نشریه پژوهش های راهبردی بودجه و مالیه
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 11، پاییز 1401)

Data envelopment analysis method is one of the most widely used methods to performance evaluation of banks. According to extensive studies in the field of bank performance evaluation, various data envelopment analysis models such as basic CCR, BCC models, multi-stage and network models have been presented. According to the models and developments, have been used various and numerous variables. In this research, first, the types of variables in the bank’s evaluation were identified and categorized. On the other hand, the presence of many variables for evaluation in the context of data envelopment analysis would violate the general rule that confirmed relation between decision maker units and evaluation variables. Therefore, an a priori approach was used to reduce the variable before implementing the data envelopment analysis model. The approach was used based on structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis, which was analyzed using AMOS and SPSS software. Elementary analyze result show that model fit indices not confirmed and some of variables non- significance at 90% confidence level and have low factor loading. Therefore, Due to the non-significance of a number of variables, the variable was adjusted. The results of the modified model analysis confirmed it. Using this approach, extracted the effective and key inputs and outputs that capable to make distinguish between banks performance. Finally, model variable reduced from 22 to 8. As a result, this approach can be applied for identification key variables from variable lake in the banks evaluation and other evaluation system with many indicators.

One of the major expenses of governments even in peacetime is the expenses of the defense and security sector, and different countries spend an important part of their public revenues for this sector. The government of the Islamic Republic of Iran has allocated a part of its general budget to this issue every year. In the defense sector, strengthening the defense base is one of the most important missions, and a major part of this important mission is the responsibility of the country's defense industries. One of the important points in the development and strengthening of an industry is the sustainable financing of that industry. So far, the financing of the defense industry has been solely the responsibility of the government and it has been financed from the general budget of the government.In recent years, the government's income fluctuations and as a result of the fluctuations of the defense budget and specifically the budget for strengthening the defense base, the country's defense industries have faced challenges for some reasons. In this research, while studying financing methods in Iran and the world, after interviewing experts and implementing the Delphi method, the findings of the research were confirmed with the binomial test and the one-sample t-test, and then with Friedman's test, the best methods were ranked.

In bold investment, obtaining a high yield from the place of investment depends on the success of investable companies, and in addition to attracting capital and financing, helping the business flourish is another goal of bold investment. The upcoming research, with the aim of studying fintech businesses, tries to provide a correct understanding of its situation in Iran. After conducting library studies and with the benefit of 20 experts, using the fuzzy Delphi technique, the key factors affecting the value of investment in the field of fintech, with the titles of the level of innovation created, environmental assurance, technological interactions, management and Applied knowledge sharing, competitive advantage created, expert human capital, financial and insurance support, advertising and marketing skills as well as liquidity and profitability were identified. The weights of the criteria were done using the Swara fuzzy method and their ranking was done using the Cocoso fuzzy technique. The results showed that the factors of the level of innovation created, financial and insurance support, and expert human capital are ranked first to third among the factors affecting bold investment in the field of fintech, respectively. Next, by analyzing 180 questionnaires distributed among 28 active companies in the field of fintech, the effect of the confirmed variables on the bold investment variable was investigated.

According to the psychological and auditing literature, auditors' professional knowledge and choices are influenced by perception, judgment and decision making processes and it can play an important role in the occurrence of audit errors. Although, various factors affect the occurrence of audit errors, but the role of factors arising from the auditor's error and their cognitive biases is undeniable. This research investigates the effect of some cognitive biases on auditor errors. It is focused on the under reaction bias, anchoring bias, availability bias and conservatism bias as the main cognitive biases in this paper. The statistical population includes the auditors of the Iranian Auditing Association and researcher-made questionnaires with validity and reliability were distributed among them and the obtained data were analyzed using smart PLS software. The results showed that the cognitive biases examined based on the degree of priority and most impact included anchoring bias (46%), conservative bias (41%), under reaction bias (15%) and availability bias (5%) respectively have the ability to predict auditors.

Overconfident managers overestimate the probability and impact of favorable events on the company's cash flows and evaluate it for negative events less than reality. The characteristic of overconfidence in managers affects the way profit and loss are and the book value of assets and liabilities recognized. Financing and investment strategies are the two basic strategies in the field of financial management of an enterprise that the manager must decide. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between managers' uncertainty, domestic financing and investment efficiency in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To test the research hypotheses, multiple linear regression model based on panel data has been used. The results of the survey of 140 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2013 to 2019 indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between managers' overconfidence and the efficiency of investment and domestic financing. In fact, when managers were overconfident, there was too little investment. In addition, the research findings show that there is no significant relationship between managers' overconfidence and low investment.

Mutual investment funds, as one of the most important non-banking financial intermediaries, are responsible for the transfer of capital from resource holders (society members) to consumers (manufacturing and service companies and others). In Iran, for the first time in the securities market law approved in 2004, these funds were taken into consideration, and equity investment funds entered the capital market arena from the beginning of 2010.The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the efficiency of mutual investment funds in Iran; In this research, the information of 30 mutual investment funds has been examined in a period of 96 months from March 2011 to March 2019. The statistical method used for data analysis is correlation and multivariate regression.The results obtained from the hypothesis test show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the number of investment units, fund life and market return. Also, there is no significant relationship between the ratio of trading activities and mutual investment fund returns. There is a negative and significant relationship between the amount of cash held and the returns of mutual funds.