Dental Research Journal
Volume:19 Issue: 12, Dec 2022

Preservation of pulpal vitality is of paramount importance as the vital functioning pulp is capable of initiating a unique reparative capacity. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare four regenerative materials for pulpotomy in primary molars.

This in vivo study included a total of 120 primary molars from 30 healthy children aged 3–9 years for regenerative pulpotomy procedure. The teeth were then divided by the lottery method (chits with names of materials on it) into four groups so that each child received all four of the regenerative materials; Group 1: Biodentine (BD)™, Group II: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Plus (MTA Plus™), Group III: Retro MTA (Retro MTA®), and Group IV: Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM) cement. All the primary molars (1st/2nd molars) were evaluated clinically and radiographically at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Data were subjected to the statistical analysis using the Chi‑square test. The level of significance was considered as P < 0.05.

Clinical evaluation showed 100% success with BD™ and CEM cement; whereas 96.2% success was seen with MTA Plus™ and Retro MTA®. On radiographic evaluation, MTA Plus™ and CEM cement showed 96.2% success, whereas BD™ and Retro MTA® showed 92.59% success rate.

All four regenerative materials showed high success in the pulpotomy of primary molars.

One of the most important objectives of pediatric dentistry during dental practice is pain control and effective anesthesia. Because of the limitations of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB),other techniques such as infiltration injection are suggested.Infiltration technique by using some other solutions such as articaine is an appropriate alteration for mandibular anesthesia. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of IANB using lidocaine with infiltration injection by articaine in mandibular second primary molar anesthesia in 8–11‑year‑old children.

This is a randomized, cross‑over, clinical trial that was performed on 42 children aged 8–11 years, who needed extraction of both mandibular second primary molars. After clinical and radiographic investigations, block or infiltration injection was chosen randomly and treatment was performed in one side in each session. Patient’s behavior was registered in two steps of injection and extraction by SEM scores.For comparison of the two sides,Wilcoxon–signed rank test was used (P < 0.05).

We concluded that infiltration technique resulted in decrease of all the three SEM scores in comparison to block injection (P < 0.05). The effectiveness of two techniques during tooth extraction,although grade of lidocaine block was more than infiltrate,was not statistically significant.

It seems that infiltration technique with articaine is a better substitute for block technique in the extraction of mandibular primary molars.

Considering the important role of fluoride in preventing caries by reducing the number and activity of cariogenic bacteria and introducing new fluoride‑releasing tooth‑colored restorative materials, this study was performed to compare and evaluate fluoride ion release and antibacterial activity of resin‑modified GI, zirconomer, giomer (Beautifil), and Cention N.

In this experimental in vitro study, eighty samples (20 samples in each group) were prepared, 10 samples for fluoride testing and 10 samples for antibacterial activity. To evaluate the release of fluoride (PPM), fluoride ion‑selective electrode was used on days 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st; and antibacterial activities against Streptococcus mutans were examined using direct contact test by absorption of light hourly once every 5 h and days 1st, 2nd, and 7th using an ELISA reader with a microplate reader of 800 TS at a wavelength of 630 nm. The results were analyzed using one‑way ANOVA, Tamhane post hoc test, and paired t‑test in SPSS software (IBM, Somers, NJ, USA) at a significant level of (P < 0.05).

The release of fluoride from materials showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). The maximum mean of fluoride released during the 1st, 3rd and 7th days belonged to the zirconomer group and the minimum for the giomer group. During the measurement period of light absorption from 0 to 24 h after planting, light absorption of foursubstances together was found to be statistically significant (P <.001). Zirconomer light absorption increased on the 7th day, unlike other substances, but still, the minimum light absorption was related to zirconomer.

The highest fluoride release was in zirconomer, Cention N, fuji II LC, and giomer, sequentially. Zirconomer showed maximum and giomer showed minimum antibacterial activities.

Professionalism is a multidimensional concept, defined as conducting oneself with responsibility, integrity, accountability, and excellence. This study aimed to contextualize American Dental Education Association (ADEA) tool on action on professionalism in dental education in Mashhad and apply it in a cross‑sectional study.

This descriptive‑analytic study was conducted on all students of Mashhad School during 2018–2019. The ADEA tool for action on professionalism in dental education was applied. It was firstly contextualized, validated, and its reliability was confirmed by test–retest and Cronbach’s alpha. Then, it was applied in a cross‑sectional study. Data were analyzed using Lisrel, and SPSS: 16. ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly significant difference tests were used to compare the study variables.

The tool was valid and reliable for applying in the Iranian context (x2/df <3, RMSEA ≈ 0.1 and indices of comparative fit index, incremental fit index, goodness‑of‑fit index, and adjusted GFI are >0.7). In the cross‑sectional study for measuring professionalism, the mean score of 1st‑year dental students was significantly higher than 3rd‑year dental students (F = 2.75, P = 0.002). Furthermore, the mean score of 1st‑year dental students was also significantly higher than 6th‑year students (F = 4.53, P = 0.001). The comparison of the component of professionalism among 1st‑to 6th‑year students showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the total score of males and females. In addition, no statistically significant difference was found between the total score of local and nonlocal students.

The Tool is valid and reliable for applying in the Iranian context. Dental students need to be trained and also practice professional behaviors during their senior years of college.

To compare and evaluate the oral hygiene status among institutionalized visually impaired children using the Verbal, Braille, and Audio‑Tactile method.

The present study was a single‑blinded, randomized clinical trial with a total of 96 visually impaired children both male and female, aged 6–16 years old were included in this study from a residential school for blind. They were divided into three groups: Group 1 −Verbal method, Group 2 − Braille method, and Group 3 − Audio‑Tactile method. Baseline oral hygiene scores were recorded using the debris index, calculus index, gingival index and hand scaling was performed for all the children. Fone’s brushing technique was taught to all the groups and fluoridated toothpaste was given to the children with 3 and 6 months of follow‑up. Periodic reinforcement of oral hygiene instructions was done for each group. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using the ANOVA test with (P < 0.01).

There was significant improvement in debris index, gingival index, and calculus index in all the three groups by the end of 6 months. All the three indices showed improvement in oral hygiene.

Visually impaired children could maintain a respectable level of oral hygiene when taught specialized methods. However, periodic reinforcement is mandatory for good oral hygiene maintenance. Hence, it is recommended to use the combination of Verbal, Braille, and Audio‑Tactile method for the best treatment outcomes in these special children.

The aim of this research was to assess the effectiveness of eggshell–membrane (ESM)‑containing hyaluronic acid (HA) in the treatment of open gingival embrasure (OGE) following orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).

This study is an in vivo quasi experimental research. Atotal of 24 Cavia cobaya were equally divided into two groups, treatment (10% HA injection) and control (phosphate‑buffered saline [PBS]). A separator was inserted between mandibular incisors to induce an OGE. A volume of 20 µl of either PBS (n = 12) or ESM extract (n = 12) was locally injected within the interdental papilla. Decapitation of animals was made on day 1, 4, and 7 postinjection. The staining was done using hemotoxylin and eosin to observe angiogenesis and Mallory to observe the collagen density. Fourier‑transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thin‑layer chromatography (TLC) analysis were performed to detect the amount of HA available in ESM. The results were then compared with independent t‑tests and the Mann–Whitney test. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.

The FTIR and TLC analysis showed that HA was successfully identified in the ESM samples. Local injection of 10% HA induced an increase of angiogenesis compared to the control group on day 1 and 4 postinjection (P < 0.05). Significant differences (P < 0.05) were also noted in the collagen density and the growth of interdental papilla on day 4 and 7 postinjection.

ESM has the potential effect of regenerating the interdental papilla construction after OTM by increasing the collagen fiber density and inducing angiogenesis.

It is a major concern to select a proper ceramic with acceptable strength and esthetic and minimum antagonist wear. Therefore, different ceramics were introduced to obtain these advantages with various surface treatments. The aim of this study is to evaluate and report the wear behavior of polished and glazed feldspathic and zirconia crowns in published articles up to 2020. Five electronic databases which were used in this research were MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus from the starting date of databases to January 2020. The Keywords “zirconia,” “feldspathic,” “dental ceramic,” ”enamel,” “Y‑TZP,” “wear,” “glazed,” and “polished” were used. English articles were selected in this paper. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‑Analyses statement was used as a reporting template as much as possible. Among the initially 133 articles, 59 duplicated articles were removed, and finally, 52 articles were screened and among them, only 16 articles remained for full‑text regaining. The results showed that zirconia had significantly less antagonist wear than feldspathic groups, and polishing had less enamel wear than other types of surface treatment like glazing. Only one study showed that glazed zirconia can have more antagonist wear than feldspathic porcelain. Monolithic zirconia had less enamel wear than conventional zirconia and low‑fusing feldspathic porcelain showed lower antagonist wear in comparing with other types of feldspathic porcelains.

Comparing the net setting time and radiopacity of an Iranian glass ionomer cement (GIC) and Fuji II (GC, Japan) according to ISO 9917‑1:2007 standard.

In this experimental/in vitro study, for both tests, we prepared 20 samples of Fuji II glass ionomer(self‑cure restorative glass ionomer, batch number: 1608031, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and Iranian glass ionomer (Ava Tajhiz Dandan‑Iran) at P/L of 2/7:1. Then, to determine the net setting time, we prepared a metal mold with dimensions of 10 mm in length, 8 mm in width, and 5 mm in height. Ninety seconds after mixing, the surface of the sample was subjected to the indenter, and the net setting time was recorded as the time elapsed between the end of the mixing and the time needle stopped making a complete circular indentation. To determine radiopacity, the specimens were poured into a mold with a diameter of 15 mm and thickness of 1 mm. Samples and a step wedge were irradiated with X‑rays. Particle size analysis and Energy‑dispersive X‑ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis were also done for both cements. Test results were investigated with SPSS and through independent t‑test (P < 0.05).

The mean value of net setting time for Fuji II was 4.83 min and for the Iranian Glass ionomer was 3.83 min (P < 0.05). The mean value of radiopacity for Fuji II was 2.3 mmAL and for Iranian Glass ionomer was 1.9 mmAl (P < 0.05).

Net setting time and radiopacity of the glass ionomers were within the range of ISO 9917‑1:2007. If all properties of the Iranian cement are set appropriately in future investigations, we propose to use it instead of Fuji II GIC. This has the additional benefit of being cost‑efficient as Iranian cement costs less than Fuji II cement.

There is some concern that root resection may alter the surface features and crack formation of the previously set orthograde material. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the crack formation in orthograde mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium‑enriched mixture (CEM) plugs after root resection.

This in vitro study was conducted on 170 extracted human maxillary anterior teeth. The teeth were randomly divided three experimental (n = 50) and control (n = 20) groups. In Group 1, after root canal treatment, half of the roots were cut with a bur, and the other half with an ultrasonic cutter. In Groups 2 and 3, after the 4‑mm CEM and MTA plugs were placed and set, the root ends of half of the samples were cut with a bur and the other half by an ultrasonic cutter. The prevalence of cracks in the dentin and orthograde apical plugs of MTA and CEM was then assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed using the McNemar’s, Chi‑square, and Fisher’s exact tests at P ≤ 0.05 level of significance.

In general, the prevalence of crack in dentin in Groups 2 and 3 was significantly higher than in the plug (P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in the prevalence of dentin crack in the studied groups (P > 0.05). The prevalence of crack in dentin was lower when the bur was used to cut off the end of the root, although the difference was not significant.The prevalence of crack in the plug was similar in CEM and MTA.

Based on the results of thisstudy,the prevalence of crack in dentin is alwayssignificantly higher than its prevalence in the plug, and the prevalence of crack in the plug was similar in CEM and MTA; then, when there is an orthograde access to the root canal and surgery is likely in future, MTA and CEM can be placed in an orthograde technique and it just resects the root during surgery.

Decontaminating the implant surface, exposed to bacterial biofilm, is a concern in the treatment of peri‑implant inflammatory disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of several methods on reduction of the bacterial load, colonized on the surfaces of titanium discs.

In this in vivo study, seven titanium discs with Sandblasted, Large‑grit, acid‑etched (SLA) surface were placed in the mouth of each of ten patients with chronic periodontitis by an intra‑oral maxillary splint for 24 h. In each patient, the contaminated discs, except for the negative control ones, were randomly treated by one of the six antiseptic methods including sterile normal saline, plastic curette, air polisher, hydrogen peroxide, 980 nm diode laser, and Er‑YAG laser. A spectrophotometer was used to measure Optical Density (OD) in case of aerobic microorganisms. Colony‑Forming Units (CFUs) were used for anaerobic bacteria. Data were analyzed through Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney Tests at a significance level of α =0.05 by SPSS software.

Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease in OD of aerobic bacteria among the seven groups during a 0–24 h time interval (P < 0.001). Furthermore, these tests showed a significant difference in the CFU (P < 0.001) for anaerobic bacteria after 48 h.

The results of this study showed that all of the adopted methods significantly reduced microbial colonies on the surfaces of titanium discs with SLA surface. Er: YAG laser and normal saline had the highest and the lowest effects, respectively.