Journal of Current Oncology and Medical Sciences
Volume:2 Issue: 2, Spring 2022

 According to the high prevalence of alcohol poisoning, we aimed to study the demographical and clinical characteristics of patients with alcohol abuse, and the frequency of alcohol poisoning in hospitalized patients with alcohol consumption..

 In this cross-sectional study, a total number of 513 patients who were referred to the Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran, from 2015 to 2019, were tested for alcohol consumption. A checklist including demographic and clinical data of patients was completed by the researchers. Statistical analysis was performed via SPSS software version.22.

 Data analysis revealed that 85% of patients were male and the mean age of patients was 31.13±21.6 (12-18 years). 83.4% of the patients were residents of the city, and 52.8% were married. Self-employee had the highest frequency with 52.8%. 70.6% of the patients had alcohol abuse, and 49.7% of the patients had a history of smoking. In 96% of patients, the alcohol abuse was ethanol and in 4% of patients, it was methanol. 95.1% of the studied patients had symptoms of poisoning. 47% of patients had decreased level of consciousness. 58.9% of patients experienced nausea and vomiting. The majority of patients (96.7%) did not need dialysis. Studies showed that 95.5% of patients fully recovered.

 Alcohol consumption is increasing in all different age groups, genders and social classes in Guilan province, but this rate has been higher in men and young people than in others, as well as lower educational levels, family income, unemployed, and lower social status can be considered as main factors that result in a higher risk of alcohol abuse.

 Osteoporosis is an important problem in postmenopausal women. The use of best treatment is crucial to attaining appropriate therapeutic and prophylactic outcomes. Combination therapy versus single therapy may develop better results. This study was performed to determine the effects of alendronate alone versus plus hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone mineral density (BMD) in Iranian postmenopausal osteoporotic women.

 In this randomized clinical trial 200 consecutive postmenopausal osteoporotic women since 2018 to 2020 were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either alendronate 70 mg alone or plus HRT 0.625 mg CEE and 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate. The improvement in BMD, hot flash, vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, and mood disorders was assessed after 12 months and compared across the groups. SPSS software by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-Square, and Mann-Whitney-U tests.

 Complete improvement in BMD was seen in 20 and 47 percent in single and combination groups, respectively with statistically significant difference (P=0.001). According to results, the improvements in hot flashes (P=0.048), vaginal dryness (P=0.001), dyspareunia (P=0.002), and mood disorders (P=0.001) in women were better in combination group.

 The addition of HRT to alendronate can increase the therapeutic effects on BMD and other symptoms in postmenopausal osteoporotic women and its use is recommended.

 Yellow fever virus causes systemic disease of the liver, kidneys, myocardium and hemorrhage, which are high incidence and mortality. Lycopene is one of the effective antioxidants used to prevent the growth of cancerous tumors. DNAJC14 protein is a variant of heat shock protein (chaperone) Hsp40. Hsp40 chaperone protein (DNAJC14) that when overexpressed was able to mediate protection from yellow fever virus (YFV)-induced cell death. In this study, to find a new treatment for yellow fever, the effect of lycopene on the expression of DNAJC14 gene involved in yellow fever was investigated.

In this project, using bioinformatics software, such as Matlab and Cytoscape, the effect of lycopene on the expression of DNAJC14 gene, as well as the relationship of this gene with different genes have been investigated. Big gene expression data in the NCBI database were used for this study.

Analysis of microarray data showed that the expression level of DNAJC14 gene was increased under the influence of lycopene.

 The lycopene combination can be used as a preventative and even treatment for yellow fever viral disease due to the effect DNAJC14 gene expression.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in tumor formation, drug and radiation resistance, invasive growth, metastasis, and tumor progression and are major causes of cancer-related mortality. Gastrointestinal cancers are one of the most common malignancies and causes of cancer death worldwide. Because gastrointestinal cancer stem cells are thought to be resistant to common treatments, new and effective treatments are needed. Cancer stem cells have been reported in colorectal, esophageal, gastric, liver and pancreatic cancers. Given that, understanding the formation of cancer stem cells and identifying control pathways and investigating the molecular mechanism of signaling involved in these cells and their role in cancer treatment leads to the development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods in basic and clinical cancer research. In this study, the functional role and molecular mechanisms of cancer stem cells in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers are investigated.

 Hypothermia is often present in trauma patients at the time of arrival to the hospital. Moderate hypothermia can be associated with an increased patient mortality rate. Early diagnosis and treatment can be effective in better patient outcomes.

 In this analytic cross-sectional study, 325 trauma patients admitted to the emergency room (ER) of Poursina hospital were evaluated. The initial temperature was recorded as the tympanic temperature of the first 15 minutes of patients' arrival to the ER department by the infrared thermometer TM 80 manufactured by Healer Company. Other variables included: age, sex, IV fluid injected volume, method of patient transport, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate. After collecting data, analysis was done using SPSS software version 25.

 According to the findings of our study, 56 trauma patients out of 325 patients were hypothermic (17.2%). The average systolic blood pressure was lower in hypothermic patients and the average IV fluids volume injected into hypothermic trauma patients was higher than in other patients. 

 Trauma patients are prone to hypothermia, although this complication does not have a high prevalence due to its harmful effects such as decreased systolic blood pressure, increased injected IV fluid volume, and increased hospitalization time, trauma patients should be monitored regularly for body temperature and necessary measures should be considered to eliminate hypothermia in trauma patients.

 Substance use disorder (SUD) is one of the serious problems among patients who suffer from Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) that affects the lifestyle of individuals. Accordingly, the extant study was conducted to examine the frequency of ADHD among patients with SUD.

 This was a descriptive-analytical study conducted on all patients with SUD referred to addiction treatment centers of Babol University of Medical Sciences from 2018-to 2019. The required data were collected through Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-1,1) and structured clinical interviews.

 In the present research, about 26% of studied statistical populations were women, and 74% were men. After implementing the self-report test and interview, about 28.6% were diagnosed with ADHD. There was a borderline difference between education levels of people with ADHD, so that subjects with diploma degrees had the highest frequency, while subjects with academic degrees had the lowest frequency among ADHD patients compared to healthy people and low level of ADHD (P<0.05). There was a borderline difference between ADHD patients and healthy people and low level of ADHD in terms of job (P<0.05). The unemployed patients and employees had the highest and lowest frequencies, respectively. There was not any significant difference between ADHD patients and healthy people and low-level of ADHD in terms of substance type and amount of substance.

 The findings of the present study showed that about one-third of patients with SUD suffer from ADHD which should be considered by physicians.

Gastrointestinal cancers are among the most serious cancers. In addition to environmental factors, genetic and epigenetic factors also play a key role in the development of gastrointestinal cancers. Since many molecular pathways are involved in the development of this type of cancer, the study of the function of molecular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis and their relationship with genes involved in this malignancy in different molecular pathways to identify biomarkers used in early detection it is of great importance. The role of the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway in maintaining and controlling stem cell growth and its association with genes involved in gastrointestinal cancers has been reported. In this study, the importance and relationship between the DNA methylation mechanism and genes of the Sonic Hedgehog family in carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal cancers will be investigated.