پژوهش نامه روانشناسی مثبت
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 31، پاییز 1401)

The aim of this study was to identifying the optimistic and pessimistic attributions of the mothers in relation to the adolescent. The study used a qualitative design and employed purposive sampling method to selected 10 mothers with adolescent children aged from 12 to 18 years. The semi-structured face-to-face interview was used to collect the data and the data analysis was performed by six-step thematic analysis method. The results showed that optimism was seeing the positive points through the lens of an optimistic mind, while pessimism included seeing the negative points through the lens of a pessimistic mind. Moreover, optimism facilitated a good and effective parent-teenager relationship, optimistic attribution (continuation، reason and personalization) and parenting challenges. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that when a mother adopts optimistic attribution in communicating with her teenager, there is constructive relationship between teenager and mother and much more satisfaction and peace happens between them and they face less parenting challenges. On the other hand, adopting pessimistic attribution can result in confusion and anger in teenager and dissatisfaction and lack of peace and tension are among its negative outcomes. Therefore, mothers’ familiarity with optimistic and pessimistic attributions plays an important role in constructive relationships with adolescents.

The corona virus prevalence caused people to experience high levels of anxiety. This study was conducted to investigate the predicting role of meaning of life and religious orientation for Corona anxiety. The study method was descriptive-correlative. The statistical population consisted of students between the ages of 20 and 40 living in Tehran and the sample was selected by available method. The researchers used The Corona Anxiety Questionnaire, The Steger Life Meaning Questionnaire and Religious Orientation Questionnaire to collect the data. Simultaneous regression equations were used for data analysis. The results showed that the components of the meaning of life, including the presence of meaning and the search for meaning together predicted 14% of Corona anxiety variance. Also, the components of religiosity included religious disorganization, religious valuing and seeking pleasure together predicted 13% of Corona anxiety variance. Based on the findings, it is possible to take a fundamental step towards improving the mental health of people and patients by designing interventions based on religion and spirituality.

This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of psychological capital and satisfying basic psychological needs in the psychological well-being of Petrochemical employees. The research method was descriptive-correlational, and the research sample consisted of 351 A Petrochemical Company employees selected by random cluster sampling. The data collection tools included the Basic Psychological Needs Questionnaire, Psychological capital Questionnaire, and Psychological Welfare Questionnaire. The correlation analysis results showed a significant relationship between basic psychological needs and psychological capital with psychological well-being. The results of stepwise regression analysis also showed that among the components of psychological capital, self-efficacy and hope played a significant role in predicting psychological well-being. All components of basic psychological needs were able to predict psychological well-being too significantly. Therefore, improving psychological capital and paying attention to the psychological needs of employees can play an important role in increasing their well-being and provide a basis for increasing job productivity.

The present study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of psychodrama-mediated optimism on bullying, interpersonal relations and subjective vitality in students with oppositional defiant disorder. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. Then, 30 subjects were purposively selected among high school students aged 14-16 years old with an oppositional defiant disorder in Isfahan in 2020 and were randomly assigned to two groups of 15 as the experimental and the control groups. The Bullying Questionnaire, the Relationship Quality Questionnaire, and the Subjective Vitality Scale were used to collect data. The experimental group received optimism training for 12 sessions. At the end of the training, the questionnaires were administered again to both groups as a post-test. They were followed up a month later. Data analysis was conducted by applying repeated measures. The results showed that teaching psychodrama-mediated optimism had a significant effect on bullying, the quality of interpersonal relationships, and mental vitality among students with oppositional defiant disorder. Therefore, this intervention can improve bullying behavior, the quality of relationships, and the mental vitality of these students.

The present study aimed to investigate the structural relationship between expressing emotion, psychological acceptance, feelings of inferiority and hope in adolescents from low-income families. The study was a descriptive correlational study using structural equation analysis. A total of 280 high school students of 12-18 years old from low-income families, supported by the welfare of the relief committee of Zarch, Iran in 2019, were selected via the available sampling method. The measures included hope inventory, acceptance and action questionnaire, feelings of inferiority and expressing emotion in the family scale. The results showed that expressing negative emotions in the family had a significant negative effect on adolescents' psychological acceptance and psychological acceptance had a significant positive effect on hope. Indirect path analyses also indicated that expressing negative emotions in the family by reducing psychological acceptance could have a negative effect on hope in adolescents of low-income families. Moreover, psychological acceptance had an indirect effect on the hope of adolescents from low-income families. Also, psychological acceptance played a significant mediating role in the relationship between expressing emotion in the family and hope. These findings show that if there is appropriate emotional expression in the family, it can lead to psychological acceptance, increase hope, and can reduce feelings of inferiority in adolescents of low-income families.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy on psychological capital and selfcompassion of depressed adolescent girls. The study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design. In the study, 45 depressed adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years were selected through purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). Then experimental groups were treated with existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy and compassionfocused therapy for 10 sessions. Each group was assessed before, after, and one month after the interventions with the Psychological Capital Questionnaire and the Self-Compassion Scale. The data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that in the post-test stage, the groups of existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy were significantly different from the control group in terms of their psychological capital. However, in the follow-up phase, only the existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy was significantly different from the control group. In regards to self-compassion, both therapies were significantly different in both post-test and follow-up stages from the control group. The results showed that the difference between the two therapies was significant only in the self-compassion variable in the post-test stage. According to the findings, both existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy are suitable options for increasing psychological capital and self-compassion in depressed adolescent girls.