مجله طب پیشگیری
سال نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 27، پاییز 1401)

Objective:

 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic increased the anxiety and stress of many students, and affected their lives. The present study aims to investigate the role of spirituality and resilience in predicting COVID-19-related anxiety in college students

Methods:

 This is a descriptive and correlational study. The study population consists of all students of Tarbiat Modarres University in Tehran, Iran in the academic year 2020-2021. Of these, 260 students were selected by a convenience sampling method. The data were collected using Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, Spirituality Questionnaire, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Data analysis was performed in SPSS v.24 software using Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis. 

Results:

 The spirituality components of self-awareness (r=-0.256), the importance of spiritual beliefs in life (r=-0.229), spiritual practices (r=-0.373), and spiritual needs (r=-0.280) and the total score of spirituality (r=-0.286) and resilience (r= -0.522) had a significant negative correlation with COVID-19-related anxiety. They predicted 45% of the changes in COVID-19-related anxiety (P<0.01).

Conclusion:

 The college students with higher levels of spirituality and resilience can experience less anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is recommended that medical staff and psychologists provide resilience training and various spiritual programs during the pandemic for students, even for those who are recovering from the COVID-19.

Objective:

 Prostate Cancer is the most common and the second leading cause of death from cancer among men in the world. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of prostate cancer and its risk factors in men participated in the Shahedieh cohort study in Yazd Province, Iran.

Methods:

 This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted using the data from the first phase of Shahedieh Cohort study in Yazd province. The study population consists of all men aged 35-70 years in the cities of Shahedieh, Ashkezar and Zarch who were included in the study by a census method (n=4729). The study variables included demographic information (age, marital status, and employment status), lifestyle variables (Body mass index, physical activity, nutrition, smoking, water and edible oil consumption) and family history of prostate cancer. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 16 software by using descriptive statistics (frequency, Mean±SD).

Results:

 Of 4729 men, 3 had a history of prostate cancer. Examination of risk factors showed that the frequency of smoking was high, and a high percentage of men was overweight and obese (69.8%). The results showed the diet modification in patients with prostate cancer, since their average consumption of red meat and eggs was lower and their average consumption of white meat (chicken and fish) and fruits was higher compared to healthy individuals.

Conclusion :

There is a high frequency of smoking, overweight and obesity in men aged 35-70 years in Yazd province. Since these risk factors can be modified, it is recommended to develop educational programs to prevent prostate cancer.

Objective:

 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel disease that caused pandemic. Due to the lack of definitive treatment, preventive behaviors are the only way to fight this disease. This study aims to determine the role of health belief model (HBM) constructs in predicting preventive behaviors against COVID-19 in Bandar Abbas, Iran.

Methods :

This cross-sectional study was conducted in October and November of 2020 on 351 people aged ≥18 years in Bandar Abbas, southern Iran. Sampling was done online (social media such as WhatsApp, Telegram, Twitter and Instagram) using a convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the HBM. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 21 using chi-square test, multivariate linear regression, and Pearson’s correlation test.

Results :

The Mean±SD age of participants was 29.11±7.19 years. Most of them (66.4%) were female. The constructs of perceived susceptibility (P=0.001), perceived severity (P=0.20), perceived benefits (P=0.001) and self-efficacy (P=0.001) could predict preventive behaviors against COVID-19. According to the Adjusted R2 value (0.674), the model predicted 67% of changes in preventive behaviors.

Conclusion :

The self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and perceived benefits have a role in predicting COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Attention should be given to these factors for promoting preventive behaviors during the pandemic.

Objective :

This study aims to determine the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship of distress tolerance and self-compassion with health-promoting behaviors.

Methods:

 The is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 2020 on 306 adults in Bandar Abbas, Iran who were selected using a convenience sampling method. The data collection tools were Simmons and Gaher’s distress tolerance scale, Raes et al.’s self-compassion scale, and Walker et al.’s health-promoting lifestyle profile, and Garnefski and Kraaij’s cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. The analysis was done using the structural equation modeling.

Results :

Adaptive emotion regulation strategies mediate the relationship of self-compassion and distress tolerance with health-promoting behaviors positively and significantly. The maladaptive emotion regulation strategies only could positively and meaningfully mediate the relationship between distress tolerance and health-promoting behaviors.

Conclusion:

 Considering the role of study variables in promoting health- promoting behaviors, health planners and health providers can take useful steps to improve society’s health.

Objective:

 Breastfeeding is one of the most important factors in ensuring the health of premature infants. Maternal self-efficacy is an important factor in the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding. The present study aims to determine the effect of educational intervention based on Bandura’s social cognitive theory on breastfeeding behaviors of mothers with premature infants.

Methods:

 This is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted in 2020 on 82 mothers with premature infants, randomly assigned to two groups of intervention (n=41) and control (n=41). Data were collected using a demographic form, Barnes’s perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy tool, and an observation checklist for breastfeeding behaviors mother. Educational intervention in the intervention group was presented individually based on four sources of information proposed in Bandura’s theory at four sessions, each for 45-60 minutes four days before discharge. The questionnaires were completed before the intervention, on the day of discharge, and one week after discharge. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired t-test and independent t-test) in SPSS software, version 24.

Results:

 The mean age of mothers in the intervention and control groups was 29.6 and 28.2 years, respectively. Maternal self-efficacy before intervention was not significantly different between the intervention and control groups (P=0.073), but it significantly increased after intervention (P=0.001). The breastfeeding behavior after intervention was also significantly different between the two groups, which was higher in the intervention group than in the control group.

Conclusion:

 The educational intervention based on Bandura’s theory can increase the self-efficacy and breastfeeding behaviors of mothers with premature infants. Given the importance of mothers’ self-efficacy in infant care, educating mothers of premature infants is necessary.

Objective:

 Musculoskeletal disorders are a major health problem. Recent evidence suggests that they are very common in school-age children and adolescents. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pains among elementary school students in Abu Musa Island, Iran.

Methods :

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 269 male and female elementary school students in Abu Musa Island. Using a demographic form, their characteristics and factors related to musculoskeletal pains were recorded. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pains was determined using a body map tool. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22.

Results :

According to the results, 74.3% of students had experienced at least one musculoskeletal pain in the last month. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pains in male and female students was almost the same. The two areas where most students complained of pain were feet (28.6%) and neck (20.8%). Gender was significantly associated with neck, shoulder, and knee pains (P<0.05). Girls complained more about neck and shoulder pains, while boys complained more of foot pain. The prevalence of low back pain and pain in the fingers was higher in students with a height of more than 135 cm.

Conclusion :

Due to the high prevalence of musculoskeletal pains among elementary school students in Abu Musa Island, educational interventions are recommended for students and their parents and teachers. Screening programs are also recommended for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Objective :

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and has many psychological complications. This study aims to compare the effects of cognitive hypnotherapy (CT) and spiritual therapy (ST) on death anxiety in women with breast cancer. 

Methods :

This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design. The study population consists of all women with breast cancer referred to Mirdamad medical center in Gorgan, Iran. Of these, 30 patients were selected by a convenience sampling method and were divided into two experimental groups of CT (n=10), ST (n=10) and one control group (n=10). The groups were evaluated for death anxiety before and after the interventions. The used instrument was Collet-Lester fear of death scale.

Results:

 The results showed that both CH and ST had a significant positive effect on death anxiety of patients, and there was no significant difference between them.

Conclusion :

Both CH and ST are effective in reducing fear of own death, fear of the process of own dying, fear of the death of others, and fear of the process of others dying in women with breast cancer. There is no significant difference between them.

Objective :

Fetal rights are important in terms of being human being and being potential. The nature of these rights has received less attention from families and medical staff in Iran. The present study aims to compare the legal aspects of fetal rights from conception to birth in national and international laws.
In this narrative review study, a search was conducted in Google Scholar MagIran, SID, and PubMed databases for related studies conducted from 2000 to 2022. 

Methods:

 Keywords including fetal dignity, Fetal right, mother dignity, and childbirth rights were used in Persian and English. All articles that addressed the status of “fetal rights” were included. Those reported the laws for the fetus were excluded from the study.

Results :

Out of 1570 articles, 15 eligible articles were selected. Lack of awareness of fetal rights in developing counties and limitations in some legal basis resulted in intentional abortions, unnecessary labor induction, request for cesarean section by the mother or father, and lack of attention to the existence and health of the fetus and unwanted harms to it. Fetal rights based on the principle of dignity and the preservation of physical, mental and human existence were of special importance in developed countries and have important laws.

Conclusion :

Lack if a fetal's dignity law in Iran can impose harms on the society, in addition to numerous physical and psychological harms to the fetus.