نشریه پژوهش های علوم کشاورزی پایدار
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 7، پاییز 1401)

The instability of natural and environmental resources in rural areas in the occurrence of factors such as the destruction of non-renewable natural resources such as water and fossil fuels, the destruction of the environment and the destruction of animal and plant species, the collapse of the regional ecosystem and ecology, migration and its consequences on society, have a great impact It will have a critical and vital effect on this area. One of the ways to deal with these problems is to identify and understand the existing conditions of the natural and environmental resources governing the villages by using criteria to evaluate the impact of human hazards on the instability of natural and environmental resources. In the present research, first, the criteria for measuring human risks in the instability of natural and environmental resources in rural areas were identified, and then, in the analytical stage, these criteria were evaluated and ranked using the hierarchical analysis method. In this evaluation of water wastage, unauthorized wells and excessive livestock grazing had the greatest impact on the instability of natural resources. In the following, it was found that Lea industrial town, Piryousfian village and Meshaldar village had the greatest impact and Kisht and Sanat Company and Minodar Company had the least impact on the instability of natural and environmental resources caused by human hazards in the central part of Alborz city

Sclerorhachis leptoclada belongs to Asteraceae family is one of the most medicine vegetable in traditional medicine in Birjand. In many field observation duos to investigate of aut ecology, ethnopharmacology and ecomorphology of Sclorhachis leptoclada Boiss. aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected from Ark (1395-1396). Ethno pharmacological data and biological spectrum of medicinal plants were obtained from rural healers. Also, by selecting three points in the habitat and three heights in each position, morphological characteristics such as plant height, number of leaves, number of flowering stems, dry weight and tremor were evaluated at the flowering stage. Results showed that this natural plant was wild grew in sandy loam soil, Ec=8/18, PH=7, Plant flowers appeared in Jun and May falled in late of July. Biological spectrum was showed that 31 medicine plants were grow wild in this region belongs to Asteraceae (19/3%), Apiaceae (12/9%), Lamiaceae (16/1), and in terms of biophyte Therophytes with 13 species (93.41%), Geophytes with 11 species (48.35%), Had the largest number of species and mostly belonged to the Iranian-Turanian, Mediterranean (41.9%) European-Siberian, Mediterranean (19.3%) origin. The results also showed that with increasing altitude in all three selected locations in the habitat, the number of leaves, dry and wet weight and plant height decreased. Finally, the observed diversity can be related to the role of altitude and the genetic structure of the populations, which can also be considered as a kind of adaptation and physiological response of Mastar to environmental conditions.

Today, the widespread use of organophosphorus insecticides such as chlorpyrifos in agriculture has caused serious environmental problems, and it seems necessary to provide a solution to eliminating these substances. Iron oxide nanoparticles are one of the types of nanoparticles that are widely used in the environment due to their good magnetic properties and ability to absorb pollutants. Nanoparticles are prepared in different ways. Recently, the use of green synthesis methods of nanoparticles using plant extracts has attracted the attention of researchers due to its compatibility with the environment. In this research project, the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles in the matrix of polylactic acid nanofibers was prepared with the plant extract of Artemisia as an effective and cheap super absorbent for agricultural water treatment. Then, the effect of this adsorbent in the removal of chlorpyrifos poison and the effect of variables affecting absorption such as contact time, amount of adsorbent, temperature and pH in this process were investigated. Analysis of the structure of the composition showed that iron oxide nanoparticles are well stabilized in polylactic acid nanofibers and the average size of nanoparticles is 29 nanometers. Also, the results of the absorption test by nano adsorbent showed that the maximum amount of absorption to remove chlorpyrifos is done at pH=7 and with an amount of 0.7 grams of adsorbent, and the prepared adsorbent can be reused after 5 times of recycling. Therefore, it can be concluded that due to the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles, the nanocomposite made can increase the absorption capacity of agricultural toxins.

Currently, conventional agriculture focuses on the production of agricultural products with excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, while reports from health organizations and environmentalists point to the harmful effects of this type of agriculture on human health and the environment. One of the most important bases for the development of the consumption of safe products is their acceptance by consumers. Considering the high proportion of cucumbers and tomatoes in the household food basket, the present study investigated the factors influencing the willingness to consume safe cucumbers and tomatoes in Tabriz county. For this purpose, the required data was collected by filling out a questionnaire from 345 households selected by a proportional stratified random sampling procedure. Descriptive results showed that the consumption of safe Cucumber and Tomato is low in Tabriz county. Based on the results of the estimated logit model, family size had a negative influence and age, education level, income level, presence in the household of persons with a professional or educational background in nutrition, the company of persons with a history of diseases caused by the consumption of chemical pesticides in the kinship, awareness index, opinion index, and access and information index had a positive influence on the willingness to consume safe cucumbers and tomatoes.The increase of awareness and development of general public opinion about the benefits of safe products through the media and schools, as well as the expansion of safe product supply centers and the support of the prices of these products by the government, are influential factors in the development of safe produce consumption.

In order to evaluate the application of auxin hormone and weed management on the performance of physiological and chemical characteristics of potato cultivars, a split factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in two crop years 2016-2016 and 2016-2016 in Bardsir city of Kerman province. Done. The treatments include two potato varieties, Milva and Sante, foliar spraying of auxin hormone at three levels, no hormone consumption, 200 and 400 ppm and weed control, pre-emergence application of metribuzin herbicide with an amount of 750 grams per hectare, two-stage application Metribiozin, one stage of 500 g/ha pre-emergence and the second stage of 250 g/ha 10 to 15 days after potato sprouting, weed control through manual weeding, control without weed control. The results showed that increasing the consumption of auxin hormone significantly increased the diameter, dry weight and tuber performance. Weed control was achieved during the two-step application of Bozin herbicide with an increase ratio of 15 to 39% compared to the control without control. The highest yield of tubers was obtained under the two-stage application of Bozin herbicide and the application of 400 ppm of auxin hormone at the rate of 38055.33 kg per hectare, and the number of tubers in potato was obtained under the two-stage application of Bozin herbicide. The use of different amounts of IAA in this experiment led to an increase in the content of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus compared to not using it.

Chamomile medicinal plant (Anthemis) is widely used in pharmaceutical, food and health industries. Due to the great importance and variety in this genus, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study to investigate its germplasms, with the aim of obtaining desirable genotypes and using them in breeding programs. In order to investigate the diversity of the chamomile genus in terms of morphological and phenological characteristics, an experiment was conducted in Damavand city on 14 populations of 5 species, based of a completely randomized block design with three replications. The studied traits included: plant height, number of flowers, weight of 100 flowers, leaf length and width, dry yield, canopy area, percentage and yield of essential oil, flowering time, harvest time and cumulative temperature during flowering and harvest. Based on the results of analysis of variance, in terms of all traits, there was a significant difference between the studied populations at the probability level of 1%. The yield of essential oil showed a positive and significant correlation with the traits of number of flowers, leaf length and width, canopy area and dry yield. In principal component analysis, the first and second components were introduced as morphological and phenological components, respectively. In cluster analysis, A. altissima and A. pseudocotula were in class 1, A. triumfettii and A. tinctoria were in class 2, and A. haussknechtii was in class 3. A. altissima species can be used as an important species in the pharmaceutical industry due to its high essential oil content.

In order to study the effect of seed size on the vegetative, agronomic and seed protein of chickpea cultivars, an experiment was carried out in 2016 in the Baghchele village of the Divandarreh County in the form of a split-plot design in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. the main factor was seed size (small, medium and large) and the secondary factor chickpea cultivars: Pirouz, Kaka, Hashem, Azad, Arman, Bivanij and ILC482 were considered. The results showed that the traits of days to emergence, days to flowering, seeds per pod, seeds per plant, weight of 100 seeds, yield and seed protein showed a significant difference under the influence of seed size. So that with the increase of the seed size, the values of the above traits increased. Seed yield and in large seeds compared to medium and small seeds, increased 7.74 and 1.9 percent, respectively. Also, all investigated traits showed a significant difference at the 1% under the influence of cultivars. the number of days to the emergence , The number of seeds per pod, the number of seeds per plant, the weight of 100 seeds and the seed yield of Bivanij and in terms of the number of days to flowering, days to maturity and the percentage of protein, Hashem was superior. The results showed that the weight of 100 seeds under the influence of the interaction of the seed size and cultivar showed a significant difference at the level of 1%, and the maximum value was obtained in the large seed and Bivanij.