Krasner hyperrings are a generalization of rings. Indeed, in a Krasner hyperring the addition is a hyperoperation, while the multiplication is an ordinary operation. On the other hand, a generalization of rough set theory is the near set theory. Now, in this paper we are interested in combining these concepts. We study and investigate the notion of near Krasner  hyperrings on a nearness approximation space. Also, we define near subhyperring, near hyperideal, near homomorphism  and prove some results and present several examples in this respect.

With the aim of applying the Łukasiewicz fuzzy set to commutative ideal in BCI-algebras, the concept of Łukasiewicz fuzzy commutative ideal is introduced, and its properties are investigated. The relationship between a Łukasiewicz fuzzy ideal and a Łukasiewicz fuzzy commutative ideal are discussed. After providing an example of a Łukasiewicz fuzzy ideal, not a Łukasiewicz fuzzy commutative ideal, conditions under which a Łukasiewicz fuzzy ideal can be a Łukasiewicz fuzzy commutative ideal are explored. Characterizations of Łukasiewicz fuzzy commutative ideals are displayed. Conditions under which $\in$-set, q-set, and O-set can be commutative ideals are found.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a ringoid, and we obtain left distributive ringoids over a field which are not rings. We introduce several different types of ringoids, and also we discuss on (r, s)-ringoids. Moreover, we discuss geometric observations of the parallelism of vectors in several ringoids.

In [16], by using an MV-semiring and an MV-algebra, we introduced the new definition  of MV-semimodule and studied some of their basic properties. In this paper, we study  and present definitions of primary ideals of MV-semirings, decomposition of ideals in  MV-semirings, primary A-ideals of MV -semimodules, and decomposition of A-ideals in MV-semimodules. Then we present some conditions that an A-ideal can have a reduced primary decomposition.

Murali and Makamba (2001) introduced an equivalence of fuzzy subgroups. Dudek and Jun (2004) studied the equivalence defined by Murali and Makamba in fuzzy ideals of a BCI-algebra. In this paper, we obtained a sequence of fuzzy ideals of a BCI-algebra X from a fuzzy ideal on X. We will show that, if two fuzzy ideals are equivalent, then the sequence of fuzzy ideals obtained from them are equivalent. We show that there is a relationship between a fuzzy ideal with BCI-algebra X and a fuzzy ideal with adjoint BCI-algebra A, where A is an Abelian subgroup of Autµ(X).

In this paper,  first  we introduce the notions of k-nilpotent (solvable) ideals  and k-nilpotent BCK-algebras. Specially, we show  that every commutative ideal is 1-nilpotent (solvable). Second, we state  an equivalent condition to k-nilpotency (solvablity) ideals and  BCK-algebra. Finally,  we study n-fold 2-nilpotent (solvable) ideals and BCK-algebras as a generalization of n-fold commutative ideals and BCK-algebras, and we study the relation between these two concepts. Basically, we compare 2-nilpotent and solvable ideals (BCK-algebras).