مجله علمی پژوهان
سال بیستم شماره 4 (پاییز 1401)

Obesity and overweight in addition to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, greatly effects reproductive health as well. Although the positive effects of exercise on weight control and minimizing cardiovascular risk factors has been proven, the effects may vary depending on the type and intensity of the exercise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of 6 weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined training on the serum leptin levels and cardiovascular risk factors in inactive obese girls.

Twenty-eight obese inactive girl volunteers of age between 20-27 years old participated in this study. The subjects were randomly placed into one of four groups (aerobic, resistant, combined and control). Serum levels of leptin, body mass index, body fat percentage, lipid profile and WHR were measured at baseline and after exercise training. Training program lasted for six weeks and it was carried out 3 times per week. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis at a (P < 0.05).

After 6 weeks of exercise training, serum levels of leptin in all three groups decreased significantly compared to the control group
(P < 0.001). Also, six weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined training significantly reduced body fat percentage, body mass index, cholesterol and triglycerides (P < 0.001). In comparison between the groups, combined exercises had a more favorable effect on reducing leptin levels and cardiovascular risk factors.

Combined exercise appears to be more effective in reducing serum leptin and cardiovascular risk factors in inactive obese girls

Paying attention to the mother-child relationship is of great importance. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the impact of mothers’ effective communication training on the duration of the mother-child relationships in infants.

In this quasi-experimental study 250 mothers (125 in each group) with infants under one year of age participated by using stratified sampling method. Data were collected by a questionnaire before and 1.5 months after training. For the intervention group, the training program was presented in three sessions of 30 minutes per week. Data were using Independent t-test, Paired t-test, Chi-square, and regression analysis.

The time of hugging, playing, effective eye contact, and skin contact of most of the infants before the intervention was similar (P > 0.05); however, after the intervention, the number of hours of hugging, playing, effective eye contact, and skin contact of the infant was significantly increased in the intervention group in comparison to the control group (P < 0.05).

This study shows that mothers’ communication training affects the duration of the mother-child relationship. It is recommended mothers be taught on the effective methods of communication in health centers.

Migraine is a chronic disease and the most common type of debilitating headache in children.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between self-management and headache severity, quality of life and physical activity in children with migraine.

In this cross-sectional study, 200 children with chronic migraine referred to the clinic of Besat Hospital and Imam Khomeini Clinic in Hamadan during the years 2019-2021 were studied. The research tools consisted of questionnaires for demographic information, stages of pain transformation, examining the effect of headache, Kindle quality of life and physical activity. Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation test were used to analyze the data. The significance level was at 0.05.

One-way analysis of variance test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of headache self-management and the duration of migraine attacks in terms of headache severity. There was a direct and significant relationship between headache intensity score and quality of life and the number of migraine headache symptoms (P < 0.05)and a significant inverse relationship (P < 0.01)with the number of migraine attacks per month. There was a statistically significant difference between number of migraine episodes in a month and the severity of headache (P < 0.01).

Self-management was not associated with the headache severity, quality of life and physical activity, but severe headache reduced the quality of life and decreased the frequency of symptoms and increased the number of migraine episodes per month.

Mental calming techniques including relaxation and cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy, are very important because they induce relaxation, a pleasant feeling and a sense of well-being. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of relaxation and cognitive-behavioral hypnosis therapy on children's stress.

In a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test study, among all fifth grade male elementary school students in the second district of Mashhad in the academic year 2020-2021, 45 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into three groups (Experiment one: Relaxation, Experiment Two: Cognitive-behavioral hypnosis therapy, group 3: control group). The experimental groups received the intervention program, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected through a stress questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that relaxation training and cognitive-behavioral hypnosis therapy were effective in reducing children's stress (P < 0.01), and there was no difference between the effectiveness of two therapies in reducing children's stress (P < 0.05).

Relaxation training and cognitive-behavioral hypnosis therapy can be used as an alternative treatment along with other psychological interventions in the treatment of children's psychological problems.

Nurses must be sufficiently skilled in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of case scenario teaching methods and concept map on learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills among nursing students.

In this quasi-experimental study consisting two-groups, before-after intervention, 103 nursing students chosen by simple random sampling were put in two groups: case scenario group (October entrance, 53 students) and concept map group (February entrance, 50 students). The data collection tool was a cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills checklist that was completed before and after the intervention. Training sessions were held for each group for 3 days and 4 hours every day. The collected data were analyzed using Independent t-test, Paired t-test, and Chi-square.

The mean learning score before the educational intervention was 19.57 in the case scenario group and 18.80 in the concept map group (P = 0.258). After the intervention, the mean was 33.55 in the case scenario group and 39.46 in the concept map group (P = 0.0001). The learning score after the intervention compared to before the intervention was increased in the concept map group by an average of 20.66 and in the case scenario group by 13.98 points, the difference between groups was statistically significant (P = 0.0001).

Both educational methods are effective in raising the learning efficacy of students. However, training by concept map method compared to case scenario method caused better learning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills among nursing students.

Stereotyped movements are one of the main symptoms in children with autism and can cause disruption in the daily life of the child. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Spark exercise program and music on stereotyped behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder.

This study was a quasi-experimental, before and after study. The study sample consisted of 20 children aged 5 to 12 years with autism in Boroujerd in 2021 who were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria. Stereotyped behaviors were measured by the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS) scale. Then the intervention consisted of 24 sessions of Spark exercise program with music, 3 sessions lasting for 45 minutes per week for 8 weeks. Instruments completed immediately and one month after the intervention and the results were compared with the pre-test results.

According to the analysis of variance with repeated measures, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean score of stereotyped behavior before the intervention, immediately after the intervention and one month after the intervention (P = 0.0001, F (1, 19) = 12.6).

The results showed that spark and music program can be effective in reducing stereotyped behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders. Therefore, given the simplicity, effectiveness and cheapness of these activities, it is recommended to be used by educators and families as a way to improve the social life of these children.

Interval training, in various forms, is one of the most effective tools today to improve cardiorespiratory and metabolic function and in turn improve physical function. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of 8 weeks of continuous, intermittent exercise on maximum oxygen consumption, muscle endurance and general health of overweight seventh grade male students.

For this purpose, 60 overweight male students with body mass index of 21.9 to 26.8 were selected and randomly divided into three groups of continuous, interval and control exercisean groups. The training protocol was performed for 8 weeks for each group for a duration of 20 to 30 minutes. Maximum oxygen consumption, muscle endurance (based on swimming tests, burp, squat, jump, ...) and general health using the general health questionnaire were measured before and after the last training session. Data analysis was performed using Dependent t-test and analysis of variance.

The results of the study indicate a significant increase in maximal oxygen consumption, muscle endurance and improvement of general health of subjects (P ≤ 0.05).

The effect of periodic exercise on maximal oxygen consumption and some general health indicators was greater, but there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups in terms of muscle endurance.

Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common problems of school aged children which if not prevented and treated can lead to physical and psychosocial disorders. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between musculoskeletal disorder and school Bag features among mentally retarded students.

The present research is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Thirty three students with mental retardation in Hamadan were selected for this study. Demographic and Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaires were used to collect data. Independent t-test, and Chi-square test were used for analysis.

The results showed the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is 54% in mentally retarded students. The most common site of pain, in 36% of them, is shoulder pain. The significant relationship is between bag weight and mentally retarded students 'gender (P = 0.006) and mothers' education (P = 0.01). There was no significant relationship between bag type and musculoskeletal pain (P = 0.48).

Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop regular treatment plans and close cooperation of rehabilitation specialists with teachers and families of these students in order to make timely diagnosis and treatment. The need for educational strategies in the field of ergonomics due to the health of mentally retarded students should be considered.

Emotion dysregulation is one of the main reasons underlying problematic adolescent behaviors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an emotion regulation program based on externalizing and internalizing symptoms of bullying adolescents.

This quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test study with a control group along with a follow-up period was performed among first grade female high school students in Tehran in the academic year 2019-2020. About 30 Students were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of 15; experimental and control. Intervention was performed only for the experimental group in 12 sessions of 90 minutes. Data collection tools were the Illinois Bullying Questionnaire, Achenbach Behavioral Problems, and Cicchetti Emotion Regulation. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and repeated analysis of covariance.

Mean scores of post-test behavioral problems in the experimental and control groups were significantly different (P < 0.05), indicating the positive effect of the program.

An emotion regulation program designed to improve the internalized and externalized symptoms of bullying adolescents was shown to be effective.

Promoting emotion regulation and social relationships has a key role in students' health and can affect their future success. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of play-based education on students' emotional regulation and social relationships.

This quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test study, included all female students of the second and third grades of Zahedan city in the academic year 2021-2022. Thirty patients were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of 15; experimental and control. The participants answered the Gross & John (2003) Social Relations Regulation Questionnaire, Barton et al. (2006). The experimental group participated in 12 play therapy sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in post-test in terms of emotion regulation and students' social relationships (P < 0.001).

Game education was effective in improving students 'emotional regulation and social relationships, so play therapy can be used to improve students' emotion regulation and social relationships.