مجله زیست شناسی جانوری
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (زمستان 1401)

Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play a role in Parkinson's disease. Antioxidants and anti-inflammatories such as polyphenol compounds and flavonoids inhibit neuronal death. The aim of the present study is the effect of xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone in Parkinson's disease in laboratory mice. Animals are cannulated by stereotaxic surgery and unilateral injection of 6-hydroxy-dopamine is performed in the dense area of ​​the substantia nigra (SNc) of the brain. Xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone were injected intraperitoneally. Three weeks after surgery, movement evaluations and pseudo-anxiety and pseudo-depression behaviors were performed. Counting of all the neurons in the dense area of ​​the substantia nigra was done. Injection of 6-hydroxydopamine increased the number of apomorphine rotations. Catalysis time increased. Neurons in the substantia nigra decreased. 6-Hydroxyflavone (50 and 100 mg/kg) and xanthone (100 and 200 mg/kg) reduced vertigo and catalepsy. In the elevated plus shape maze test, 6-hydroxyflavone in doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg and xanthone in doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg increased motor activity. In the forced swimming test, xanthone in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced immobility in parkinsonian rats. The number of substantia nigra neurons increased with the treatment of 6-hydroxyflavone in doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg xanthone. Xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone improved movement disorder and catalepsy and increased the number of nerve cells in the substantia nigra. Xanthon was able to reduce depression. Probably, part of these central protective effects are mediated by the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone, which prevent cell death by reducing free radicals and inflammatory cytokines, and as a result, they improve cognitive and movement disorders.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing health concern worldwide. Unfortunately, scientists have not succeeded in finding a suitable treatment method for this disease, and more research is needed. Studies have shown that treatment with antioxidants is effective in this disease. In this study, the effect of two different antioxidants on NAFLD induced in male Wistar rats was evaluated. This study was conducted on 32 male Wistar rats weighing 200 grams, which were randomly divided into four groups of eight. Mice were fed by gavage with high-fat emulsion at the rate of 2 mg/kg for 40 days. After suffering from fatty liver, the level of interleukin-5 (IL-5) in the serum was measured and also the expression level of STAT1 gene was determined using real-time PCR. The results showed that the level of serum IL-5 in the patient group significantly increased compared to the control group, and the treatment groups with vitamin E and propolis, significantly decreased the level of interleukin-5 compared to the patient group (p < 0.05). In addition, the greatest decrease was related to the propolis group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the level of STAT1 gene expression in the fatty liver group is significantly increased compared to the control group (p < 0.05); Whereas, after treatment with antioxidants, the expression of this gene decreased (p < 0.05). Based on the obtained results, the use of propolis and also vitamin E as natural antioxidants by reducing the inflammatory interleukin and also reducing the expression of genes effective in the formation of NAFLD, have a promising therapeutic role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Many modern medicines are obtained from medicinal plants, and the properties of many of these plants have been confirmed and proven with new investigations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different doses of hydroalcoholic extract of Ferulago angulata on biochemical and hematological parameters orally on male Wistar rats. 28 heads of male Wistar rats that were randomly studied experimentally. Mice were divided into a control group without extract and groups receiving Ferulago angulata extract with doses of 50, 150 and 300 mg/kg. The treatment groups were conducted for 16 weeks. After the end of the test, serum glucose level, lipid profile including triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, albumin, total protein and liver enzymes ALP, AST and ALT were measured. Different doses of Ferulago angulata extract changed the levels of some lipid factors and liver enzymes in the studied groups compared to the control group. Different doses of Ferulago angulata extract caused a significant decrease in the level of glucose, triglycerides and liver enzymes (AST and ALT), and the level of LDL. Also, the amount of albumin, HDL and total protein increased, and there was no change in the amount of cholesterol and ALP. The results of this study showed that Ferulago angulata plant has positive effects on some biochemical factors and liver function improvement despite its antioxidant compounds. Therefore, we can introduce Ferulago angulata plant as one of the most effective plants in the medicinal plant industry and treatment, control and prevention of many diseases.

The evidence about the existence and function of ovarian stem cells (OSCs) is increasing. In a previous study, we isolated human theca stem cells (hTSCs) from the ovary of a 19-year-old patient and differentiated them into oocyte-like cells (hOLCs) under induced conditions. In this study, in order to prove the repeatability of this experiment as well as the presence of these cells in the ovaries of patients with higher reproductive age and their differentiation potential in-vitro, hTSCs were isolated from the ovaries of 20 and 38-year-old patients and their differentiation potential into hOLCs has been evaluated. In this experimental interventional study, based on the instructions of the previous study, hTSCs were isolated from small antral follicles with a size of 3 to 5 mm. These cells were cultured in six-well plates with A number of 5×104 cells per well in DMEM/F12 induction medium containing FBS, human follicular fluid, glutamine and pyruvate for 40 days. Then their development process was measured by assessing the morphology, size and viability. hTSCs were successfully isolated from ovarian tissue of 20 and 38-year-old patients and cultured in DMEM/F-12 medium containing growth factors (EGF, FGF, GDNF, etc.). After 12 days, hTSCs in both patients started to differentiate into hOLCs and their morphology changed from spindle-shaped to round. The size of hOLCs increased during the differentiation period in both patients (from 20-25 µm to 50 µm). The survival of hOLCs compared to hTSCs was similar in all three patients and did not differ significantly. hTSCs can be isolated from ovaries of women of different reproductive ages and there is no difference in their differentiation pattern to hOLCs in laboratory (in-vitro) conditions.

The aim of this study was to compare six weeks of weight training with HMB and creatine supplementation and two weeks of non-training on creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in male powerlifting athletes. Thirty-two male athletes aged 21 to 30 years were randomly divided into four groups of 8 people creatine, HMB, HMB + Cr, and weight training. The training program was designed for 6 weeks and four sessions per week. HMB group 3 grams of supplement on training days and 1 gram on non-training days, creatine group on training days in 3 servings of 5 grams and 5 grams on non-training days, HMB + Cr group HMB supplement in 3 grams per day and Creatine was consumed in the same way as the creatine group. During the two weeks of training, the HMB group received 1 gr of the supplement daily, the creatine group received 5 gr of the supplement, and the HMB + Cr group received 1 gr of the HMB supplement daily and 5 grams of the creatine supplement. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to test the hypotheses. The test results showed that in the post-test between weight training groups and HMB (p = 0.000), creatine (p = 0.006) and HMB + Cr (p = 0.000) and in two weeks of inactivity, there was a significant difference in CK between the weight training group and HMB + Cr (p = 0.047). Also between weight training groups and HMB (p = 0.000), HMB + Cr (p = 0.000), creatine and HMB (p = 0.019), creatine and HMB + Cr (p = 0.001) in both Week of inactivity There was a significant difference in LDH between the weight training group and HMB + Cr (p = 0.004), creatine and HMB (p = 0.026), creatine and HMB + Cr (p = 0.001). It seems that 6 weeks of weight training with a combination of HMB and creatine supplement and 2 weeks of non-training can significantly reduce muscle injury indices in male powerlifting athletes.
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Medicinal plants are of interest due to their cheapness, accessibility and better acceptance by patients. One of these plants is black seed (Nigella sativa). In this study, the anti-proliferative effect of thymoquinone, which is the main component of black seed oil, is investigated on Raji cells. Raji cells are cancerous B lymphocytes that are seen in the germinal centers of Burkitt's lymphoma. In present study, Raji cells were treated with different dilutions of thymoquinone from 0 to 1000 μg/ml and the percentage of living cells was determined by trypan blue method and MTT test. Also, flow cytometry and Annexin V-FITC/PI kit were used to show the percentage of cells in different stages of growth. The expression of c-Myc gene, which is the most important altered gene in the development of Burkitt's lymphoma, was investigated by Real Time-PCR method. Statistical analysis was also done using SPSS 2020 software. This study showed that thymoquinone can inhibit the growth of Raji cells in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. Thymoquinone, while suppressing the expression of c-Myc gene with a significant percentage, causes Raji cells to enter the stage of programmed death or apoptosis, and has the potential to be used as an adjunctive treatment for Burkitt's lymphoma.

Obesity causes oxidative stress and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Exercises and diet modification can affect oxidant and antioxidant factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and high-protein diet (HPD) on total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the ratio of TAC to TOS in the heart tissue of obese male rats. Forty 12-week-old obese male rats (Lee index above 310) were divided into five groups of eight including HIIT (5-12 intervals of 30 seconds with an intensity of 90% VO2max, 5 sessions per week, 10 weeks), HPD (about 57.5% of total calories from protein), HIIT+HPD, obese control-1 (OC-1) and obese control-2 (OC-2) and eight non-obese mice were also divided into the non-obese control (NC) group. became After 48 hours from the last intervention session, heart tissue was removed to measure TAC and TOS levels. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, post hoc Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the TAC level of heart tissue in the HIIT, HPD, HIIT+HPD groups was significantly higher than in the OC-1 group. On the other hand, the TOS level of heart tissue was significantly lower in the HIIT and HIIT+HPD groups than in the HPD and OC-2 groups. Also, the ratio of TAC to TOS was significantly higher in the HIIT and HIIT+HPD groups compared to the OC-2 group. According to the results, a combination of HIIT and HPD improves TAC and TOS of heart tissue. It seems that HIIT together with HPD strengthens the antioxidant system and reduces oxidative stress in obesity conditions.

Since limited studies have evaluated the antioxidant effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on Parkinson's disease, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MON) on oxidative stress in the Parkinson's model in mice. In this experimental study, 54 adult male rats were divided into nine groups of six, including: healthy control group, parkinsonian control group receiving 6-hydroxydopamine in the lateral ventricle, sham group receiving normal saline and healthy experimental group receiving magnesium oxide nanoparticles in doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg and experimental Parkinson's groups that in addition to inducing Parkinson's, received magnesium oxide nanoparticles in doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg. Administration of nanoparticles was intraperitoneal for 30 days. After that, oxidative stress parameters MDA, CAT and SOD were measured in the brain tissue. The results of the present study showed that treatment with magnesium oxide nanoparticles significantly reduced the amount of oxidative stress parameters in the brain tissue (p < 0.05). Magnesium oxide nanoparticle treatment in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg decreased MDA in parkinsonian groups compared to parkinsonian control animals. Also, the treatment of magnesium oxide nanoparticles in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg in the parkinsonian group caused a significant increase in the activity of SOD and CAT enzymes compared to parkinsonian control animals. As a result, it can be said that magnesium oxide nanoparticle can play a promising role with its effectiveness in reducing oxidative stress processes in Parkinson's model.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathy disorders in women and is one of the most important factors that lead to infertility. Thymol has many antimicrobial and antifungal effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of thymol in the treatment of rats suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This experimental study was conducted on female Wistar rats and the animals were divided into three groups: control, control (sham), and experimental. In order to induce PCOS, estradiol-valerate in the amount of 40 mg/4 ml was injected intramuscularly in 2 control and experimental groups for 25 days. Then, for 4 weeks, the control group and the experimental group were given grape seed oil, thymol in the amount of received 12 mg/kg in the amount of 1 cc through gavage. Finally, the animals were anesthetized by ether, the ovaries were removed for histological examination, and the blood serum was separated to examine the blood parameters. The findings of this study indicate that in the group The recipient of thymol increased the number of primary follicles (p < 0.01), developing and corpus luteum (p < 0.05), grafts (p < 0.001) and reduced cysts (p < 0.001) compared to the group. A control was observed. In the examination of blood parameters, it was found that in the group receiving thymol, there was a decrease in LH hormone (p < 0.01) and an increase in FSH hormone (p < 0.01). It was observed with the control group. The results of the research showed that probably the composition of thymol can be effective in the treatment of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, although this case requires more studies.

Chronic stress is associated with the pathophysiology of various psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders and depression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of oleuropein on anxiety in mice under chronic stress. In order to induce chronic stress (CRS), rats were subjected to immobility stress for 2 hours daily in the Restrainer device for two weeks and then to electric shock with a power of half milliampere for two minutes. Rats under chronic stress were divided into five groups, including control (receiver of drug solvent), treatment (oleuropein at doses of 7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg) and positive control (diazepam). In CRS rats, oleuropein at a dose of 30 mg/kg increased the number of entries and the time spent in the open arms of the EPM (p < 0.05). The administration of oleuropein in CRS rats at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg decreased the frequency of being on the edge in the open page test (p < 0.05). Administering different doses of oleuropein decreased lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant capacity of brain and serum in CRS rats (p < 0.05). Oleuropein also decreased serum corticosterone in CRS rats. The effectiveness of oleuropein on anxiety behaviors in mice under chronic stress is through reducing oxidative stress.
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Compounds with antioxidant properties such as thymoquinone (TQ) significantly prevent changes resulting from the effect of toxic chemicals such as tricyclazole on visceral organs. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to use thymoquinone to prevent the destructive effects of tricyclazole on the process of spermatogenesis in male rats. In this experimental study, 42 male rats were randomly divided into 7 groups including: control group (no drug), sham group (10% solution of Tween 80), tricyclazole (20 mg/kg) group, thymoquinone (10 mg/kg) group, thymoquinone (20 mg/kg) group, tricyclazole (20 mg/kg) + thymoquinone (10 mg/kg) group, and tricyclazole (20 mg/kg) + thymoquinone (20 mg/kg) group. At the end of the treatment period, by preparing tissue sections from the testis, the cells of the spermatogenesis pathway were evaluated per unit area. According to the findings, the average number and motility of sperm and the number of spermatogonial cells in the thymoquinone 20 and thymoquinone 10 groups showed a significant increase compared to the tricyclazole group (p < 0.05); However, the number of Leydig cells in the thymoquinone 20 and thymoquinone 10 groups showed a significant decrease compared to the tricyclazole group (p < 0.05). The results of the study showed that thymoquinone, as a strong antioxidant, can partially compensate for the toxicity caused by tricyclazole on the spermatogenesis process.

Due to the complications caused by surgery, especially involuntary immobility, patients' ability to function is significantly reduced after surgery, so participation in exercise and rehabilitation programs is recommended to patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interval training and two types of combination on angiopoietin 1, 2 levels in patients in the postoperative rehabilitation period (CABG). A total of 30 cardiac patients operated on in Tehran Heart Center were selected by simple random sampling and randomly divided into three groups (10 patients in each group): interval training, interval training-resistance and continuous-resistance. Exercises were performed for 6 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Interval training were performed from the first to the sixth week with an intensity of 60 to 80% of the maximum heart rate. Continuous exercises were performed from 10 to 20 minutes of activity with an intensity of 60 to 70% of the maximum heart rate. Resistance training included four movements of the upper chest, biceps flexion, thigh extension, and inside the thigh. 2 sets of 10-12 repetitions with an intensity of 50-70% of the maximum repetition were performed from the first to the sixth week. Blood samples were taken 48 and 24 hours before and after the training protocols and the expression of angiopoietin 1, 2 genes was measured by real-time-PCR. The results within the group indicate that there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of angiopoietin 1, 2 in all groups (p ≤ 0.05). Also, comparison of intergroup results in angiopoietin variable 1 and 2 showed that there was no significant difference between training groups in the post-test stage (p ≥ 0.05). All three training methods were able to improve the expression of the studied genes, to make favorable changes in reducing the consequences of heart tissue damage.

Grass carp or Amur fish is considered one of the most important tropical fish and has a special importance in people's food basket. Amino acids are often known as protein building chains and are compounds that play a very important role in the body of living organisms. The present research was conducted to determine the concentration of essential and non-essential amino acids in Amur fish (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillet. The grouping included weight groups of 20, 100 and 500 grams and length groups of 10, 22 and 35 cm. The composition of essential and non-essential amino acids was measured according to the method of Bidlingmeyer et al. (1984). Data analysis was done with the help of SPSS19 software and one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test and the presence or absence of significant difference was determined at the 95% level. The results of amino acids analysis showed that the amount of essential amino acids in Amur fish fillet including: arginine, histidine, leucine, methionine, threonine, lysine, phenylalanine and valine in different weights and lengths did not differ significantly from each other (p > 0.05). Also, according to the results, it was determined that the amount of non-essential amino acids including: aspartic acid, gluten, serine, glycine, alanine, proline, tyrosine and cystine in different weights and lengths was not significantly different from each other (p > 0.05). The results of this study showed that length and weight had no significant effect on the amount of amino acids in Amur fish.

Considering the progress of science and space exploration and the importance of maintaining the health of astronauts both during the space mission and after returning to earth after carrying out space research, investigating the effects of weightlessness on the hormone testosterone and maintaining the fertility of astronauts is very important. is On the other hand, due to the use of carbon nanotubes in the spaceship equipment sector as well as protective shields, astronauts will be exposed to high concentrations of this nanomaterial, hence the investigation of the effects of this nanomaterial on the testosterone level of male astronauts in the conditions Weightlessness is very important in order to maintain their reproductive power. In this research, 30 male rats were used. The animals were randomly divided into five groups of six including control, sham and three experimental groups. The control group received normal food and water for 30 days. The sham group was placed in weightless conditions (in a weightless cage) for 30 days. Experimental group 1 received 20 mg/kg of multi-walled carbon nanotube intraperitoneally for 30 days. Experimental group 2 was placed in a weightless cage for 30 days and received 20 mg/kg of multi-walled carbon nanotube intraperitoneally. Experimental group 3 received 3 cc of solution (2.5 cc of water, 0.5 cc of tween) intraperitoneally for 30 days. The results showed that in the sham group and experimental groups 1 and 2, weight loss was observed. In the examination of blood serum samples, the level of testosterone had decreased significantly. Exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes in weightless conditions causes a significant decrease in the amount of testosterone hormone.

Chemotherapy using drug delivery systems can target tumor cells selectively and do not affect normal cells. In this study, a specific drug delivery system was designed with immobilized NL2 peptide on the surface of polymeric nano drug for breast tumor treatment. The tertiary structure of NL2 peptide (AEGEFIHNRYNRFFYWYGDPAK) was selected from the database and synthesized. After that, it was coupled to the synthesized poly-3,4-dihydroxy-1-phenylalanine (DOPA)/SiO2 nanocomposite and tested for targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to SK-BR3 breast cancer cell line and MCF-10A normal breast cell line. The results of MTT and hemolysis of red blood cells showed that the components of the nanocomposite and NL2 peptide do not have any cytotoxicity, while the results of the MTT test after washing showed that the nanocomposites functionalized with NL2 peptide had specificity for cells with Her2 marker, i.e. SK-BR3 cells, but after washing, they were separated from MCF-10A cells, which lack this marker, and the drug 5- Fluorouracil cannot exert its toxic effects on these cells.

Stem cells with high proliferative capacity can be isolated from different tissues of the body. These cells originate from the fetal mesoderm and are found in tissues such as bone marrow, fat tissue, amniotic fluid, and Wharton's jelly. In this study, the survival of Wharton's jelly human mesenchymal stem cells inside alginate capsules after 7, 14 and 21 days has been investigated. In this experimental study, 10 umbilical cord samples were obtained from pregnant mothers during caesarean section, and the vessels of the umbilical cord samples were isolated. Then it was cultured in DMEM-HG medium containing 10% FBS serum for 5 days. To show the stemness of these cells, CD73, CD34 and CD45 markers were evaluated by flow cytometry technique. After confirmation, the cells were encapsulated in alginate hydrogels. The viability of encapsulated cells was evaluated by trypan blue and MTT. The results showed that the capsules are spherical and have a uniform border and are homogeneously dispersed throughout the capsule. Wharton jelly encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells did not change their morphology and viability. After 21 days, the survival of the encapsulated cells was maintained. Alginate as a three-dimensional biodegradable scaffold with suitable cell viability can be used as a suitable option for cell therapy and tissue engineering with the property of non-graft rejection.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on the AT and TT genotypes of the VEGFR gene polymorphism rs1870377 and the changes in aerobic performance of untrained women. For this purpose, 29 inactive women aged 30 to 45 were randomly selected from volunteer women in Shahriar, Tehran Province. The Subjects did 8 weeks of aerobic training in 5 sessions per week and each session lasted 30 minutes with an intensity of 55 to 75% of reserve heart rate. In the first two weeks, they trained with 55-65% of the maximum heart rate, and in the second two weeks with 60-65% of the maximum heart rate, and in the last 4 weeks with 65-75% of the maximum heart rate. 10 minutes for warming up and 10 minutes for cooling down were considered in each training session. Bruce's seven-step test was used to determine the VO2max before and after the exercises. The test started with a slope equal to 10% and a speed of 2.7 km/min on the treadmill, and each stage was completed in three minutes, so that in the seventh stage, the slope was 22% and the speed was 9.6. Then, among the subjects who were able to perform the desired test based on the researcher's expectation, saliva sampling was done for DNA sequencing to determine the genotypes. The RFLP method was used to determine the gene genotype. Enzymatic digestion at 65 degrees Celsius overnight, including one microliter of enzyme, 3 microliters of PCR product, 2 microliters of special buffer and 15 microliters of deionized water was used. The results of data analysis were analyzed using the dependent t test. The results showed that VO2max in women with AT genotype was not significant before and after exercise intervention (p = 0.840). The amount of VO2max in women with AT genotype was not significant on average before and after exercise intervention (p = 0.633). Also, the amount of VO2max in women with AT genotype, after exercise intervention, was not significant compared to TT genotype. In this research, it was shown that the significant improvement of Vo2max did not depend on their genotypic differences, and between AT and TT genotypes, the rs1870377 polymorphism of the VEGFR gene and the changes in aerobic performance of obese untrained women after eight weeks of aerobic training no significant relationship was observed.

Oil pollution has become one of the main challenges facing marine ecosystems. Oil spills from oil tankers, marine accidents and emissions from oil platforms have always been known as oil pollution in the marine environment. In this research, the toxicity of Pars 2 dispersants, Gamlen, oil and combination of oil with each of these dispersants on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was investigated. These experiments were carried out on common carp (500 ± 37.50 grams) in the same laboratory conditions. The number of deaths in each treatment was counted every 24 hours. The number of casualties was entered in Excel software and the LC50 values of each combination were calculated using Probit specialized software. The obtained values were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Based on the statistical results, the toxicity level of Gameln dispersant was evaluated to be much higher than that of Pars2 dispersant. Considering the fact that the higher the LC50 value, the less toxic the substance is, it can be concluded that the Pars2 dispersant is more toxic than the Gamlen dispersant. The value of LC50 cannot be the only indicator of the quality of a dispersant. RET calculated for Pars2 dispersant was higher than the amount calculated for Gameln dispersant. According to the obtained information, it seems that the Gamlen dispersant has more efficiency and less toxicity for aquatic animals than the Pars2 dispersant.

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women. Today, researchers are looking for new ways to treat cancer. One of the investigated approaches in the field of cancer is the use of stem cells. This study aimed to evaluate the proliferation and survival of 4T1 breast cancer cells in the presence of conditioned medium (CM) of mesenchymal stem cells treated with ascorbic acid (AA). Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-ADMSCs) and 4T1 breast cancer cells were used in this study. 4T1 cells were treated with different concentrations of AA and their viability was checked by MTT test. According to the results of previous studies and MTT test, 1 mM concentration was chosen to collect CM from h-ADMSCs. h-ADMSCs were divided into four groups: groups without FBS with and without AA (-FBS/± 1 mM AA) and groups containing 5% FBS with and without AA (5% FBS/± 1 mM AA). Then, the survival rate, colonization potential, cell cycle profile and apoptosis rate of 4T1 cells treated with different CMs were investigated. The results showed that CM in the -FBS/+AA group causes a decrease in the viability and proliferation of 4T1 cells compared to the -FBS/-AA group. Also, CM in the groups with FBS also showed similar results and the FBS/+AA group +5% decreased the survival and cell proliferation of 4T1 cells compared to the FBS/-AA+5% group. Also, CM caused changes in the cell cycle profile of 4T1 cells and their apoptosis rate in the studied groups. According to the results, it seems that ascorbic acid can decrease the survival and proliferation of 4T1 breast cancer cells by affecting the CM compounds obtained from h-ADMSCs.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intense functional interval training with the consumption of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on lipid profiles and insulin resistance in overweight women. In a field trial, 40 people were randomly divided into 5 groups including: 1- exercise, 2- sour tea and exercise, 3- sour tea, 4- exercise + placebo and 5- control. The training protocol in the training groups included 250 meters rowing with an ergometer, immediately swinging a 13 kg kettlebell and sitting and standing with 13 kg dumbbells. In the present study, dried sepal powder of sour tea plant was used as a supplement, and each tablespoon was equivalent to 3 grams. For data analysis, SPSS 21, Exell 2010 softwares and covariance and T-correlated statistical tests were used at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the intra-group changes of triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and fat percentage after two weeks of training were significant in the training, training + supplement and training + placebo groups (p ≤ 0.05), but in the supplement group and the control group. The changes were not significant (p ≥ 0.05). Also, inter-group changes showed a significant difference between the control group and the training, supplement+training, supplement and training + placebo groups in triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and fat percentage (p ≤ 0.05). Despite this, the intergroup changes of insulin resistance were not significant (p ≥ 0.05). According to the results of the present study, overweight people are suggested to use various and effective exercises such as HIFT and sour tea supplements in order to lose weight and improve their metabolism profile and body composition.

The presence of minerals in aquatic food is necessary due to their vital role in physical activities. Shrimps of the Panaeid family are valuable aquatic animals that live widely in tropical and subtropical waters and account for more than half of the world's gross shrimp production. The purpose of the upcoming study is to investigate the knowledge and information available in the field of mineral nutrition in shrimps of the Panaideh family. Also, the present study will examine how the aquatic environment and the life cycle of shrimp affect the needs and role of minerals in the health of shrimp. In addition to the cases mentioned in this review, the methods of supplying minerals to shrimps through water or feed or the use of mineral supplements in the diet have been discussed. The results of various studies showed that the estimation of dietary requirements for most minerals in the main species of shrimp farming (Penaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon and Penaeus japonicus) is wide and some essential minerals have not been studied. Moreover, currently there is no comprehensive and sufficient information on the requirements of important minerals such as iron, manganese, selenium and zinc as well as other rare minerals for predominant species of farmed shrimp and even in some cases there is no information at all. For example, the magnesium requirements of P. monodon have not yet been confirmed. In general, it can be concluded that more knowledge is needed to understand the mineral needs in different life stages of farmed shrimp, including the critical stages of molting.