The expected performance characteristics of a wet media in an evaporative cooler with the specified geometric and material aspects are reducing the dry-bulb temperature and increasing the moisture content of the air outlet. Inlet air conditions are not under the control of the designer or the operator, but the choice of media geometry and fabric, the external factors such as the water circulation rate, and the velocity of air passing through the media could be controlled by the designer. Based on cooling performance for the excelsior of aspen wood pad, the minimum amount of ratio of the static circulation to evaporation rates is about 8 to 12, which has been mentioned in the literature. In this work, for the cellulosic pad by considering the exergy and cooling efficiencies, the optimal ratios of circulation to evaporation rates are presented for different air velocities. It can be seen that under the constant inlet air conditions, by increasing the air velocity as: 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s, the maximum exergy efficiency values are 0.10, 0.13 and 0.18 respectively and there are some specified values (minimum) for the ratios of water circulation to evaporation rates between 2 and 2.8 for the typical cellulose pad. However, for the same air velocities, maximum cooling efficiencies occur at lower exergy efficiencies, such as 0.03, 0.04, and 0.045, respectively.

Convective heat transfer from a flat plate, which is enhanced by an oscillating blade, was numerically investigated at the present study. It was assumed that the blade is made of a rigid and thin plate and it is vertically oriented at the top of the target plate. Numerical analysis was performed using commercial software ANSYS Fluent 6.3 and the periodic oscillation of the blade was modeled by the moving mesh method. Conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy was solved in 2-D and transient form for the laminar airflow with constant physical properties. Constant temperature was considered for the plate and the details of both the flow and thermal fields were determined. The distribution of convective heat transfer coefficient was then calculated for the target plate. The effect of various parameters including the amplitude and frequency of the blade oscillation as well as the geometrical parameters was investigated on the convective heat transfer from the target plate. The results indicated that a wider area of the plate was affected by increasing the oscillation amplitude of the blade. Convective heat transfer was also enhanced over the entire target plate as the rotational Reynolds number was increased.

In this study, a carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption process in a typical rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor equipped with blade packing and under a high frequency ultrasonic field has been studied. The utilized ultrasonic transducers were ultrasonic atomizer humidifiers with a frequency of 1.7 MHz. This reactor takes advantage of both controllable high gravitational force and induced effects of high frequency ultrasound, simultaneously, in a small volume. The overall volumetric gas side mass transfer coefficient (KGa) with and without ultrasound was investigated. The effects of different parameters such as rotational speed (400-1600 rpm), liquid flow rate (20- 120 L/h), monoethanolamine (MEA) concentration (1- 4 mol/L), gas flow rate (2500- 4000 L/h), and CO2 concentration (1- 4 vol%) were investigated in the absence and presence of ultrasound. The obtained results showed that the removal efficiency increased with increasing gas and liquid flow rates, and rotational speed, as well as MEA concentration. With increasing CO2 concentration, absorption efficiency decreased. The average arithmetic value of the relative volumetric gas-side mass transfer coefficient was enhanced 11.4% under the ultrasonic field. Moreover, the average CO2 removal efficiency was enhanced from 27.4 % in the absence of ultrasound to 29.8% in the presence of ultrasound. Therefore, high frequency ultrasound can enhance CO2 absorption, even in high efficiency equipment like RPBs.

This paper investigates the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convective fluid flow over a rotating sphere. An implicit finite difference scheme, together with quasi-linearization, is used to find non-similar solutions for the governing equations. The impact of variable physical properties and viscous dissipation are included. It is observed that the skin friction coefficient in the axial direction and the heat transfer coefficient are increasing with an increase in MHD, mixed convection and rotation parameters and with time, whereas the effect is just the opposite for the skin friction coefficient in the rotational direction. The non-uniform slot suction(injection) and the slot movement influence the point of vanishing skin friction to move in the axial direction downstream (upstream).

One of the most important sources of aerosol production in a controlled space is the human. The flow around the individual and the particles on the garment play an essential role in aerosol distribution in the environment. Such spaces are simulated from a Lagrangian or Eulerian point of view. In this research, particle resuspension from a user’s garment under horizontal and vertical unidirectional systems was studied. For this purpose, a computer program was developed and used for examination of the impacts of different particle turbulence dispersion models, such as Discrete Random Walk, in a controlled space. Moreover, the effects of flow direction, velocity, and particle density on the probability of resuspension of particles with different diameters were investigated. The results demonstrated that the vertical unidirectional system had advantages over its horizontal variant, and that increased flow velocity provided positive feedback in the vertical system but negative feedback in the horizontal one. In the horizontal system, the resuspension probability for the sizes of 5 and 0.5 microns has increased by 177 and 355 percent, respectively, compared to the vertical system. It is worth noting that the results of the isotropic and non-isotropic models for particles size below 5 microns were quite the same. For the particles size over 5 microns, the maximum percentage discrepancy of 138 in resuspension probability between the non-isotropic and isotropic models is obtained.

The objective of current study is to discuss the effects of the Soret and Dufour with radiation absorption, applied heat source and viscous dissipation on an unsteady MHD mixed convective flow with velocity slip condition across a semi-infinite vertical permeable plate in porous medium.

A similarity transformation is used to turn the governing partial differential equations with proper boundary conditions into coupled, non-linear ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. The inbuilt MATLAB solver bvp4c is used to generate numerical solutions.

The effects on momentum, thermal and solutal boundary layers for various parametric values are graphically depicted. Skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are all tabulated and discussed in detail. An improvement in radiation absorption corresponds to enhancement of the heat transfer rate up to 59% while leading to a decline in mass transfer rate around 20%. The momentum, thermal and solutal boundary layers are all found to be boosted when the Soret effect is higher. For higher estimation of slip effect, the skin friction is found to decay around 23%. Also, as more time goes by the thermal and concentration boundary layers are enhanced.

Results obtained in this studied has also been compared and verified with available scientific literature and is found to be in good agreement, which establishes assurance in the numerical results reported in the study.

Magnetohydrodynamic application in the biomedical field made the researcher work more on this field in recent years. The major application of this concept is in scanning using laser beams, delivering a drug to the targeted points, cancer treatment, enhancing image contrast, etc. These applications are depending on the flow and heat transfer properties of the magnetic conducting fluid and on the geometry of the flow field. An increase in the demand for the miniature in the shape and size of the clinical devices attracts the researcher to work more on design optimization. In this study optimization of magnetic field strength, geometry of domain, Prandtl number, Reynolds number for a steady, incompressible double-diffusive flow is performed using Taguchi and Analysis of variance technique. Linear regression model is used to predict the average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. Numerical simulations were performed using finite volume method (FVM) based numerical techniques.  Experiments are designed based on Taguchi orthogonal array and FVM based numerical codes were used to obtain the results. Results show that an increase in the aspect ratio from to 0.5 to 2.0 improves the heat transfer rate by 62.0% and the mass transfer rate by 38.5%. As the Prandtl number increases from 0.7 to 13.0, heat transfer rate increases by 80.0% and mass transfer by 75.0%. This specific study could be applied in designing of solar ponds and to investigate heat and mass transfer effects during cancer treatments.

In this present work, we examine the fluid of double-layered blood flow through a tapered overlapping stenosed artery with a porous wall. This two-layered blood flow problem comprises the peripheral layer as Newtonian fluid flows and the central core layer of suspension of the erythrocytes as another Newtonian fluid flows and was analytically solved which the numerical results are shown graphically and discussed. It was found that resistance to flow accelerates with rising slip parameter, blood viscosity, and artery length while a rise in Darcy number and radius of the centre core to the tube radius in the unobstructed region decreases the resistance to flow.
Also, the resistance to flow rises with increasing stenosis height whereas it increases with a rise in values of artery shape. The wall shear stress drops as the Darcy number accelerates and rises with rising viscosity of the blood and slip parameter. Furthermore, fluctuation of wall shear stress at the neck of the stenosis drops as the Darcy number increases. Moreover, it is observed that the shear stress increases with rising viscosity of the blood and slip parameter. This work is able to forecast the major attribute of the physiological flows which have played an important role in biomedical researches.

Many investigators have presented mathematical work on desiccant wheels but there is a considerable discrepancy between published values and experimental values. A mathematical model based  on the two-dimensional  Navier-Stokes   equation has been derived to show the dehumidification trend of desiccant dehumidifier concerning air stream velocity. In this model the effect of air stream velocity on wheel performance as a momentum equation combined with heat and mass transfer has been studied.
The current model is capable of predicting the transient and steady-state transport in a desiccant wheel. It reveals the moisture and temperature in both the airflow channels and the sorbent felt, in detail, as a function of time. The predicted results are validated against the data taken from experimental results, with reasonable accuracy. Therefore, the numerical model is a practical tool for understanding and accounting for the complicated coupled operational process inside the wheel. Consequently, it is useful for parameter studies.