teachers), and consumers (operating community) and a questionnaire was designed based on it. Then each of its components and variables were measured by postgraduate graduates of library and information science.

By content analyzes, 12 variables were obtained as individual influential factors in the efficiency of academic research and their application. Nearly 100% of the graduates believed that being motivated had the greatest impact on a good and successful dissertation. After that, ignorance of how to conduct research due to lack of previous experience or incorrect teacher training has been mentioned as an important issue. Also, 14 variables were obtained in relation to contextual factors (mediators of knowledge / university system); Among them, the lack of material and spiritual support for research students by the university or the educational system, the inability of professors to give new and innovative ideas to students, the lack of knowledge of professors on research topics and lack of knowledge of 90% of the problems Was assigned. Also, by content analyzes of the related texts, 11 variables related to the scientific community and exploitation centers had a higher frequency. Among these variables are the distrust of executive branch managers in academic achievements or the weakness of administrative structures in exploiting academic research findings in decision-making, low quality level, ignorance of administrative bodies and stakeholders of academic research and its topics. Lack of material or spiritual support for academic dissertations was one of the most frequent variables mentioned by the research community.

Any decision that has research support can be a model for similar decisions in similar circumstances. It is obvious that managers in academic environment who wish to avoid major failures in their decisions and plans should pay more attention to research and university systems in order to be able to integrate the knowledge gained from education with research findings and inject it into professional communities. Dissertations play an important role in the production of new knowledge. For this reason, the academic system in library and information science must pay special attention to the competencies and continuous improvement of the process of production, exchange and proper application of knowledge among students, faculty and consumers of knowledge in order to use research findings to produce more effective products or provide stronger services.